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Hejazi-Dehaghani ZA, Arabi H, Thalheim D, Vidakovic D, Nekoomanesh Haghighi M, Veith L, Klapper M. Organic Versus Inorganic Supports for Metallocenes: The Influence of Rigidity on the Homogeneity of the Polyolefin Microstructure and Properties. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra-Alsadat Hejazi-Dehaghani
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran 1497713115, Iran
| | - Hassan Arabi
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran 1497713115, Iran
| | - Daniel Thalheim
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | | | | | - Lothar Veith
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Markus Klapper
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
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2
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Synthesis of poly(amide-thioether) with tunable hydrophilicity via thiolactone chemistry and its application in oil-in-oil emulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 549:201-211. [PMID: 31039456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Oil-in-oil emulsions are ideal systems for water-sensitive reactions such as polymerizations and catalytic reactions, which has received extensive attention in recent years. The application of oil-in-oil emulsions has been developed slowly due to the limited types of surfactants and complicated synthesis process. Herein, we proposed a simple method to prepare poly(amide-thioether)-based surfactant for oil-in-oil emulsions via taking advantage of single-pot multicomponent and click characters of thiolactone chemistry. Using a combination of alkyl amine and acrylamide thiolactone, the aminolysis of thiolctone occurred first, generating thiol group in-situ, and then the generated thiol group would sequentially react with the double bonds of acrylamide to form polythioether in the presence of amine. The hydrophobicity of the surfactant could be effectively adjusted by the chain length of the alkyl amine and thus this polymer could serve as a promising surfactant for oil-in-oil emulsion. Notably, the emulsion types could be switched by changing the chain length of the alkyl amine. In addition, the effects of surfactant loading, volume ratio of oil phases, oil types on the size and stability of oil-in-oil emulsions were further investigated. It was demonstrated that the oil-in-oil emulsion stabilized by poly(amide-thioether)s kept stable after more than five months. Besides, we preliminarily explored the application of the oil-in-oil emulsion to prepare closed cell foam and porous particles via photo-initiated thiol-ene polymerization. It is believed that this super-stable oil-in-oil emulsion could offer more possibilities for highly potential water-sensitive systems.
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3
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Nifant'ev IE, Shlyakhtin AV, Tavtorkin AN, Korchagina SA, Chinova MS, Vinogradov AA, Vinogradov AA, Roznyatovsky VA, Khaidapova DD, Ivchenko PV. The synthesis of ultra-high molecular weight poly(1-hexene)s by low-temperature Ziegler-Natta precipitation polymerization in fluorous reaction media. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Rodier BJ, de Leon A, Hemmingsen C, Pentzer E. Polymerizations in oil-in-oil emulsions using 2D nanoparticle surfactants. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01819c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oil-in-oil emulsions are especially attractive for compartmentalized reactions with water-sensitive monomers which cannot be used with traditional oil/water emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Rodier
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA 44106
| | - Al de Leon
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA 44106
| | | | - Emily Pentzer
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA 44106
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5
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Rodier B, de Leon A, Hemmingsen C, Pentzer E. Controlling Oil-in-Oil Pickering-Type Emulsions Using 2D Materials as Surfactant. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:1201-1206. [PMID: 35650795 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emulsions are important in numerous fields, including cosmetics, coatings, and biomedical applications. A subset of these structures, oil-in-oil emulsions, are especially intriguing for water sensitive reactions such as polymerizations and catalysis. Widespread use and application of oil-in-oil emulsions is currently limited by the lack of facile and simple methods for preparing suitable surfactants. Herein, we report the ready preparation of oil-in-oil emulsions using 2D nanomaterials as surfactants at the interface of polar and nonpolar organic solvents. Both the edges and basal plane of graphene oxide nanosheets were functionalized with primary alkyl amines and we demonstrated that the length of the alkyl chain dictates the continuous phase of the oil-in-oil emulsions (i.e., nonpolar-in-polar or polar-in-nonpolar). The prepared emulsions are stable at least 5 weeks and we demonstrate they can be used to compartmentalize reagents such that reaction occurs only upon physical agitation. The simplicity and scalability of these oil-in-oil emulsions render them ideal for applications impossible with traditional oil-in-water emulsions, and provide a new interfacial area to explore and exploit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Rodier
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Al de Leon
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Christina Hemmingsen
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Emily Pentzer
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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6
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Freudensprung I, Joe D, Nietzel S, Vollmer D, Klapper M, Müllen K. Spherical Polyolefin Particles from Olefin Polymerization in the Confined Geometry of Porous Hollow Silica Particles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:1651-1656. [PMID: 27552924 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Porous hollow silica particles (HSPs) are presented as new templates to control the product morphology in metallocene-catalyzed olefin polymerization. By selectively immobilizing catalysts inside the micrometer-sized porous hollow silica particles, the high hydraulic forces resulting from polymer growth within the confined geometries of the HSPs cause its supporting shell to break up from the inside. As the shape of the support is replicated during olefin polymerization, perfectly spherical product particles with very narrow size distribution can be achieved by using HSPs exhibiting a monomodal size distribution. Furthermore, the size of the obtained product particles can be controlled not only by the polymerization time but also by the size of the support material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Freudensprung
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daejune Joe
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven Nietzel
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Doris Vollmer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Klapper
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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7
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Luo Z, Zheng T, Li H, Zhou Q, Wang A, Zhang L, Hu Y. A Submicron Spherical Polypropylene Prepared by Heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta Catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Luo
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huayi Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ailian Wang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liaoyun Zhang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Youliang Hu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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8
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Schuster T, Golling FE, Krumpfer JW, Wagner M, Graf R, Alsaygh AA, Klapper M, Müllen K. Poly(isobutylene) Nanoparticles via Cationic Polymerization in Nonaqueous Emulsions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 36:204-10. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schuster
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Florian E. Golling
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Joseph W. Krumpfer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Abdulhamid A. Alsaygh
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST); PO BOX 6086 Riyadh 11442 Saudi Arabia
| | - Markus Klapper
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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9
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Pammer F, Thiel W. Benzannulated homologues of cyclopentadienide as ligands in organometallic chemistry. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Wang J, Yu M, Jiang W, Zhou Y, Li F, Cheng L, Yi J, Huang Q, Liu Y, Yang W. The Preparation of Nanosized Polyethylene Particles via Carbon Sphere Nanotemplates. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4022946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengshan Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanhe Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengjiao Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Cheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Yi
- Lab
for Synthetic Resin Research Institution of Petrochemical Technology, China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qigu Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunfang Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wantai Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Graphene as a Target for Polymer Synthesis. HIERARCHICAL MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES: 60 YEARS AFTER THE STAUDINGER NOBEL PRIZE II 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2013_239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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12
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13
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Atanase LI, Riess G. Block copolymers as polymeric stabilizers in non-aqueous emulsion polymerization. POLYM INT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.3137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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de Viguerie L, Keller R, Jonas U, Berger R, Clark CG, Klein CO, Geue T, Müllen K, Butt HJ, Vlassopoulos D. Effect of the molecular structure on the hierarchical self-assembly of semifluorinated alkanes at the air/water interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:8776-8786. [PMID: 21671602 DOI: 10.1021/la201377f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Semifluorinated alkanes (C(n)F(2n+1)C(m)H(2m+1)), short FnHm display local phase separation of mutually incompatible hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon chain moieties, which has been utilized as a structure-forming motif in supramolecular architectures. The packing of semifluorinated alkanes, nominally based on dodecyl subunits, such as perfluoro(dodecyl)dodecane (F12H12) and perfluoro(dodecyl)eicosane (F12H20), as well as a core extended analogue, 1,4-dibromo-2-((perfluoroundecyl)methoxy)-5-(dodecyloxy)benzene) (F11H1-core-H12), was studied at the air/water interface. Langmuir monolayers were investigated by means of neutron reflectivity directly at the air/water interface and scanning force microscopy after transfer to silicon wafers. Narrowly disperse surface micelles formed in all three cases; however, they were found to bear different morphologies with respect to molecular orientation and assembly dimensionality, which gives rise to different hierarchical aggregate topologies. For F12H12, micelles of ca. 30 nm in diameter, composed of several circular or "spherical cap" substructures, were observed and a monolayer model with the fluorocarbon block oriented toward air is proposed. F12H20 molecules formed larger (ca. 50 nm diameter) hexagonally shaped surface micelles that were hexagonally, densely packed, besides more elongated but tightly interlocked wormlike structures. Conversely, F11H1-core-H12 films organized into linear rows of elongated surface micelles with comparable width, but an average length of ca. 400 nm, apparently formed by antiparallel molecular packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence de Viguerie
- Bio-Organic Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
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15
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Stelzig SH, Menneking C, Hoffmann MS, Eisele K, Barcikowski S, Klapper M, Müllen K. Compatibilization of laser generated antibacterial Ag- and Cu-nanoparticles for perfluorinated implant materials. Eur Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Shu J, Cheng C, Zheng Y, Shen L, Qiao Y, Fu C. “One pot” synthesis of fluorinated block copolymers using a surface-active ATRP initiator under emulsion polymerization conditions. Polym Bull (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-011-0446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Haschick R, Hoffmann MS, Zhao Y, Klapper M, Müllen K. Nonaqueous Emulsions - A Versatile Tool for New Types of Functional Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201051004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Valtola L, Koponen A, Karesoja M, Hietala S, Laukkanen A, Tenhu H, Denifl P. Tailored surface properties of semi-fluorinated block copolymers by electrospinning. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Clark CG, Floudas GA, Lee YJ, Graf R, Spiess HW, Müllen K. Molecularly Tethered Amphiphiles as 3-D Supramolecular Assembly Platforms: Unlocking a Trapped Conformation. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:8537-47. [DOI: 10.1021/ja900999f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G. Clark
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and the Department of Physics, University of Ioannina and Biomedical Research Institute (BRI), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Ioannina, Greece
| | - George A. Floudas
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and the Department of Physics, University of Ioannina and Biomedical Research Institute (BRI), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Ioannina, Greece
| | - Young Joo Lee
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and the Department of Physics, University of Ioannina and Biomedical Research Institute (BRI), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Ioannina, Greece
| | - Robert Graf
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and the Department of Physics, University of Ioannina and Biomedical Research Institute (BRI), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Ioannina, Greece
| | - Hans W. Spiess
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and the Department of Physics, University of Ioannina and Biomedical Research Institute (BRI), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Ioannina, Greece
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and the Department of Physics, University of Ioannina and Biomedical Research Institute (BRI), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Ioannina, Greece
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20
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Nenov S, Hoffmann MS, Steffen W, Klapper M, Müllen K. Fluorous miniemulsions: A powerful tool to control morphology in metallocene-catalyzed propene polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Bouilhac C, Cloutet E, Taton D, Deffieux A, Borsali R, Cramail H. Block copolymer micelles as nanoreactors for single-site polymerization catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Bouilhac C, Cloutet E, Taton D, Deffieux A, Borsali R, Cramail H. Polymer Micelles as Supports for the Production of Millimetric Polyethylene Beads. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8016772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Bouilhac
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, ENSCPB, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac Cedex F33607, France, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Pessac Cedex F33607, France, and CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble Cedex F38041, France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, ENSCPB, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac Cedex F33607, France, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Pessac Cedex F33607, France, and CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble Cedex F38041, France
| | - Daniel Taton
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, ENSCPB, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac Cedex F33607, France, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Pessac Cedex F33607, France, and CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble Cedex F38041, France
| | - Alain Deffieux
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, ENSCPB, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac Cedex F33607, France, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Pessac Cedex F33607, France, and CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble Cedex F38041, France
| | - Redouane Borsali
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, ENSCPB, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac Cedex F33607, France, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Pessac Cedex F33607, France, and CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble Cedex F38041, France
| | - Henri Cramail
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, ENSCPB, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Pessac Cedex F33607, France, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, Pessac Cedex F33607, France, and CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble Cedex F38041, France
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Klapper M, Nenov S, Haschick R, Müller K, Müllen K. Oil-in-oil emulsions: a unique tool for the formation of polymer nanoparticles. Acc Chem Res 2008; 41:1190-201. [PMID: 18759463 DOI: 10.1021/ar8001206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymer latex particles are nanofunctional materials with widespread applications including electronics, pharmaceuticals, photonics, cosmetics, and coatings. These materials are typically prepared using waterborne heterogeneous systems such as emulsion, miniemulsion, and suspension polymerization. However, all of these processes are limited to water-stable catalysts and monomers mainly polymerizable via radical polymerization. In this Account, we describe a method to overcome this limitation: nonaqueous emulsions can serve as a versatile tool for the synthesis of new types of polymer nanoparticles. To form these emulsions, we first needed to find two nonmiscible nonpolar/polar aprotic organic solvents. We used solvent mixtures of either DMF or acetonitrile in alkanes and carefully designed amphiphilic block and statistical copolymers, such as polyisoprene- b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PI- b-PMMA), as additives to stabilize these emulsions. Unlike aqueous emulsions, these new emulsion systems allowed the use of water-sensitive monomers and catalysts. Although polyaddition and polycondensation reactions usually lead to a large number of side products and only to oligomers in the aqueous phase, these new conditions resulted in high-molecular-weight, defect-free polymers. Furthermore, conducting nanoparticles were produced by the iron(III)-induced synthesis of poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) in an emulsion of acetonitrile in cyclohexane. Because metallocenes are sensitive to nitrile and carbonyl groups, the acetonitrile and DMF emulsions were not suitable for carrying out metallocene-catalyzed olefin polymerization. Instead, we developed a second system, which consists of alkanes dispersed in perfluoroalkanes. In this case, we designed a new amphipolar polymeric emulsifier with fluorous and aliphatic side chains to stabilize the emulsions. Such heterogeneous mixtures facilitated the catalytic polymerization of ethylene or propylene to give spherical nanoparticles of high molecular weight polyolefins. These nonaqueous systems also allow for the combination of different polymerization techniques to obtain complex architectures such as core-shell structures. Previously, such structures primarily used vinylic monomers, which greatly limited the number of polymer combinations. We have demonstrated how nonaqueous emulsions allow the use of a broad variety of hydrolyzable monomers and sensitive catalysts to yield polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, conducting polymers, and polyolefin latex particles in one step under ambient reaction conditions. This nonpolar emulsion strategy dramatically increases the chemical palette of polymers that can form nanoparticles via emulsion polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Klapper
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Svetlin Nenov
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Haschick
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kevin Müller
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Haschick R, Mueller K, Klapper M, Muellen K. Nonaqueous Emulsions as a Tool for Particles with Unique Core−Shell Topologies. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma800550z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Haschick
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kevin Mueller
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Klapper
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Muellen
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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Kobašlija M, Bogdan AR, Poe SL, Escobedo F, Mcquade DT. Creating microenvironments using encapsulated polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Klapper M, Clark Jr CG, Müllen K. Application-directed syntheses of surface-functionalized organic and inorganic nanoparticles. POLYM INT 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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