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Ahmad M, Grayson SM. Understanding zwitterionic ring-expansion polymerization through mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38556789 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Zwitterionic ring-expansion polymerization (ZREP) is a polymerization method in which a cyclic monomer is converted into a cyclic polymer through a zwitterionic intermediate. In this review, we explored the ZREP of various cyclic polymers and how mass spectrometry assists in identifying the product architectures and understanding their intricate reaction mechanism. For the majority of polymers (from a few thousand to a few million Da) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry is the most effective mass spectrometry technique to determine the true molecular weight (MW) of the resultant product, but only when the dispersity is low (approximately below 1.2). The key topics covered in this study were the ZREP of cyclic polyesters, cyclic polyamides, and cyclic ethers. In addition, this study also addresses a number of other preliminary topics, including the ZREP of cyclic polycarbonates, cyclic polysiloxanes, and cyclic poly(alkylene phosphates). The purity and efficiency of those syntheses largely depend on the catalyst. Among several catalysts, N-heterocyclic carbenes have exhibited high efficiency in the synthesis of cyclic polyesters and polyamides, whereas tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [B(C6F5)3] is the most optimal catalyst for cyclic polyether synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahi Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Scott M Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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2
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Salas-Ambrosio P, Tronnet A, Since M, Bourgeade-Delmas S, Stigliani JL, Vax A, Lecommandoux S, Dupuy B, Verhaeghe P, Bonduelle C. Cyclic Poly(α-peptoid)s by Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (LiHMDS)-Mediated Ring-Expansion Polymerization: Simple Access to Bioactive Backbones. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3697-3702. [PMID: 33651603 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic polymers display unique physicochemical and biological properties. However, their development is often limited by their challenging preparation. In this work, we present a simple route to cyclic poly(α-peptoids) from N-alkylated-N-carboxyanhydrides (NNCA) using LiHMDS promoted ring-expansion polymerization (REP) in DMF. This new method allows the unprecedented use of lysine-like monomers in REP to design bioactive macrocycles bearing pharmaceutical potential against Clostridioides difficile, a bacterium responsible for nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Salas-Ambrosio
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Antoine Tronnet
- LCC-CNRS, UPR8241, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France.,LPBA, Institut Pasteur, UMR-CNRS 2001, Université de Paris, F-75724 Paris, France
| | - Marc Since
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - Jean-Luc Stigliani
- LCC-CNRS, UPR8241, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Amelie Vax
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | | | - Bruno Dupuy
- LPBA, Institut Pasteur, UMR-CNRS 2001, Université de Paris, F-75724 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Verhaeghe
- LCC-CNRS, UPR8241, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Colin Bonduelle
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
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3
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Liénard R, De Winter J, Coulembier O. Cyclic polymers: Advances in their synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Liénard
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM) Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons Mons Belgium
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S2MOs) Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry (CISMa), University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S2MOs) Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry (CISMa), University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Olivier Coulembier
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM) Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons Mons Belgium
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4
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Haque FM, Grayson SM. The synthesis, properties and potential applications of cyclic polymers. Nat Chem 2020; 12:433-444. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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5
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Gartner TE, Haque FM, Gomi AM, Grayson SM, Hore MJA, Jayaraman A. Scaling Exponent and Effective Interactions in Linear and Cyclic Polymer Solutions: Theory, Simulations, and Experiments. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Farihah M. Haque
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Aila M. Gomi
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Scott M. Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Michael J. A. Hore
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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6
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Kelly GM, Haque FM, Grayson SM, Albert JNL. Suppression of Melt-Induced Dewetting in Cyclic Poly(ε-caprolactone) Thin Films. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni M. Kelly
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Farihah M. Haque
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Scott M. Grayson
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Julie N. L. Albert
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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7
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Zhang H, Wu W, Zhao X, Zhao Y. Synthesis and Thermoresponsive Behaviors of Thermo-, pH-, CO2-, and Oxidation-Responsive Linear and Cyclic Graft Copolymers. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongcan Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of
Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local
Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wentao Wu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of
Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local
Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of
Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local
Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Youliang Zhao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of
Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local
Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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8
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Napolitano S, Glynos E, Tito NB. Glass transition of polymers in bulk, confined geometries, and near interfaces. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:036602. [PMID: 28134134 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa5284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
When cooled or pressurized, polymer melts exhibit a tremendous reduction in molecular mobility. If the process is performed at a constant rate, the structural relaxation time of the liquid eventually exceeds the time allowed for equilibration. This brings the system out of equilibrium, and the liquid is operationally defined as a glass-a solid lacking long-range order. Despite almost 100 years of research on the (liquid/)glass transition, it is not yet clear which molecular mechanisms are responsible for the unique slow-down in molecular dynamics. In this review, we first introduce the reader to experimental methodologies, theories, and simulations of glassy polymer dynamics and vitrification. We then analyse the impact of connectivity, structure, and chain environment on molecular motion at the length scale of a few monomers, as well as how macromolecular architecture affects the glass transition of non-linear polymers. We then discuss a revised picture of nanoconfinement, going beyond a simple picture based on interfacial interactions and surface/volume ratio. Analysis of a large body of experimental evidence, results from molecular simulations, and predictions from theory supports, instead, a more complex framework where other parameters are relevant. We focus discussion specifically on local order, free volume, irreversible chain adsorption, the Debye-Waller factor of confined and confining media, chain rigidity, and the absolute value of the vitrification temperature. We end by highlighting the molecular origin of distributions in relaxation times and glass transition temperatures which exceed, by far, the size of a chain. Fast relaxation modes, almost universally present at the free surface between polymer and air, are also remarked upon. These modes relax at rates far larger than those characteristic of glassy dynamics in bulk. We speculate on how these may be a signature of unique relaxation processes occurring in confined or heterogeneous polymeric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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9
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An X, Tang Q, Zhu W, Zhang K, Zhao Y. Synthesis, Thermal Properties, and Thermoresponsive Behaviors of Cyclic Poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate)s. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:980-6. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan An
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Qingquan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Wen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Youliang Zhao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
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10
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Gambino T, Martínez de Ilarduya A, Alegría A, Barroso-Bujans F. Dielectric Relaxations in Poly(glycidyl phenyl ether): Effects of Microstructure and Cyclic Topology. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gambino
- Materials
Physics Center, Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Antxon Martínez de Ilarduya
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, ETSEIB, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Alegría
- Materials
Physics Center, Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento
de Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU). Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fabienne Barroso-Bujans
- Materials
Physics Center, Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International
Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel
de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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11
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He Q, Yol AM, Wang SF, Ma H, Guo K, Zhang F, Wesdemiotis C, Quirk RP, Foster MD. Efficient synthesis of well-defined cyclic polystyrenes using anionic polymerization, silicon chloride linking chemistry and metathesis ring closure. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01149g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of well-defined cyclic polystyrenes using anionic polymerization, silicon chloride linking chemistry, and metathesis ring closure has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming He
- Department of Polymer Science
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
| | - Aleer M. Yol
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
| | - Shih-Fan Wang
- Department of Polymer Science
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Department of Polymer Science
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
- School of Chemical Engineering
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Polymer Science
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department of Polymer Science
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Mark D. Foster
- Department of Polymer Science
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
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12
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Zhang L, Elupula R, Grayson SM, Torkelson JM. Major Impact of Cyclic Chain Topology on the Tg-Confinement Effect of Supported Thin Films of Polystyrene. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravinder Elupula
- Department
of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Scott M. Grayson
- Department
of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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13
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Wu J, Qu TG, Gao LF, Yang XM, Li XH, Tu YF, Zhu XL. Special odd-even effect of degree of oligomerization on properties of cyclic oligoesters. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Zhao J, Zhou Y, Li Y, Pan X, Zhang W, Zhou N, Zhang K, Zhang Z, Zhu X. Modular construction of macrocycle-based topological polymers via high-efficient thiol chemistry. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tadpole-, spiro-shaped, fused-dicyclic tadpole and other complex macrocycle-based topological polymers were modularly constructed via thiol-X chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Zhao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Yiwen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Wei Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Nianchen Zhou
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
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15
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Polymerization of styrene and cyclization to macrocyclic polystyrene in a one-pot, two-step sequence. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Sreerama SG, Elupula R, Laurent BA, Zhang B, Grayson SM. Use of MALDI-ToF MS to elucidate the structure of oligomeric impurities formed during ‘click’ cyclization of polystyrene. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Cai Y, Lu J, Zhou F, Zhou X, Zhou N, Zhang Z, Zhu X. Cyclic amphiphilic random copolymers bearing azobenzene side chains: facile synthesis and topological effects on self-assembly and photoisomerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:901-7. [PMID: 24623517 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this article, well-defined cyclic amphiphilic random copolymers bearing azobenzene side chains and pendent carboxyl moieties, cyclic-P(BHMEm -co-AAn )s, are synthesized by combining atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with Cu(I)-catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) "click" reaction and selective hydrolysis of tert-butyl ester. Successful synthesis of the cyclic-P(BHMEm -co-AAn )s is fully characterized and verified via conventional gel permeation chromatography, triple detection gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The cyclic topology induces profound effects on the glass transition temperatures, self-assembly behavior, and photoresponsive performance of the copolymers compared with their linear counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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18
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Sakurai S, Watanabe H, Takahara A. Preparation and characterization of looped polydimethylsiloxane brushes. Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2013.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Zhang H, Zhou N, Zhu X, Chen X, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Zhu J, Hu Z, Zhu X. Cyclic
Side-Chain Phenylazo Naphthalene Polymers: Enhanced Fluorescence Emission and Surface Relief Grating Formation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:1845-51. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Voter AF, Tillman ES, Findeis PM, Radzinski SC. Synthesis of Macrocyclic Polymers Formed via Intramolecular Radical Trap-Assisted Atom Transfer Radical Coupling. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:1066-1070. [PMID: 35607039 DOI: 10.1021/mz300311p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of cyclic polystyrene (PSt) with an alkoxyamine functionality has been accomplished by intramolecular radical coupling in the presence of a nitroso radical trap. Linear α,ω-dibrominated polystyrene, produced by the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene using a dibrominated initiator, was subjected to chain-end activation via the atom transfer radical coupling (ATRC) process under pseudodilute conditions in the presence of 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane (MNP). This radical trap-assisted, intramolecular ATRC (RTA-ATRC) produced cyclic polymers in greater than 90% yields, possessing ⟨G⟩ values in the 0.8-0.9 range as determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Thermal-induced opening of the cycles, made possible by the incorporated alkoxyamine, resulted in a return to the original apparent molecular weight, further supporting the formation of cyclic polymers in the RTA-ATRC reaction. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) provided direct confirmation of the cyclic architecture and the incorporation of the nitroso group into the macrocycle. RTA-ATRC cyclizations carried out with faster rates of polymer addition into the redox active solution and/or in the presence of a much larger excess of MNP (up to a 250:1 ratio of MNP:C-Br chain end) still yielded cyclic polymers that contained alkoxyamine functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F. Voter
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - Eric S. Tillman
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - Peter M. Findeis
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - Scott C. Radzinski
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
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21
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Zhang Y, Zhu X, Zhou N, Chen X, Zhang W, Yang Y, Zhu X. Cyclic Main-Chain Phenylazo Naphthalene Polymers: Topological Effect on Fluorescence Emission and Photoinduced Surface Relief Grating Formation. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:2217-21. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Zhang K, Tew GN. Cyclic Brush Polymers by Combining Ring-Expansion Metathesis Polymerization and the "Grafting from" Technique. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:574-579. [PMID: 35607064 DOI: 10.1021/mz2001675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthetic route to cyclic brush polymers was developed by combining ring-expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP) and the "grafting from" technique. In this approach, ultrahigh molecular weight cyclic polymers with hydroxyl side groups were synthesized first by REMP to form the cyclic macroinitiators. Polyester side chains were then grown from these cyclic macroinitiators by virtue of a triazabicyclodecene-catalyzed cyclic ester ring-opening polymerization to produce the cyclic brush polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst,
Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Gregory N. Tew
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst,
Massachusetts 01003, United States
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23
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Zamfir M, Theato P, Lutz JF. Controlled folding of polystyrene single chains: design of asymmetric covalent bridges. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00514f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Zhu X, Zhou N, Zhang Z, Sun B, Yang Y, Zhu J, Zhu X. Cyclic Polymers with Pendent Carbazole Units: Enhanced Fluorescence and Redox Behavior. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zhu X, Zhou N, Zhang Z, Sun B, Yang Y, Zhu J, Zhu X. Cyclic Polymers with Pendent Carbazole Units: Enhanced Fluorescence and Redox Behavior. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:6615-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Córdova ME, Lorenzo AT, Müller AJ, Hoskins JN, Grayson SM. A Comparative Study on the Crystallization Behavior of Analogous Linear and Cyclic Poly(ε-caprolactones). Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200394h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel E. Córdova
- Grupo de Polímeros USB, Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Apartado 89000, Caracas 1080-A, Venezuela
| | - Arnaldo T. Lorenzo
- Grupo de Polímeros USB, Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Apartado 89000, Caracas 1080-A, Venezuela
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- Grupo de Polímeros USB, Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Apartado 89000, Caracas 1080-A, Venezuela
| | - Jessica N. Hoskins
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret St., New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Scott M. Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret St., New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Melissa A. Lackey
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jun Cui
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Gregory N. Tew
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Controlled folding of synthetic polymer chains through the formation of positionable covalent bridges. Nat Chem 2011; 3:234-38. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Bunha A, Tria MC, Advincula R. Polymer catenanes via a supramolecularly templated ATRP initiator. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:9173-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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ADACHI K, TEZUKA Y, TSUKAHARA Y. Preparation of a Cyclic Polyacrylate Having a Mesogenic 4-Methoxybiphenyl Group at Each Repeating Unit and Evaluation of the Main Chain Topological Effect on its Thermal Behavior. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2011. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.68.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Voter AF, Tillman ES. An Easy and Efficient Route to Macrocyclic Polymers Via Intramolecular Radical−Radical Coupling of Chain Ends. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102319r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F. Voter
- Bucknell University, Department of Chemistry, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - Eric S. Tillman
- Bucknell University, Department of Chemistry, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
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Dalle-Ferrier C, Niss K, Sokolov AP, Frick B, Serrano J, Alba-Simionesco C. The Role of Chain Length in Nonergodicity Factor and Fragility of Polymers. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101622f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Dalle-Ferrier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Bâtiment 349, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France. Current address: Soft Matter group, IPkM, Heinrich Heine Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristine Niss
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Bâtiment 349, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France. Current address: Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Sciences, Building 27 Roskilde University RUC Postbox 260 DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Alexei P. Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division at ORNL, Oak Ridge; and Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | | | - Jorge Serrano
- ICREA-Departament de Física Aplicada, EPSC, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Esteve Terradas 15, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Christiane Alba-Simionesco
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Bâtiment 349, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France. Current address: Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS, Saclay, France
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Chen R, Ling J, Hogen-Esch TE. Synthesis and Spectroscopic Studies of Macrocyclic Polystyrene Containing Two Fluorene Units and Single 9,10-Anthracenylidene Group. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9005186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
| | - Jun Ling
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
| | - Thieo E. Hogen-Esch
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
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Hayashi S, Adachi K, Tezuka Y. ATRP-RCM Synthesis of 8-Shaped Poly(methyl acrylate) Using a 4-Armed Star Telechelics. Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.pj2008037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hayashi S, Adachi K, Tezuka Y. An Efficient Route to Cyclic Polymers by ATRP–RCM Process. CHEM LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2007.982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Confinement, composition, and spin-coating effects on the glass transition and stress relaxation of thin films of polystyrene and styrene-containing random copolymers: Sensing by intrinsic fluorescence. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hogen-Esch TE. Synthesis and characterization of macrocyclic vinyl aromatic polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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