1
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Li J, Ji Z, He A, Zhang H. Design, synthesis, and application in OFET of a small molecule based on π-expanded fused diketopyrrolopyrrole. Front Chem 2023; 11:1280816. [PMID: 37876853 PMCID: PMC10590918 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1280816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and its derivatives, as electron deficient units, are widely used as building blocks in organic field-effect transistors, obtaining high performance. However, further modification of the DPP structure is crucial for the development of organic semiconductors. In this work, an FDPP is synthesized and characterized. The results show that FDPP exhibited not only a good planar core structure with a good conjugation system, but also strong aggregation in the solid state. As a consequence, FDPP presents p-type behavior with a hole mobility of ∼9.7 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1. This study suggests that FDPP is a promising electron deficient unit for high performance semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haichang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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2
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Patil BB, Takeda Y, Singh S, Wang T, Singh A, Do TT, Singh SP, Tokito S, Pandey AK, Sonar P. Electrode and dielectric layer interface device engineering study using furan flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole-dithienothiophene polymer based organic transistors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19989. [PMID: 33203904 PMCID: PMC7673034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We successfully demonstrated a detailed and systematic enhancement of organic field effect transistors (OFETs) performance using dithienothiophene (DTT) and furan-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole based donor-acceptor conjugated polymer semiconductor namely PDPPF-DTT as an active semiconductor. The self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) treatments at interface junctions of the semiconductor-dielectric and at the semiconductor-metal electrodes has been implemented using bottom gate bottom contact device geometry. Due to SAM treatment at the interface using tailored approach, the significant reduction of threshold voltage (Vth) from - 15.42 to + 5.74 V has been observed. In addition to tuning effect of Vth, simultaneously charge carrier mobility (µFET) has been also enhanced the from 9.94 × 10-4 cm2/Vs to 0.18 cm2/Vs. In order to calculate the trap density in each OFET device, the hysteresis in transfer characteristics has been studied in detail for bare and SAM treated devices. Higher trap density in Penta-fluoro-benzene-thiol (PFBT) treated OFET devices enhances the gate field, which in turn controls the charge carrier density in the channel, and hence gives lower Vth = + 5.74 V. Also, PFBT treatment enhances the trapped interface electrons, which helps to enhance the mobility in this OFET architecture. The overall effect has led to possibility of reduction in the Vth with simultaneous enhancements of µFET in OFETs, following systematic device engineering methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanagouda B Patil
- School of Electrical Engineering and Robotics, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992- 8510, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takeda
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992- 8510, Japan
| | - Subhash Singh
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992- 8510, Japan
| | - Tony Wang
- Centre for Material Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Amandeep Singh
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Centre for Material Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Thu Trang Do
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Samarendra P Singh
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University (SNU), Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201307, India
| | - Shizuo Tokito
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992- 8510, Japan.
| | - Ajay K Pandey
- School of Electrical Engineering and Robotics, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
| | - Prashant Sonar
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
- Centre for Material Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
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3
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Lin K, Li C, Tao W, Huang J, Wu Q, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Wang D, Liu X. Electrochemical Synthesis and Electro-Optical Properties of Dibenzothiophene/Thiophene Conjugated Polymers With Stepwise Enhanced Conjugation Lengths. Front Chem 2020; 8:819. [PMID: 33102439 PMCID: PMC7505771 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of six conjugated polymers, namely PDBT-Th, PDBT-Th:Th, PDBT-2Th, PDBT-Th:2Th, PDBT-2Th:Th, and PDBT-2Th:2Th, consisting of dibenzothiophene, thiophene, and bithiophene were electrochemically synthesized. Their electrochemical and electrochromic properties were investigated in relation to the conjugation chain lengths of the thiophene units in the conjugated backbones. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that longer conjugation lengths resulted in decreased HOMO-LUMO gaps in the polymers. The optical band gaps (Eg,opt) and electrochemical band gaps (Eg,cv) were decreased from PDBT-Th to PDBT-Th:Th, however, PDBT-Th:2Th, PDBT-2Th, PDBT-2Th:Th and PDBT-2Th:2Th displayed the similar band gaps. The conjugation length increments significantly improved the electrochemical stability of the conjugated polymers and exhibited reversible color changes due to the formation of polarons and bipolarons. The results suggest that the conjugated polymers prepared herein are promising candidates for fabricating flexible organic electrochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Lin
- Department of Materials and Food, Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan, China
| | - Caiting Li
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Wang Tao
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Jilong Huang
- Department of Materials and Food, Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Zijin Liu
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yangfan Zhang
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Da Wang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xi Liu
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
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4
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Ponnappa SP, Liu Q, Umer M, MacLeod J, Jickson J, Ayoko G, Shiddiky MJA, O'Mullane AP, Sonar P. Naphthalene flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole: a new conjugated building block with hexyl or octyl alkyl side chains for electropolymerization studies and its biosensor applications. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00430k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Naphthalene flanked DPP with hexyl and octyl chain based electropolymerized conjugated polymers exhibits bio-sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supreetha Paleyanda Ponnappa
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Molecular Design and Synthesis
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Molecular Design and Synthesis
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
| | - Muhammad Umer
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC)
- Griffith University
- Nathan Campus
- Australia
| | - Jennifer MacLeod
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Molecular Design and Synthesis
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
| | - Jospeh Jickson
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Molecular Design and Synthesis
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
| | - Godwin Ayoko
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Molecular Design and Synthesis
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
| | - Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC)
- Griffith University
- Nathan Campus
- Australia
- School of Environment and Science
| | - Anthony P. O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Molecular Design and Synthesis
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
| | - Prashant Sonar
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Molecular Design and Synthesis
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
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5
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Yang K, Li X, Huang YF, Bhatta RS, Liu J, Tsige M, Wang CL, Cheng SZ, Zhu Y. Investigation of hydrogen-bonding mediated molecular packing of diketopyrrolopyrrole based donor-acceptor oligomers in the solid state. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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6
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1,4-Diketo-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrroles (DPPs) based insoluble polymer films with lactam hydrogens as renewable fluoride anion chemosensor. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Gu H, Ming S, Lin K, Chen S, Liu X, Lu B, Xu J. Isoindigo as an electron−deficient unit for high−performance polymeric electrochromics. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Lee JY, Han SY, Cho I, Lim B, Nah YC. Electrochemical and electrochromic properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated polymer. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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9
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Zhang H, Zhang S, Mao Y, Liu K, Chen YM, Jiang Z, Strzalka J, Yang W, Wang CL, Zhu Y. Naphthodipyrrolidone (NDP) based conjugated polymers with high electron mobility and ambipolar transport properties. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00616k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers based on NDP were synthesized and characterized. The polymer thin film organic field effect transistor exhibited ambipolar transport properties with an electron mobility up to 0.67 cm2 V−1 s−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichang Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science
- College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Argonne
- USA
| | - Yifan Mao
- Department of Polymer Science
- College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
| | - Kewei Liu
- Department of Polymer Science
- College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Department of Polymer Science
- College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
| | - Zhang Jiang
- X-ray Science Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Argonne
- USA
| | | | - Wenjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST)
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- China
| | - Chien-Lung Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Polymer Science
- College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
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10
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Mueller CJ, Singh CR, Thelakkat M. EDOT-diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymers for high bulk hole mobility and near infrared absorption. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian J. Mueller
- Applied Functional Polymers - Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth 95440 Germany
| | - Chetan R. Singh
- Applied Functional Polymers - Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth 95440 Germany
| | - Mukundan Thelakkat
- Applied Functional Polymers - Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth 95440 Germany
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11
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Welterlich I, Neudörfl JM, Tieke B. Electrochemical polymerization of 1,3,4,6-tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole-2,5-dione (isoDPP) derivatives. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01315h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical polymerization of tetraaryldiketopyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (isoDPP) derivatives leads to deeply coloured low band gap polymers with reversible oxidation and reduction behaviour and electrochromic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bernd Tieke
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- D-50939 Köln
- Germany
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12
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Yang K, He T, Chen X, Cheng SZD, Zhu Y. Patternable Conjugated Polymers with Latent Hydrogen-Bonding on the Main Chain. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501960t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Polymer Science,
College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Circle, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Tianda He
- Department of Polymer Science,
College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Circle, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Department of Polymer Science,
College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Circle, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Stephen Z. D. Cheng
- Department of Polymer Science,
College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Circle, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Polymer Science,
College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Circle, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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13
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Chen X, Guo K, Li F, Zhou L, Qiao H. Synthesis and properties of Zn2+/Cd2+-directed self-assembled metallo-supramolecular polymers based on 1,4-diketo-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (DPP) derivatives. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10685g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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14
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Abstract
Deeply coloured 1,6-naphthodifuranone-/1,6-naphthodipyrrolidone-based monomers and polymers are reported. The polymers exhibit broad and strong absorption in the visible region from 400 to 1000 nm, and low band gaps of 1.20–1.41 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Tieke
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- D-50939 Cologne, Germany
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15
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Naik MA, Patil S. Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated polymers and small molecules for organic ambipolar transistors and solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mallari A. Naik
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Satish Patil
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560012 India
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16
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Zhang H, Welterlich I, Neudörfl JM, Tieke B, Yang C, Chen X, Yang W. Synthesis and characterization of 1,3,4,6-tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]-pyrrole-2,5-dione (isoDPP)-based donor–acceptor polymers with low band gap. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00570d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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17
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Li W, Lee T, Oh SJ, Kagan CR. Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based π-bridged donor-acceptor polymer for photovoltaic applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:3874-3883. [PMID: 21888419 DOI: 10.1021/am200720e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, properties, and photovoltaic applications of a new conjugated copolymer (C12DPP-π-BT) containing a donor group (bithiophene) and an acceptor group (2,5-didodecylpyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione), bridged by a phenyl group. Using cyclic voltammetry, we found the energy levels of C12DPP-π-BT are intermediate to common electron donor and acceptor photovoltaic materials, poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), respectively. Whereas P3HT and PCBM are exclusively electron donating or accepting, we predict C12DPP-π-BT may uniquely serve as either an electron donor or an acceptor when paired with PCBM or P3HT forming junctions with large built-in potentials. We confirmed the ambipolar nature of C12DPP-π-BT in space charge limited current measurements and in C12DPP-π-BT:PCBM and C12DPP-π-BT:P3HT bulk heterojunction solar cells, achieving power conversion efficiencies of 1.67% and 0.84%, respectively, under illumination of AM 1.5G (100 mW/cm(2)). Adding diiodooctane to C12DPP-π-BT:PCBM improved donor-acceptor inter-mixing and film uniformity, and therefore enhanced charge separation and overall device efficiency. Using higher-molecular-weight polymer C12DPP-π-BT in both C12DPP-π-BT:PCBM and C12DPP-π-BT:P3HT devices improved charge transport and hence the performance of the solar cells. In addition, we compared the structural and electronic properties of C12DPP-π-BT:PCBM and C12DPP-π-BT:P3HT blends, representing the materials classes of polymer:fullerene and polymer:polymer blends. In C12DPP-π-BT:PCBM blends, higher short circuit currents were obtained, consistent with faster charge transfer and balanced electron and hole transport, but lower open circuit voltages may be reduced by trap-assisted recombination and interfacial recombination losses. In contrast, C12DPP-π-BT:P3HT blends exhibit higher open circuit voltage, but short circuit currents were limited by charge transfer between the polymers. In conclusion, C12DPP-π-BT is a promising material with intrinsic ambipolar characteristics for organic photovoltaics and may operate as either a donor or acceptor in the design of bulk heterojunction solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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18
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Zhang K, Tieke B, Forgie JC, Vilela F, Parkinson JA, Skabara PJ. Cross-linked polymers based on 2,3,5,6-tetra-substituted pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione (DPP): Synthesis, optical and electronic properties. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Tieke B, Rabindranath AR, Zhang K, Zhu Y. Conjugated polymers containing diketopyrrolopyrrole units in the main chain. Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:830-45. [PMID: 20978619 PMCID: PMC2956471 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Research activities in the field of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based polymers are reviewed. Synthetic pathways to monomers and polymers, and the characteristic properties of the polymers are described. Potential applications in the field of organic electronic materials such as light emitting diodes, organic solar cells and organic field effect transistors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Tieke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, D-50939 Cologne, Germany.
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20
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Zhang K, Tieke B, Forgie JC, Skabara PJ. Electrochemical Polymerisation ofN-Arylated andN-Alkylated EDOT-Substituted Pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPP) Derivatives: Influence of Substitution Pattern on Optical and Electronic Properties. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:1834-40. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21
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Rabindranath A, Zhu Y, Zhang K, Tieke B. Purple red and luminescent polyiminoarylenes containing the 1,4-diketo-3,6-diphenylpyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (DPP) chromophore. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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