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Shi J, Wang Z, Zheng T, Liu X, Guo B, Xu J. Thermal and UV light adaptive polyurethane elastomers for photolithography-transfer printing of flexible circuits. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:3070-3077. [PMID: 36255220 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01005d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flexible polymers are widely used in the fields of wearable devices, soft robots, sensors, and other flexible electronics. Combining high strength and elasticity, electrical conductivity, self-healability, and surface tunable properties in one material becomes a challenge for designing polymeric materials for these applications, especially in flexible electronics. Herein, we propose a "two birds with one stone" strategy to synthesize thermal and UV light adaptive polyurethane elastomers with high-strength, self-healable, surface-modifiable and patternable functions for photolithography-transfer printing flexible circuits. The "stone", dihydroxybenzophenone, plays two roles in the synthesized polyurethanes as both a dynamic covalent bond and a UV-sensitive unit. On one hand, the phenolic group reacts with isocyanate to form a dynamic covalent phenol-carbamate bond, making the polymer self-healable, processable, and surface-embeddable with conductive fillers utilizing dynamic network rearrangement. On the other hand, the benzophenone group acts as a UV-sensitive unit to graft other functional groups to the polymer surface or self-crosslink on the surface under UV irradiation. Based on the dynamic covalent network and UV self-crosslinking properties, self-healable patterned flexible circuits can be obtained by photolithography-transfer printing. The flexible circuits prepared by loading silver nanowires on the dynamically crosslinked polyurethane substrate show little change of electric resistance when stretched up to 125% and can withstand thousands of stretching cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Shi
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Zhiqi Wang
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Tianze Zheng
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Baohua Guo
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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De Buyck PJ, Matviichuk O, Dumoulin A, Rousseau DPL, Van Hulle SWH. Roof runoff contamination: Establishing material-pollutant relationships and material benchmarking based on laboratory leaching tests. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131112. [PMID: 34182629 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Because roofs represent a major part of the urban impervious surface, it is hypothesized that roof runoff is an important source of urban stormwater contamination. However, the contribution of different roofing materials to this contamination has only been examined to a limited extent. In this study, a resource and time efficient methodology, which uses some of the principles of a standardized leaching test (CEN/TS16637-2), was developed to identify material-pollutant relationships for sixteen commonly used roofing materials (EPDM, PVC, TPO, EVA, PU and bitumen membranes). Metals were detected in concentrations ranging from several μg/L in the leachate of synthetic materials up to 2.5 mg/L for Zn in the leachate of EPDM materials. Cd and Cr were not detected in any of the leachates. Furthermore, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in most leachates, with phenanthrene and naphthalene being most frequently detected in concentrations up to 4.5 μg/L for naphthalene. Further insights on organic pollutants' leaching from the tested materials were obtained by a non-target GC-MS screening of the leachates. Several commonly used additives such as flame retardants and light stabilizers were detected. Although no information on long-term leaching and material behavior under outdoor conditions could be obtained by the developed methodology, the laboratory test results could be used to benchmark the materials for their potential impact on roof runoff quality by the calculation of material indexes (which summarize the material-pollutant relationships). EPDM and PU roofing materials were identified as the materials having the highest potential to affect roof runoff quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter-Jan De Buyck
- Laboratory for Industrial Water and Ecotechnology (LIWET), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Sint-Martens-Latemlaan 2B, B-8500, Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Olha Matviichuk
- Laboratory for Industrial Water and Ecotechnology (LIWET), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Sint-Martens-Latemlaan 2B, B-8500, Kortrijk, Belgium; Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), UMR 7285, University of Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
| | - Ann Dumoulin
- Laboratory for Industrial Water and Ecotechnology (LIWET), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Sint-Martens-Latemlaan 2B, B-8500, Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Diederik P L Rousseau
- Laboratory for Industrial Water and Ecotechnology (LIWET), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Sint-Martens-Latemlaan 2B, B-8500, Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Stijn W H Van Hulle
- Laboratory for Industrial Water and Ecotechnology (LIWET), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Sint-Martens-Latemlaan 2B, B-8500, Kortrijk, Belgium.
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Zhou J, Allonas X, Ibrahim A, Liu X. Progress in the development of polymeric and multifunctional photoinitiators. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nowakowska M, Szczubiałka K. Photoactive polymeric and hybrid systems for photocatalytic degradation of water pollutants. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dogruyol SK, Dogruyol Z, Arsu N. A thioxanthone-based visible photoinitiator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wei J, Wang B. A Highly Efficient Polymerizable Photoinitiator Comprising Benzophenone, Thio Moieties, and N-Arylmaleimide. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yilmaz G, Tuzun A, Yagci Y. Thioxanthone-carbazole as a visible light photoinitiator for free radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Effect of photosensitive groups on the photoefficiency of polymeric photoinitiators. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-010-9500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yilmaz G, Aydogan B, Temel G, Arsu N, Moszner N, Yagci Y. Thioxanthone−Fluorenes as Visible Light Photoinitiators for Free Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma100371y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gorkem Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Binnur Aydogan
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Temel
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yalova University, 77100 Yalova, Turkey
| | - Nergis Arsu
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, 34210 Davutpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Norbert Moszner
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wei J, Lu R, Liu F. Novel, highly efficient polymeric benzophenone photoinitiator containing coinitiator moieties for photopolymerization. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wei J, Liu F, Lu Z, Song L, Cai D. Novel PU-type polymeric photoinitiator comprising side-chain benzophenone and coinitiator amine for photopolymerization of PU acrylate. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wei J, Jiang XS, Wang HY. Effect of the Structure of Photosensitive Groups Contained in Novel PU-Type Polymeric Benzophenone Photoinitiators on Photopolymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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