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Quiroz-Arturo H, Reinoso C, Scherf U, Palma-Cando A. Microporous Polymer-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes for the Electrochemical Detection of Metronidazole: Experimental and Theoretical Insights. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:180. [PMID: 38251144 PMCID: PMC10819510 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The persistence and potential toxicity of emergent pollutants pose significant threats to biodiversity and human health, emphasizing the need for sensors capable of detecting these pollutants at extremely low concentrations before treatment. This study focuses on the development of glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) modified by films of poly-tris(4-(4-(carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)silanol (PTPTCzSiOH), poly-4,4'-Di(carbazol-9-yl)-1,1'-biphenyl (PCBP), and poly-1,3,5-tri(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (PTCB) for the detection of metronidazole (MNZ) in aqueous media. The films were characterized using electrochemical, microscopy, and spectroscopy techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Monomers were electropolymerized through cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. Computational methods at the B3LYP/def2-TZVP level were employed to investigate the structural and electrochemical properties of the monomers. The electrochemical detection of MNZ utilized the linear sweep voltammetry technique. Surface characterization through SEM and XPS confirmed the proper electrodeposition of polymer films. Notably, MPN-GCEs exhibited higher detection signals compared to bare GCEs up to 3.6 times in the case of PTPTCzSiOH-GCEs. This theoretical study provides insights into the structural, chemical, and electronic properties of the polymers. The findings suggest that polymer-modified GCEs hold promise as candidates for the development of electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Quiroz-Arturo
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100115, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Reinoso
- School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100115, Ecuador
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry and Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials @ Systems (CM@S), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Alex Palma-Cando
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100115, Ecuador
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2
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Rendón-Enríquez I, Palma-Cando A, Körber F, Niebisch F, Forster M, Tausch MW, Scherf U. Thin Polymer Films by Oxidative or Reductive Electropolymerization and Their Application in Electrochromic Windows and Thin-Film Sensors. Molecules 2023; 28:883. [PMID: 36677941 PMCID: PMC9866009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrically conducting and semiconducting polymers represent a special and still very attractive class of functional chromophores, especially due to their unique optical and electronic properties and their broad device application potential. They are potentially suitable as materials for several applications of high future relevance, for example flexible photovoltaic modules, components of displays/screens and batteries, electrochromic windows, or photocatalysts. Therefore, their synthesis and structure elucidation are still intensely investigated. This article will demonstrate the very fruitful interplay of current electropolymerization research and its exploitation for science education issues. Experiments involving the synthesis of conducting polymers and their assembly into functional devices can be used to teach basic chemical and physical principles as well as to motivate students for an innovative and interdisciplinary field of chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibeth Rendón-Enríquez
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Alex Palma-Cando
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Florian Körber
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry and Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials @ Systems (CM@S), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Felix Niebisch
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry and Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials @ Systems (CM@S), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michael Forster
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry and Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials @ Systems (CM@S), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michael W. Tausch
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Education and Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials @ Systems (CM@S), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry and Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials @ Systems (CM@S), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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3
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Anrango-Camacho C, Pavón-Ipiales K, Frontana-Uribe BA, Palma-Cando A. Recent Advances in Hole-Transporting Layers for Organic Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030443. [PMID: 35159788 PMCID: PMC8840354 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Global energy demand is increasing; thus, emerging renewable energy sources, such as organic solar cells (OSCs), are fundamental to mitigate the negative effects of fuel consumption. Within OSC’s advancements, the development of efficient and stable interface materials is essential to achieve high performance, long-term stability, low costs, and broader applicability. Inorganic and nanocarbon-based materials show a suitable work function, tunable optical/electronic properties, stability to the presence of moisture, and facile solution processing, while organic conducting polymers and small molecules have some advantages such as fast and low-cost production, solution process, low energy payback time, light weight, and less adverse environmental impact, making them attractive as hole transporting layers (HTLs) for OSCs. This review looked at the recent progress in metal oxides, metal sulfides, nanocarbon materials, conducting polymers, and small organic molecules as HTLs in OSCs over the past five years. The endeavors in research and technology have optimized the preparation and deposition methods of HTLs. Strategies of doping, composite/hybrid formation, and modifications have also tuned the optical/electrical properties of these materials as HTLs to obtain efficient and stable OSCs. We highlighted the impact of structure, composition, and processing conditions of inorganic and organic materials as HTLs in conventional and inverted OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthya Anrango-Camacho
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100119, Ecuador; (C.A.-C.); (K.P.-I.)
| | - Karla Pavón-Ipiales
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100119, Ecuador; (C.A.-C.); (K.P.-I.)
| | - Bernardo A. Frontana-Uribe
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEMex-UNAM, Carretera Toluca Atlacomulco, Km 14.5, Toluca 50200, Mexico;
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Alex Palma-Cando
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100119, Ecuador; (C.A.-C.); (K.P.-I.)
- Correspondence:
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4
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A novel electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of cadmium and lead using graphite electrodes modified with poly(p-coumaric acid). Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Reductive Electropolymerization and Electrochromism of Iron(II) Complex with Styrene-Based Ligand. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14174831. [PMID: 34500920 PMCID: PMC8432686 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The benzimidazole-based ligand containing polymerizable styrene group has been prepared via condensation of picolinaldehyde derivative containing styrene moiety and benzimidazole-based hydrazine. The ligand reacted with iron(II) tetrafluoroborate and iron(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate giving red-brown complexes of Fe(II) ions of formula [FeL2]X2, where X = CF3SO3− (1) or BF4− (2). Reductive electropolymerization was used to obtain a thin layer of the polymeric complex, poly-1. Further investigation of electrochemical properties of the compound by cyclic voltammetry showed two quasi-reversible redox processes assigned to electrooxidation and electroreduction of the polymer. Spectroelectrochemical measurements confirmed that the polymer undergoes the color changes during oxidation and reduction process. The polymer in its neutral state (Fe(II)) is yellow and it exhibits absorption band at 370 nm, after oxidation to Fe(III) state absorption band shifts to 350 nm and the polymer is almost colorless. While the metal ions are reduced to Fe(I) absorption band at around 410 nm has been observed and the polymer changed its color to intense yellow. The stability of the polymer during multiple oxidation/reduction cycles has also been investigated.
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6
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Recent progress in conjugated microporous polymers for clean energy: Synthesis, modification, computer simulations, and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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7
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Liu Z, Yin Y, Eginligil M, Wang L, Liu J, Huang W. Two-dimensional conjugated microporous polymer films: fabrication strategies and potential applications. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01368d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the latest advances in the preparation and application of two-dimensional conjugated microporous polymers, as well as the future research directions of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Yuhang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Mustafa Eginligil
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Laiyuan Wang
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)
- Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU)
- Xi'an 710072
- China
| | - Juqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)
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8
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Minudri D, Orlandi S, Cavazzini M, Rossi S, Marzari G, Cavallo P, Fernandez L, Fungo F, Pozzi G. Electron Donor‐Acceptor Spirobi[cyclopenta[2,1‐
b
: 3,4‐
b′
]dithiophene] Derivatives as Precursors of Electrodeposited Regioregular Thiophene‐based Polymers. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Minudri
- IITEMA, UNRC-CONICET Departamento de Química Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal 3 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Argentina
| | - Simonetta Orlandi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) via C. Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Marco Cavazzini
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) via C. Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano via C. Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Gabriela Marzari
- IITEMA, UNRC-CONICET Departamento de Química Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal 3 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Argentina
| | - Pablo Cavallo
- IITEMA, UNRC-CONICET Departamento de Química Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal 3 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Argentina
| | - Luciana Fernandez
- IITEMA, UNRC-CONICET Departamento de Química Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal 3 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Argentina
| | - Fernando Fungo
- IITEMA, UNRC-CONICET Departamento de Química Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto Agencia Postal 3 X5804BYA Río Cuarto Argentina
| | - Gianluca Pozzi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) via C. Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
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9
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Investigation of the microporous organization of 1,2-disubstituted polyacetylenes using low-temperature argon sorption and small-angle X-ray scattering. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-00437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Koyuncu S, Hu P, Li Z, Liu R, Bilgili H, Yagci Y. Fluorene–Carbazole-Based Porous Polymers by Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sermet Koyuncu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Peng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ren Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hakan Bilgili
- Central Research Laboratories, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, 21589 Jeddah, SaudiArabia
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11
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Palma-Cando A, Rendón-Enríquez I, Tausch M, Scherf U. Thin Functional Polymer Films by Electropolymerization. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9081125. [PMID: 31382661 PMCID: PMC6723103 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) have been widely utilized in organic electronics, actuators, electrochromic devices, and sensors. Many potential applications demand the formation of thin polymer films, which can be generated by electrochemical polymerization. Electrochemical methods are quite powerful and versatile and can be utilized for investigation of ICPs, both for educational purposes and materials chemistry research. In this study, we show that potentiodynamic and potentiostatic techniques can be utilized for generating and characterizing thin polymer films under the context of educational chemistry research and state-of-the-art polymer research. First, two well-known bifunctional monomers (with only two linking sites)-aniline and bithiophene-and their respective ICPs-polyaniline (PANI) and polybithiophene (PBTh)-were electrochemically generated and characterized. Tests with simple electrochromic devices based on PANI and PBTh were carried out at different doping levels, where changes in the UV-VIS absorption spectra and color were ascribed to changes in the polymer structures. These experiments may attract students' interest in the electrochemical polymerization of ICPs as doping/dedoping processes can be easily understood from observable color changes to the naked eye, as shown for the two polymers. Second, two new carbazole-based multifunctional monomers (with three or more linking sites)-tris(4-(carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)silanol (TPTCzSiOH) and tris(3,5-di(carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)silanol (TPHxCzSiOH)-were synthesized to produce thin films of cross-linked polymer networks by electropolymerization. These thin polymer films were characterized by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) experiments and nitrogen sorption, and the results showed a microporous nature with high specific surface areas up to 930 m2g-1. PTPHxCzSiOH-modified glassy carbon electrodes showed an enhanced electrochemical response to nitrobenzene as prototypical nitroaromatic compound compared to unmodified glassy carbon electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Palma-Cando
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Universidad Yachay Tech, EC100115 Urcuqui, Ecuador.
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Ibeth Rendón-Enríquez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Education, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michael Tausch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Education, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
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12
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Palma-Cando A, Frontana-Uribe BA, Varela-Guerrero V. Relationship between Charge Transfer Diffusion Coefficients and Doping Level for electro generated thin PEDOT films on ITO. BIONATURA 2019. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/cs/2019.02.01.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Thin films of poly-3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT) were electrodeposited on transparent electrodes of indium tin oxide (ITO) using potentiostatic regime. These films had thicknesses ranging from 15 nm to 60 nm and were studied using UV-vis absorption and chronoamperometric techniques in monomer-free tetrabutylammonium perchlorate/acetonitrile solutions. The charge transfer diffusion coefficient (D) of the films were calculated using Cottrell model for a wide range of potential steps from −1.60 to 1.60 V vs. Ag°/AgNO3. For p-doped films, the highest diffusion coefficients were obtained when a potential of 0.70 V was applied. Moreover, a direct relationship between film thickness and their diffusion coefficients was found for thin PEDOT films showing D values up to 1.4 × 10−9 cm2 s−1 for 60 nm thickness films. These values are remarkably higher than the D of 1.8 × 10−11 cm2 s−1 obtained for spin-coated PEDOT: PSS films of similar thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Palma-Cando
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Yachay Tech, 100115 Urcuquí, Ecuador b Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEMex-UNAM, 50200 Toluca, México
| | - Bernardo A. Frontana-Uribe
- b Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEMex-UNAM, 50200 Toluca, México. c Instituto de Química – UNAM, Circuito exterior S/N Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Victor Varela-Guerrero
- Instituto de Química – UNAM, Circuito exterior S/N Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, México
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Suresh VM, Scherf U. Electrochemically Generated Conjugated Microporous Polymer Network Thin Films for Chemical Sensor Applications. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata M. Suresh
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
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14
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Zhang RR, Yin Q, Liang HP, Chen Q, Luo WH, Han BH. Hypercrosslinked porous polycarbazoles from carbazolyl-bearing aldehydes or ketones. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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Chen Q, Han BH. Microporous Polycarbazole Materials: From Preparation and Properties to Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800040. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea; Hainan University; Haikou 570228 China
| | - Bao-Hang Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
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16
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Xu L. Design of Open-Shell π-Conjugated Microporous Polymer Film with Super-High Conductivity. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lai Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices; Soochow University; 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
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17
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Hsiao SH, Chen YZ. Electrosynthesis of redox-active and electrochromic polymer films from triphenylamine-cored star-shaped molecules end-capped with arylamine groups. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Wang Y, Zhang S, Wu J, Liu K, Li D, Meng Q, Zhu G. Electropolymerization Porous Aromatic Framework Film As a Hole-Transport Layer for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Superior Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:43688-43695. [PMID: 29182301 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PAF-86 film is electropolymerized (EP) by targeted monomer M1 tethered bifunctional carbozolyl moieties which not only serve in electron donation but also provide effective electrochemical (EC) active sites. The resulting PAF-86 film possesses a fairly compact surface, remarkable stability, efficient hole extraction capacity, and hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for inverted heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Likewise, our investigation shows that PAF-86 film based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) retained about 80% power conversion efficiency (PCE) without encapsulation in air, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) based PSCs devices reduce to 4% under the same conditions. More impressively, the electropolymerization approach is convenient, controlled, and operated at ambient conditions which elude post heat-treatments and are appropriate for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Shuhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Jionghua Wu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kuan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qingbo Meng
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University , Changchun 130024, China
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19
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Hsiao SH, Lu HY. Electrosynthesis of Aromatic Poly(amide-amine) Films from Triphenylamine-Based Electroactive Compounds for Electrochromic Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E708. [PMID: 30966007 PMCID: PMC6418588 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two electropolymerizable monomers with a methoxytriphenylamine core linked via amide groups to two triphenylamine (TPA) or N-phenylcarbazole (NPC) terminal groups, namely 4,4'-bis(4-diphenylaminobenzamido)-4''-methoxytriphenylamine (MeOTPA-(TPA)₂) and 4,4'-bis(4-(carbazol-9-yl)benzamido)-4''-methoxytriphenylamine (MeOTPA-(NPC)₂), were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical polymerization reactions of these MeOTPA-cored monomers over indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode allow the generation of electroactive poly(amide-amine) films. The electro-generated polymer films exhibited reversible redox processes and multi-colored electrochromic behaviors upon electro-oxidation, together with moderate coloration efficiency and cycling stability. The optical density changes (ΔOD) were observed in the range of 0.18⁻0.68 at specific absorption maxima, with the calculated coloration efficiencies of 42⁻123 cm²/C. Single-layer electrochromic devices using the electrodeposited polymer films as active layers were fabricated for the preliminary investigation of their electrochromic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Huei Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chunghsiao East Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Hsing-Yi Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chunghsiao East Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
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20
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Pander P, Swist A, Zassowski P, Soloducho J, Lapkowski M, Data P. Electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry of polymers based on D-A-D and D-D-D bis(N-carbazolyl) monomers, effect of the donor/acceptor core on their properties. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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21
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Hsiao SH, Liao YC. Facile Synthesis of Electroactive and Electrochromic Triptycene Poly(ether-imide)s Containing Triarylamine Units via Oxidative Electro-Coupling. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9100497. [PMID: 30965800 PMCID: PMC6418647 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Two bisimide compounds, TPA–TPDI and NPC–TPDI, consisting of a triptycene core and two triphenylamine (TPA) or N-phenylcarbazole (NPC) end groups were successfully synthesized by the condensation reactions from 1,4-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)triptycene dianhydride with 4-aminotriphenylamine and N-(4-aminophenyl)carbazole, respectively. These two monomers could polymerize electrochemically via the oxidative coupling reactions of triarylamine units. The electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties of the electro-generated triptycene poly(ether-imide)s (TPA–TPPI and NPC–TPPI) were studied. Both polymers have two colored oxidation states, and TPA–TPPI showed better electrochromic performance than NPC–TPPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Huei Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chunghsiao East Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chunghsiao East Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
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22
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Catalyst- and solvent-free, thermal generation of microporous polymer networks. Sci China Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-017-9047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Redox-active and electrochromic polymers from triarylamine end-capped, 2,7-bis(diphenylamino)naphthalene-cored dicarboxamides. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Chen Z, Chen M, Yu Y, Wu L. Robust synthesis of free-standing and thickness controllable conjugated microporous polymer nanofilms. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1989-1992. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09763d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new polymerization strategy based on Sonogashira–Hagihara reaction and Schiff-base reaction at oil–water interfaces is developed to synthesize free-standing and thickness controllable conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) nanofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Yanlei Yu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
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25
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Chaoui N, Trunk M, Dawson R, Schmidt J, Thomas A. Trends and challenges for microporous polymers. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:3302-3321. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00071e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent trends and challenges for the emerging materials class of microporous polymers are reviewed. See the main article for graphical abstract image credits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chaoui
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Matthias Trunk
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Robert Dawson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
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26
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Liu H, Li Q, Li Q, Jin W, Li X, Hameed A, Qiao S. Rational skeletal rigidity of conjugated microporous polythiophenes for gas uptake. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01268c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A step by step increase of the skeleton rigidity of the polythiophene networks P-TTT, P-THIDT and P-DTBDT by monomer design. The monomers’ rigidity had intense influence on the stacking morphology and porosity structure of the obtained polythiophenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050000
- China
| | - Qiqi Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050000
- China
| | - Wang Jin
- Institute of Chemical Industry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050000
- China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050000
- China
| | - Abdul Hameed
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Shanlin Qiao
- Institute of Chemical Industry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050000
- China
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27
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Palma-Cando A, Preis E, Scherf U. Silicon- or Carbon-Cored Multifunctional Carbazolyl Monomers for the Electrochemical Generation of Microporous Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Palma-Cando
- Macromolecular
Chemistry
Group, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Eduard Preis
- Macromolecular
Chemistry
Group, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular
Chemistry
Group, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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28
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Sun JK, Antonietti M, Yuan J. Nanoporous ionic organic networks: from synthesis to materials applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:6627-6656. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00597g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent progress made in the study of the synthesis of nanoporous ionic organic networks (NIONs) and their promising applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ke Sun
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Colloid Chemistry
- D-14424 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Colloid Chemistry
- D-14424 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Colloid Chemistry
- D-14424 Potsdam
- Germany
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