1
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Lu D, Jia Z, Monteiro MJ. A Sequence-Defined ABC Dendritic Macromolecule with Amino Acid Peripheral Functionality via Iterative Chemoselective Reactions. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2007-2015. [PMID: 38349647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Chemoselective reactions allow near-precision control over the polymer composition and topology to create sequence-controlled polymers with similar secondary and tertiary structures to those found in proteins. Dendrimers are recognized as well-defined macromolecules with the potential to mimic protein surface functionality due to the large number of functional groups available at its periphery with the internal structure acting as the support scaffold. Transitioning from using small-molecule dendrimers to dendritic macromolecules will not only allow retention of the high peripheral functionality but also provide an internal scaffold with a desired polymer composition within each generational layer. Here, we exemplify a systematic approach to creating a dendritic macromolecule with the placement of different polymer building blocks in precise locations within the internal structure and the placement of three different amino acid moieties clustered at the periphery. The synthesis of this ABC dendritic macromolecule was accomplished through iterative chemoselective reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derong Lu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, 637457 Singapore
| | - Zhongfan Jia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Michael J Monteiro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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2
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Barik D, Porel M. Sequence-Defined Tertiary Amine-Based Oligomer Employing a Scalable, Support-Free, and Protection/Deprotection-Free Iterative Strategy. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:65-72. [PMID: 38165126 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Sequence-defined oligomers (SDOs) with their unique monomeric sequence and customizable nature are attracting the attention of researchers globally. The structural and functional diversity attainable in SDOs makes this platform promising, albeit with challenges in the synthesis. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a novel class of SDO by incorporating tertiary amines into the backbone from commercially available inexpensive materials. Tertiary amines were selected due to their various material and biomedical applications. Even though the synthesis and purification of amine compounds are challenging, their various significant applications, such as pharmaceuticals, catalysts, surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, dye intermediates, polymer additives, rubber accelerators, gas treating agents, agriculture, and analytical chemistry, make them fascinating. The synthetic strategy that is designed here is extremely efficient and economical for the scalable synthesis of the SDO and is support-free, protection-deprotection chemistry-free, and catalyst/template-free. Most importantly, no extra design and synthesis of the monomer is required here. The key reactions employed for the SDO synthesis are (i) transformation of the hydroxy group to a halide and (ii) substitution of the halide by the secondary amine units. Including the purifying processes, the multigram synthesis of 4-mer was completed in 12-14 h. The synthetic strategy was established by synthesizing two different sequences of SDOs. The SDOs are characterized by 1H NMR and LC-MS. The tandem MS (MS/MS) experiment was conducted in order to validate the sequences over the SDO chain. Furthermore, the SDO platform was advanced in two ways: (i) by increasing the chain length via attaching a linker, which provides a rapid method for increasing the tertiary amine over the SDO chain, and (ii) postsynthetic modification of SDO with other functional groups, including guanidine for biological importance and a well-known fluorophore dansyl group for material significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Barik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, India
| | - Mintu Porel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, India
- Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Engineering Center, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, India
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3
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Youssef I, Carvin-Sergent I, Konishcheva E, Kebe S, Greff V, Karamessini D, Matloubi M, Ouahabi AA, Moesslein J, Amalian JA, Poyer S, Charles L, Lutz JF. Covalent Attachment and Detachment by Reactive DESI of Sequence-Coded Polymer Taggants. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200412. [PMID: 35803899 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of sequence-defined polymers is an interesting emerging solution for materials identification and traceability. Indeed, a very large amount of identification sequences can be created using a limited alphabet of coded monomers. However, in all reported studies, sequence-defined taggants are usually included in a host material by non-covalent adsorption or entrapment, which may lead to leakage, aggregation or degradation. To avoid these problems, sequence-defined polymers were covalently-attached in the present work to the mesh of model materials, namely acrylamide hydrogels. To do so, sequence-coded polyurethanes containing a disulfide linker and a terminal methacrylamide moiety were synthesized by stepwise solid-phase synthesis. These methacrylamide macromonomers were afterwards copolymerized with acrylamide and bisacrylamide in order to achieve crosslinked hydrogels containing covalently-bound polyurethane taggants. It is shown herein that these taggants can be selectively detached from the hydrogel mesh by reactive desorption electrospray ionization. Using dithiothreitol the disulfide linker that link the taggant to the gel can be selectively cleaved. Ultimately, the released taggants can be decoded by tandem mass spectrometry. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itab Youssef
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67034, France
| | - Isaure Carvin-Sergent
- CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille Cedex 20, 13397, France
| | - Evgeniia Konishcheva
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67034, France
| | - Seydina Kebe
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67034, France
| | - Vincent Greff
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67034, France
| | - Denise Karamessini
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67034, France
| | - Maziar Matloubi
- Polysecure GmbH, Sankt-Georgener Str. 19, Freiburg, 79111, Germany
| | - Abdelaziz Al Ouahabi
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67034, France.,Polysecure GmbH, Sankt-Georgener Str. 19, Freiburg, 79111, Germany
| | - Jochen Moesslein
- Polysecure GmbH, Sankt-Georgener Str. 19, Freiburg, 79111, Germany
| | - Jean-Arthur Amalian
- CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille Cedex 20, 13397, France
| | - Salomé Poyer
- CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille Cedex 20, 13397, France
| | - Laurence Charles
- CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille Cedex 20, 13397, France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67034, France
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4
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Song Y, Sun C, Tian C, Ming H, Wang Y, Liu W, He N, He X, Ding M, Li J, Luo F, Tan H, Fu Q. Precisely synthesized segmented polyurethanes toward block sequence-controlled drug delivery. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5353-5362. [PMID: 35655572 PMCID: PMC9093123 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06457f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The construction of polyurethanes (PUs) with sequence-controlled block structures remains a serious challenge. Here, we report the precise synthesis of PUs with desirable molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distribution, and controlled block sequences from commercially available monomers. The synthetic procedure is derived from a liquid-phase synthetic methodology, which involves diisocyanate-based iterative protocols in combination with a convergent strategy. Furthermore, a pair of multifunctional PUs with different sequence orders of cationic and anion segments were prepared. We show that the sequence order of functional segments presents an impact on the self-assembly behavior and results in unexpected surface charges of assembled micelles, thereby affecting the protein absorption, cell internalization, biodistribution and antitumor effect of the nanocarriers in vitro and in vivo. This work provides a versatile platform for the development of precise multiblock PUs with structural complexity and functional diversity, and will greatly facilitate the clinical translation of PUs in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Song
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Chuandong Sun
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Chenxu Tian
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Hao Ming
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Wenkai Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Nan He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Xueling He
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sichuan University, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Mingming Ding
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Jiehua Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Feng Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Hong Tan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
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5
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Maruyama K, Kanazawa A, Aoshima S. ABC-Type Periodic Terpolymer Synthesis by a One-Pot Approach Consisting of Oxirane- and Carbonyl-Derived Cyclic Acetal Generation and Subsequent Living Cationic Alternating Copolymerization with a Vinyl Monomer. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Maruyama
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Arihiro Kanazawa
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Sadahito Aoshima
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nerantzaki
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS Institut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess Strasbourg Cedex 2 67034 France
| | - Jean‐François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS Institut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess Strasbourg Cedex 2 67034 France
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7
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Higuchi M, Kanazawa A, Aoshima S. Unzipping and scrambling
reaction‐induced
sequence control of copolymer chains via temperature changes during cationic
ring‐opening
copolymerization of cyclic acetals and cyclic esters. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Higuchi
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka Japan
| | - Arihiro Kanazawa
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka Japan
| | - Sadahito Aoshima
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka Japan
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8
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Ousaka N, Endo T. One-Pot Nonisocyanate Synthesis of Sequence-Controlled Poly(hydroxy urethane)s from a Bis(six-membered cyclic carbonate) and Two Different Diamines. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ousaka
- Molecular Engineering Institute, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Molecular Engineering Institute, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
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9
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Louwsma J, Carvalho A, Lutz JF, Joly S, Chan-Seng D. Adsorption of phenylalanine-rich sequence-defined oligomers onto Kevlar fibers for fiber-reinforced polyolefin composite materials. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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10
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Launay K, Amalian J, Laurent E, Oswald L, Al Ouahabi A, Burel A, Dufour F, Carapito C, Clément J, Lutz J, Charles L, Gigmes D. Precise Alkoxyamine Design to Enable Automated Tandem Mass Spectrometry Sequencing of Digital Poly(phosphodiester)s. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Launay
- Aix Marseille Université CNRS Institute for Radical Chemistry UMR 7273 23 Av Escadrille Nomandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Jean‐Arthur Amalian
- Aix Marseille Université CNRS Institute for Radical Chemistry UMR 7273 23 Av Escadrille Nomandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Eline Laurent
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS Institut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Laurence Oswald
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS Institut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Abdelaziz Al Ouahabi
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS Institut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Alexandre Burel
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO) IPHC 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Florent Dufour
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS Institut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO) IPHC 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Christine Carapito
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO) IPHC 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Jean‐Louis Clément
- Aix Marseille Université CNRS Institute for Radical Chemistry UMR 7273 23 Av Escadrille Nomandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Jean‐François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS Institut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Université CNRS Institute for Radical Chemistry UMR 7273 23 Av Escadrille Nomandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Université CNRS Institute for Radical Chemistry UMR 7273 23 Av Escadrille Nomandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
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11
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Roszak I, Oswald L, Al Ouahabi A, Bertin A, Laurent E, Felix O, Carvin-Sergent I, Charles L, Lutz JF. Synthesis and sequencing of informational poly(amino phosphodiester)s. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01052b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of main-chain tertiary amines in digital poly(phosphodiester)s allows synthesis of molecularly-defined achiral polymers and simplifies tandem mass spectrometry sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Roszak
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Laurence Oswald
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Abdelaziz Al Ouahabi
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Annabelle Bertin
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry − Organic Chemistry, Free University Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eline Laurent
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Olivier Felix
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Isaure Carvin-Sergent
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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12
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Abstract
This review offers a summary on the advances in the construction of 1,2,3-triazole-based sequence-defined oligomers and polymers through MAAC-based ISG or IEG strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Shengtao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
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13
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Reith MA, Kardas S, Mertens C, Fossépré M, Surin M, Steinkoenig J, Du Prez FE. Using nickel to fold discrete synthetic macromolecules into single-chain nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00229e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-defined macromolecules were prepared with a thiolactone-based platform whereby ligand functionalities were introduced along the backbone enabling a nickel induced formation of single-chain nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Reith
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Sinan Kardas
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc 20, Mons B-7000, Belgium
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Chiel Mertens
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Fossépré
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc 20, Mons B-7000, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc 20, Mons B-7000, Belgium
| | - Jan Steinkoenig
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
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14
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Frölich M, Hofheinz D, Meier MAR. Reading mixtures of uniform sequence-defined macromolecules to increase data storage capacity. Commun Chem 2020; 3:184. [PMID: 36703345 PMCID: PMC9814948 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the field of molecular data storage has emerged from a niche to a vibrant research topic. Herein, we describe a simultaneous and automated read-out of data stored in mixtures of sequence-defined oligomers. Therefore, twelve different sequence-defined tetramers and three hexamers with different mass markers and side chains are successfully synthesised via iterative Passerini three-component reactions and subsequent deprotection steps. By programming a straightforward python script for ESI-MS/MS analysis, it is possible to automatically sequence and thus read-out the information stored in these oligomers within one second. Most importantly, we demonstrate that the use of mass-markers as starting compounds eases MS/MS data interpretation and furthermore allows the unambiguous reading of sequences of mixtures of sequence-defined oligomers. Thus, high data storage capacity considering the field of synthetic macromolecules (up to 64.5 bit in our examples) can be obtained without the need of synthesizing long sequences, but by mixing and simultaneously analysing shorter sequence-defined oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliane Frölich
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dennis Hofheinz
- Department of Computer Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 6, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael A R Meier
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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15
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Nanjan P, Jose A, Thurakkal L, Porel M. Sequence-Defined Dithiocarbamate Oligomers via a Scalable, Support-free, Iterative Strategy. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pandurangan Nanjan
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678577, India
| | - Anna Jose
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678577, India
| | - Liya Thurakkal
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678577, India
| | - Mintu Porel
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678577, India
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16
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Launay K, Amalian J, Laurent E, Oswald L, Al Ouahabi A, Burel A, Dufour F, Carapito C, Clément J, Lutz J, Charles L, Gigmes D. Precise Alkoxyamine Design to Enable Automated Tandem Mass Spectrometry Sequencing of Digital Poly(phosphodiester)s. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:917-926. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Launay
- Aix Marseille Université CNRS Institute for Radical Chemistry UMR 7273 23 Av Escadrille Nomandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Jean‐Arthur Amalian
- Aix Marseille Université CNRS Institute for Radical Chemistry UMR 7273 23 Av Escadrille Nomandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Eline Laurent
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS Institut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Laurence Oswald
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS Institut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Abdelaziz Al Ouahabi
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS Institut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Alexandre Burel
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO) IPHC 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Florent Dufour
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS Institut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO) IPHC 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Christine Carapito
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO) IPHC 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Jean‐Louis Clément
- Aix Marseille Université CNRS Institute for Radical Chemistry UMR 7273 23 Av Escadrille Nomandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Jean‐François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS Institut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Université CNRS Institute for Radical Chemistry UMR 7273 23 Av Escadrille Nomandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Université CNRS Institute for Radical Chemistry UMR 7273 23 Av Escadrille Nomandie-Niemen 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
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17
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Cavallo G, Clément JL, Gigmes D, Charles L, Lutz JF. Selective Bond Cleavage in Informational Poly(Alkoxyamine Phosphodiester)s. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000215. [PMID: 32449253 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The collision-induced dissociation (CID) of sequence-defined poly(alkoxyamine phosphodiester)s is studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. These informational polymers are synthesized using three different nitroxide building blocks, namely proxyl-, SG1-, and TEMPO-derivatives. For a polymer containing TEMPO- and SG1-based main chain alkoxyamines, it is found that both types of alkoxyamines break in CID tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). However, SG1-sites are preferentially cleaved and this predominance can be increased by reducing collision energy, even though selective bond fragmentation is not observed. On the other hand, for a polymer containing proxyl- and SG1-alkoxyamines, selective bond cleavage is observed at all studied collision energies. The SG1-alkoxyamines can be first cleaved in MS/MS conditions and secondly the proxyl-alkoxyamines in pseudo-MS3 conditions. These results open up interesting new avenues for the design of readable, erasable or programmable informational polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Cavallo
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67034, France
| | - Jean-Louis Clément
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, Marseille, Cedex 20 13397, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, Marseille, Cedex 20 13397, France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, Marseille, Cedex 20 13397, France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg Cedex 2, 67034, France
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18
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Well-Defined Conjugated Macromolecules Based on Oligo(Arylene Ethynylene)s in Sensing. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8050539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macromolecules with well-defined structures in terms of molar mass and monomer sequence became interesting building blocks for modern materials. The precision of the macromolecular structure makes fine-tuning of the properties of resulting materials possible. Conjugated macromolecules exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties that make them exceptional candidates for sensor construction. The importance of chain length and monomer sequence is particularly important in conjugated systems. The oligomer length, monomer sequence, and structural modification often influence the energy bang gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the molecules that reflect in their properties. Moreover, the supramolecular aggregation that is often observed in oligo-conjugated systems is usually strongly affected by even minor structural changes that are used for sensor designs. This review discusses the examples of well-defined conjugated macromolecules based on oligo(arylene ethynylene) skeleton used for sensor applications. Here, exclusively examples of uniform macromolecules are summarized. The sensing mechanisms and importance of uniformity of structure are deliberated.
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19
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Saker Neto N, Jones DJ, Wong WWH. Theoretical Aspects of Iterative Coupling for Linear Oligomers and Polymers. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201900048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolau Saker Neto
- Australian Centre for Advanced PhotovoltaicsSchool of ChemistryBio21 InstituteThe University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - David John Jones
- Australian Centre for Advanced PhotovoltaicsSchool of ChemistryBio21 InstituteThe University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Wallace Wing Ho Wong
- Australian Centre for Advanced PhotovoltaicsSchool of ChemistryBio21 InstituteThe University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton ScienceSchool of ChemistryThe University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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20
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Lutz JF. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Toward Artificial Life-Supporting Macromolecules. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:185-189. [PMID: 35638671 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Terrestrial Life is based on polymers. In all known living organisms, DNA stores genetic information, mutates, self-replicates, and guides the synthesis of messenger molecules. Although the function of nucleic acids is well-understood, the development of artificial macromolecular mimics remains very limited. Laboratory-synthesized nucleic acids still support Life, and some nucleic acids analogues exhibit biological functions. Yet, after hundred years of polymer science, no other type of Life-supporting macromolecule (i.e., non-nucleic acids) has ever been reported. In this context, the aim of the present viewpoint is to discuss important challenges that shall be addressed by polymer chemists to achieve artificial Life. Similarly to DNA, an artificial Life-supporting macromolecule shall store information, transfer information, and mutate. Many tools, such as sequence-defined polymer synthesis, polymer modification, supramolecular polymer chemistry, and dynamic chemistry, are already available to chemists to attain these properties. However, the design of artificial Life-supporting macromolecules is hindered by two main factors. First, the chemical search space is enormous, and it is difficult to predict promising structures, even with the help of combinatorial and chemoinformatic tools. Second, rational design is probably a limited approach to achieve macromolecules that shall be involved in nonequilibrium metabolic systems. Hence, a synergic combination of classical polymer chemistry with the more recent field of systems chemistry is probably the key toward the emergence of artificial Life-supporting macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS - UPR 22, Institut Charles Sadron, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
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21
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Ahn SH, Grate JW. Foldamer Architectures of Triazine-Based Sequence-Defined Polymers Investigated with Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Enhanced Sampling Methods. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:9364-9377. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surl-Hee Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jay W. Grate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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22
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Ding K, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Liu B, Shi Q, Hu L, Zhou N, Zhang Z, Zhu X. Easily encodable/decodable digital polymers linked by dithiosuccinimide motif. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Mimura M, Kanazawa A, Aoshima S. ABC Pseudo-Periodic Sequence Control by Cationic Orthogonal Terpolymerization of Vinyl Ether, Oxirane, and Ketone. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maki Mimura
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Arihiro Kanazawa
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Sadahito Aoshima
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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24
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Mondal T, Greff V, Petit BÉ, Charles L, Lutz JF. Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis of " N-Coded" Oligo- and Poly( N-Substituted Urethanes). ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1002-1005. [PMID: 35619476 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-defined poly(N-substituted urethanes) were synthesized via a solid-phase iterative protocol including two successive orthogonal coupling steps: the formation of an activated carbonate and its chemoselective reaction with the secondary amine group of amino alcohol building blocks. This simple method was used to write binary information on the formed polymers using four-coded molecules, 2-(methylamino)ethanol, 2-(ethylamino)ethanol, 2-(propylamino)ethanol, and 2-(butylamino)ethanol, symbolizing binary dyads 00, 01, 10, and 11, respectively. The method is fast and allows synthesis of uniform oligomers and polymers with controlled lengths (4-mer to 28-mer) and digital information sequences. Furthermore, the coded poly(N-substituted urethanes) were easily characterized by electrospray mass spectrometry and decoded by tandem mass spectrometry. Overall, these digital macromolecules offer interesting advantages over conventional sequence-coded polyurethanes, i.e., synthesis of longer chains, reduced synthesis times, and better solubility and processing in common organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathagata Mondal
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Vincent Greff
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Benoît Éric Petit
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, Marseille 13397 Cedex 20, France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
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25
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Konrad W, Fengler C, Putwa S, Barner‐Kowollik C. Schutzgruppenfreie Synthese von sequenzdefinierten Makromolekülen mittels präziser λ‐orthogonaler Photochemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Konrad
- Macromolecular Architectures Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie Karlsruher Institut für Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australien
| | - Christian Fengler
- Macromolecular Architectures Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie Karlsruher Institut für Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australien
| | - Sarrah Putwa
- Macromolecular Architectures Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie Karlsruher Institut für Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie Karlsruher Institut für Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australien
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26
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Austin MJ, Rosales AM. Tunable biomaterials from synthetic, sequence-controlled polymers. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:490-505. [PMID: 30628589 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01215f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric biomaterials have many applications including therapeutic delivery vehicles, medical implants and devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds. Both naturally-derived and synthetic materials have successfully been used for these applications in the clinic. However, the increasing complexity of these applications requires materials with advanced properties, especially customizable or tunable materials with bioactivity. To address this issue, there have been recent efforts to better recapitulate the properties of natural materials using synthetic biomaterials composed of sequence-controlled polymers. Sequence control mimics the primary structure found in biopolymers, and in many cases, provides an extra handle for functionality in synthetic polymers. Here, we first review the advances in synthetic methods that have enabled sequence-controlled biomaterials on a relevant scale, and discuss strategies for choosing functional sequences from a biomaterials engineering context. Then, we highlight several recent studies that show strong impact of sequence control on biomaterial properties, including in vitro and in vivo behavior, in the areas of hydrogels, therapeutic materials, and novel applications such as molecular barcodes for medical devices. The role of sequence control in biomaterials properties is an emerging research area, and there remain many opportunities for investigation. Further study of this topic may significantly advance our understanding of bioactive or smart materials, as well as contribute design rules to guide the development of synthetic biomaterials for future applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah J Austin
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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27
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Konrad W, Fengler C, Putwa S, Barner-Kowollik C. Protection-Group-Free Synthesis of Sequence-Defined Macromolecules via Precision λ-Orthogonal Photochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7133-7137. [PMID: 30888105 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An advanced light-induced avenue to monodisperse sequence-defined linear macromolecules via a unique photochemical protocol is presented that does not require any protection-group chemistry. Starting from a symmetrical core unit, precision macromolecules with molecular weights up to 6257.10 g mol-1 are obtained via a two-monomer system: a monomer unit carrying a pyrene functionalized visible light responsive tetrazole and a photo-caged UV responsive diene, enabling an iterative approach for chain growth; and a monomer unit equipped with a carboxylic acid and a fumarate. Both light-induced chain growth reactions are carried out in a λ-orthogonal fashion, exciting the respective photosensitive group selectively and thus avoiding protecting chemistry. Characterization of each sequence-defined chain (size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and NMR spectroscopy), confirms the precision nature of the macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Konrad
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD, 4000, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christian Fengler
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD, 4000, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarrah Putwa
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD, 4000, Brisbane, Australia
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28
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Wetzel KS, Meier MAR. Monodisperse, sequence-defined macromolecules as a tool to evaluate the limits of ring-closing metathesis. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00438f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-defined macromolecules of uniform size unlock the door to many new applications in polymer chemistry, such as structure/property or structure/activity relationship investigations, which cannot be conducted accurately, if the investigated macromolecules exhibit dispersity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina S. Wetzel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC))
- Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum für Energiesyteme (MZE)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC))
- Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum für Energiesyteme (MZE)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
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29
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Abstract
Sequence-defined polymer: A promising gateway for the next generation polymeric materials and vast opportunities for new synthetic strategies, functional diversity and its material and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mintu Porel
- Discipline of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad
- India
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30
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Holloway JO, Wetzel KS, Martens S, Du Prez FE, Meier MAR. Direct comparison of solution and solid phase synthesis of sequence-defined macromolecules. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00558g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-defined macromolecules of high molecular weight are synthesised by the combination of click chemistry with multicomponent reactions. The synthesis is performed on solid phase as well as in solution to directly compare the two approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua O. Holloway
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Katharina S. Wetzel
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Steven Martens
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Ghent University
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC))
- Materialwissenschaftliches Zentrum für Energiesyteme (MZE)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
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31
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Buchmeiser MR. Functional Precision Polymers via Stereo- and Regioselective Polymerization Using Group 6 Metal Alkylidene and Group 6 and 8 Metal Alkylidene N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800492. [PMID: 30118168 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The concepts of functional precision polymers and the latest accomplishments in their synthesis are summarized. Synthetic concepts based on chain growth polymerization are compared to iterative synthetic approaches. Here, the term "functional precision polymers" refers to polymers that are not solely hydrocarbon-based but contain functional groups and are characterized by a highly ordered primary structure. If insertion polymerization is used for their synthesis, olefin metathesis-based polymerization techniques, that is, ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization, and the regio- and stereoselective cyclopolymerization of α,ω-diynes are almost exclusively applied. Particularly with regio- and stereospecific ROMP and with cyclopolymerization, the synthesis of tactic polymers and copolymers with high regio-, stereo-, and sequence control can be accomplished; however, it requires carefully tailored transition metal catalysts. The fundamental synthetic concepts and strategies are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Buchmeiser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55,, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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32
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Abiotic Sequence‐Coded Oligomers as Efficient In Vivo Taggants for the Identification of Implanted Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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33
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Karamessini D, Simon‐Yarza T, Poyer S, Konishcheva E, Charles L, Letourneur D, Lutz J. Abiotic Sequence‐Coded Oligomers as Efficient In Vivo Taggants for the Identification of Implanted Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10574-10578. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Karamessini
- Université de StrasbourgCNRSInstitut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Teresa Simon‐Yarza
- Université Paris DiderotUniversité Paris 13CHU Bichat, INSERM U1148 46 rue H. Huchard 75018 Paris France
| | - Salomé Poyer
- AixMarseille Univ.CNRSICR UMR7273 13397 Marseille France
| | - Evgeniia Konishcheva
- Université de StrasbourgCNRSInstitut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | | | - Didier Letourneur
- Université Paris DiderotUniversité Paris 13CHU Bichat, INSERM U1148 46 rue H. Huchard 75018 Paris France
| | - Jean‐François Lutz
- Université de StrasbourgCNRSInstitut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
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34
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Shaw JS, Vaiyapuri R, Parker MP, Murray CA, Lim KJC, Pan C, Knappert M, Cardin CJ, Greenland BW, Grau-Crespo R, Colquhoun HM. Elements of fractal geometry in the 1H NMR spectrum of a copolymer intercalation-complex: identification of the underlying Cantor set. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4052-4061. [PMID: 29780534 PMCID: PMC5939609 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00830b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercalation of pyrene into the chain-folds of a binary copolyimide results in a self-similar 1H NMR spectrum.
Sequence-selective intercalation of pyrene into the chain-folds of a random, binary copolyimide under fast-exchange conditions results in the development of self-similar structure in the diimide region of the 1H NMR spectrum. The resulting spectrum can be described by the mathematics of fractals, an approach that is rationalised in terms of a dynamic summation of ring-current shielding effects produced by pyrene molecules intercalating into the chain at progressively greater distances from each “observed” diimide residue. The underlying set of all such summations is found to be a defined mathematical fractal namely the fourth-quarter Cantor set, within which the observed spectrum is embedded. The pattern of resonances predicted by a geometric construction of the fourth-quarter Cantor set agrees well with the observed spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Shaw
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading , RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - Rajendran Vaiyapuri
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading , RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - Matthew P Parker
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading , RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - Claire A Murray
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading , RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - Kate J C Lim
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading , RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - Cong Pan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading , RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - Marcus Knappert
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading , RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - Christine J Cardin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading , RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - Barnaby W Greenland
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading , RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - Ricardo Grau-Crespo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading , RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - Howard M Colquhoun
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading , RG6 6AD , UK .
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35
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Cavallo G, Poyer S, Amalian J, Dufour F, Burel A, Carapito C, Charles L, Lutz J. Cleavable Binary Dyads: Simplifying Data Extraction and Increasing Storage Density in Digital Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6266-6269. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Cavallo
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Institut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Salomé Poyer
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, UMR 7273 Institute of Radical Chemistry 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Jean‐Arthur Amalian
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, UMR 7273 Institute of Radical Chemistry 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Florent Dufour
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Institut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien UMR7178 25 Rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Alexandre Burel
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien UMR7178 25 Rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Christine Carapito
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien UMR7178 25 Rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, UMR 7273 Institute of Radical Chemistry 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Jean‐François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Institut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
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Cavallo G, Poyer S, Amalian J, Dufour F, Burel A, Carapito C, Charles L, Lutz J. Cleavable Binary Dyads: Simplifying Data Extraction and Increasing Storage Density in Digital Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Cavallo
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Institut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Salomé Poyer
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, UMR 7273 Institute of Radical Chemistry 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Jean‐Arthur Amalian
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, UMR 7273 Institute of Radical Chemistry 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Florent Dufour
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Institut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien UMR7178 25 Rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Alexandre Burel
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien UMR7178 25 Rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Christine Carapito
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien UMR7178 25 Rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, UMR 7273 Institute of Radical Chemistry 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Jean‐François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Institut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
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37
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Zhu N, Liu Y, Liu J, Ling J, Hu X, Huang W, Feng W, Guo K. Organocatalyzed chemoselective ring-opening polymerizations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3734. [PMID: 29487371 PMCID: PMC5829214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel metal-free and protecting-group-free synthesis method to prepare telechelic thiol-functionalized polyesters is developed by employing organocatalysis. A scope of Brønsted acids, including trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (1), HCl.Et2O (2), diphenyl phosphate (3), γ-resorcylic acid (4) and methanesulfonic acid (5), are evaluated to promote ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone with unprotected 6-mercapto-1-hexanol as the multifunctional initiator. Among them, diphenyl phosphate (3) exhibits great chemoselectivity and efficiency, which allows for simply synthesis of thiol-terminated poly(ε-caprolactone) with near-quantitative thiol fidelity, full monomer conversion, controlled molecular weight and narrow polydispersity. Kinetic study confirms living/controlled nature of the organocatalyzed chemoselective polymerizations. Density functional theory calculation illustrates that the chemoselectivity of diphenyl phosphate (3) is attributed to the stronger bifunctional activation of monomer and initiator/chain-end as well as the lower energy in hydroxyl pathway than thiol one. Moreover, series of tailor-made telechelic thiol-terminated poly(δ-valerolactone) and block copolymers are efficiently generated under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Yihuan Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Junhua Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Zhejiang Center for Drug & Cosmetic Evaluation, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jun Ling
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Weiyang Feng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China.
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China.
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Zhu N, Huang W, Hu X, Liu Y, Fang Z, Guo K. Enzymatic Continuous Flow Synthesis of Thiol-Terminated Poly(δ-Valerolactone) and Block Copolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700807. [PMID: 29450925 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thiol-terminated poly(δ-valerolactone) is directly synthesized via enzymatic 6-mercapto-1-hexanol initiated ring-opening polymerization in both batch and microreactor. By using Candida antartica Lipase B immobilized tubular reactor, narrowly dispersed poly(δ-valerolactone) with higher thiol fidelity is more efficiently prepared in contrast to the batch reactor. Moreover, the integrated enzyme packed tubular reactor system is established to perform the chain extension experiments. Thiol-terminated poly(δ-valerolactone)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(δ-valerolactone) are easily prepared by modulating the monomer introduction sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Yihuan Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
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Roscales S, Plumet J. Metal-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrile oxides. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8446-8461. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02072h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review recent advances in the metal-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrile oxides are highlighted, covering references from the period 2000 until August 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Roscales
- Universidad Complutense
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Madrid
| | - Joaquín Plumet
- Universidad Complutense
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Madrid
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40
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Wu YH, Zhang J, Du FS, Li ZC. Dual Sequence Control of Uniform Macromolecules through Consecutive Single Addition by Selective Passerini Reaction. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:1398-1403. [PMID: 35650802 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The selective Passerini reactions of 4-formylbenzoic acid and 4-isocyanobenzoic acid with aliphatic isocyanides and aldehydes were utilized to synthesize sequence-defined uniform macromolecules. Our strategy does not involve any protecting groups or reactive group transformation steps and allows direct and consecutive propagation of sequence in each step. Introduction of diverse side groups by using different aliphatic components provided a range of sequence-defined uniform macromolecules in high yield and gram scale. The strategy also allows further Passerini self-coupling or cross-coupling of the formed sequences with other small molecules, affording polymers with up to 5098.3 Da and 20 side groups. Thus, this strategy will show promise for more efficient synthesis of new sequence-defined macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Huan Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics
of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics
of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics
of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zi-Chen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics
of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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41
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Lutz JF. Defining the Field of Sequence-Controlled Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 29160615 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the last ten years, the development of synthetic polymers containing controlled monomer sequences has become a prominent topic in fundamental and applied polymer science. This emerging area is particularly broad and combines classical polymer chemistry tools with techniques imported from other domains such as biology, biochemistry, organic synthesis, engineering, and bioanalytics. Consequently, it also generates new structures, terminologies, and applications that are not within the traditional scope of polymer science. The term "sequence-controlled polymers" (SCPs) was recently proposed as a generic name to describe all these recent trends. However, since the field of SCPs has been growing very rapidly in recent literature, it is urgent to accurately define its scientific frontiers. In this important context, this review is an attempt to define, rationalize, and classify the field of SCPs. In particular, all synthetic approaches that have been reported for the synthesis of SCPs are discussed and categorized. In addition, the characterization tools, properties, and potential applications of these new polymers are described herein. Overall, this review serves as a reference guide for understanding the burgeoning field of SCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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42
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Amalian JA, Al Ouahabi A, Cavallo G, König NF, Poyer S, Lutz JF, Charles L. Controlling the structure of sequence-defined poly(phosphodiester)s for optimal MS/MS reading of digital information. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:788-798. [PMID: 28482377 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Digital polymers are monodisperse chains with a controlled sequence of co-monomers, defined as letters of an alphabet, and are used to store information at the molecular level. Reading such messages is hence a sequencing task that can be efficiently achieved by tandem mass spectrometry. To improve their readability, structure of sequence-controlled synthetic polymers can be optimized, based on considerations regarding their fragmentation behavior. This strategy is described here for poly(phosphodiester)s, which were synthesized as monodisperse chains with more than 100 units but exhibited extremely complex dissociation spectra. In these polymers, two repeating units that differ by a simple H/CH3 variation were defined as the 0 and 1 bit of the ASCII code and spaced by a phosphate moiety. They were readily ionized in negative ion mode electrospray but dissociated via cleavage at all phosphate bonds upon collisional activation. Although allowing a complete sequence coverage of digital poly(phosphodiester)s, this fragmentation behavior was not efficient for macromolecules with more than 50 co-monomers, and data interpretation was very tedious. The structure of these polymers was then modified by introducing alkoxyamine linkages at appropriate location throughout the chain. A first design consisted of placing these low dissociation energy bonds between each monomeric bit: while cleavage of this sole bond greatly simplified MS/MS spectra, efficient sequencing was limited to chains with up to about 50 units. In contrast, introduction of alkoxyamine bonds between each byte (i.e. a set of eight co-monomers) was a more successful strategy. Long messages (so far, up to 8 bytes) could be read in MS3 experiments, where single-byte containing fragments released during the first activation stage were further dissociated for sequencing. The whole sequence of such byte-truncated poly(phosphodiester)s could be easily re-constructed based on a mass tagging system which permits to determine the original location of each byte in the chain. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-A Amalian
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - A Al Ouahabi
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - G Cavallo
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - N F König
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - S Poyer
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - J-F Lutz
- CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - L Charles
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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43
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Martens S, Holloway JO, Du Prez FE. Click and Click-Inspired Chemistry for the Design of Sequence-Controlled Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28990247 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During the previous decade, many popular chemical reactions used in the area of "click" chemistry and similarly efficient "click-inspired" reactions have been applied for the design of sequence-defined and, more generally, sequence-controlled structures. This combination of topics has already made quite a significant impact on scientific research to date and has enabled the synthesis of highly functionalized and complex oligomeric and polymeric structures, which offer the prospect of many exciting further developments and applications in the near future. This minireview highlights the fruitful combination of these two topics for the preparation of sequence-controlled oligomeric and macromolecular structures and showcases the vast number of publications in this field within a relatively short span of time. It is divided into three sections according to the click-(inspired) reaction that has been applied: copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, thiol-X, and related thiolactone-based reactions, and finally Diels-Alder-chemistry-based routes are outlined, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Martens
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joshua O Holloway
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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44
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Karamessini D, Poyer S, Charles L, Lutz JF. 2D Sequence-Coded Oligourethane Barcodes for Plastic Materials Labeling. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Karamessini
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS; Institut Charles Sadron UPR22; 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Salomé Poyer
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7273; Institute of Radical Chemistry; 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7273; Institute of Radical Chemistry; 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS; Institut Charles Sadron UPR22; 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
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45
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Charles L, Cavallo G, Monnier V, Oswald L, Szweda R, Lutz JF. MS/MS-Assisted Design of Sequence-Controlled Synthetic Polymers for Improved Reading of Encoded Information. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1149-1159. [PMID: 27914016 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve their MS/MS sequencing, structure of sequence-controlled synthetic polymers can be optimized based on considerations regarding their fragmentation behavior in collision-induced dissociation conditions, as demonstrated here for two digitally encoded polymer families. In poly(triazole amide)s, the main dissociation route proceeded via cleavage of the amide bond in each monomer, hence allowing the chains to be safely sequenced. However, a competitive cleavage of an ether bond in a tri(ethylene glycol) spacer placed between each coding moiety complicated MS/MS spectra while not bringing new structural information. Changing the tri(ethylene glycol) spacer to an alkyl group of the same size allowed this unwanted fragmentation pathway to be avoided, hence greatly simplifying the MS/MS reading step for such undecyl-based poly(triazole amide)s. In poly(alkoxyamine phosphodiester)s, a single dissociation pathway was achieved with repeating units containing an alkoxyamine linkage, which, by very low dissociation energy, made any other chemical bonds MS/MS-silent. Structure of these polymers was further tailored to enhance the stability of those precursor ions with a negatively charged phosphate group per monomer in order to improve their MS/MS readability. Increasing the size of both the alkyl coding moiety and the nitroxide spacer allowed sufficient distance between phosphate groups for all of them to be deprotonated simultaneously. Because the charge state of product ions increased with their polymerization degree, MS/MS spectra typically exhibited groups of fragments at one or the other side of the precursor ion depending on the original α or ω end-group they contain, allowing sequence reconstruction in a straightforward manner. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Marseille, France.
| | - Gianni Cavallo
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22-CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Monnier
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Fédération des Sciences Chimiques de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Oswald
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22-CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Roza Szweda
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22-CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22-CNRS, Strasbourg, France.
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46
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Tesch M, Kudruk S, Letzel M, Studer A. Orthogonal Click Postfunctionalization of Alternating Copolymers Prepared by Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization. Chemistry 2017; 23:5915-5919. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Tesch
- Organic Chemistry Institute; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Sergej Kudruk
- Organic Chemistry Institute; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Matthias Letzel
- Organic Chemistry Institute; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organic Chemistry Institute; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Wilson
- University of Warwick; Department of Chemistry; Coventry Library Rd CV4 7AL UK
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48
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Abstract
Sequence-defined oligourethanes were transformed into ATRP initiators and used for the synthesis of precision macromolecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Telitel
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Institut Charles Sadron UPR22
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
| | - Benoît Éric Petit
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Institut Charles Sadron UPR22
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
| | - Salomé Poyer
- Aix Marseille Université
- CNRS
- UMR 7273
- Institute of Radical Chemistry
- 13397 Marseille Cedex 20
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Université
- CNRS
- UMR 7273
- Institute of Radical Chemistry
- 13397 Marseille Cedex 20
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Institut Charles Sadron UPR22
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
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Zydziak N, Konrad W, Feist F, Afonin S, Weidner S, Barner-Kowollik C. Coding and decoding libraries of sequence-defined functional copolymers synthesized via photoligation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13672. [PMID: 27901024 PMCID: PMC5141382 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing artificial macromolecules with absolute sequence order represents a considerable challenge. Here we report an advanced light-induced avenue to monodisperse sequence-defined functional linear macromolecules up to decamers via a unique photochemical approach. The versatility of the synthetic strategy-combining sequential and modular concepts-enables the synthesis of perfect macromolecules varying in chemical constitution and topology. Specific functions are placed at arbitrary positions along the chain via the successive addition of monomer units and blocks, leading to a library of functional homopolymers, alternating copolymers and block copolymers. The in-depth characterization of each sequence-defined chain confirms the precision nature of the macromolecules. Decoding of the functional information contained in the molecular structure is achieved via tandem mass spectrometry without recourse to their synthetic history, showing that the sequence information can be read. We submit that the presented photochemical strategy is a viable and advanced concept for coding individual monomer units along a macromolecular chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Zydziak
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Waldemar Konrad
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Florian Feist
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Department of Molecular Biophysics (IGB-2), Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Steffen Weidner
- BAM-Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Fiers G, Chouikhi D, Oswald L, Al Ouahabi A, Chan-Seng D, Charles L, Lutz JF. Orthogonal Synthesis of Xeno Nucleic Acids. Chemistry 2016; 22:17945-17948. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Fiers
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Institut Charles Sadron; 23 rue du Loess, BP84047 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Dalila Chouikhi
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Institut Charles Sadron; 23 rue du Loess, BP84047 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
- Laboratoire de Catalyse et Synthèse en Chimie Organique; Université Abou Bekr Belkaid; BP 119 Pole Imama Bât. B 13000 Tlemcen Algeria
| | - Laurence Oswald
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Institut Charles Sadron; 23 rue du Loess, BP84047 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Abdelaziz Al Ouahabi
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Institut Charles Sadron; 23 rue du Loess, BP84047 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Delphine Chan-Seng
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Institut Charles Sadron; 23 rue du Loess, BP84047 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS; Institute of Radical Chemistry; UMR 7273 Marseille France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Institut Charles Sadron; 23 rue du Loess, BP84047 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
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