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Rajput SK, Mothika VS. Powders to Thin Films: Advances in Conjugated Microporous Polymer Chemical Sensors. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300730. [PMID: 38407503 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Chemical sensing of harmful species released either from natural or anthropogenic activities is critical to ensuring human safety and health. Over the last decade, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been proven to be potential sensor materials with the possibility of realizing sensing devices for practical applications. CMPs found to be unique among other porous materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) due to their high chemical/thermal stability, high surface area, microporosity, efficient host-guest interactions with the analyte, efficient exciton migration along the π-conjugated chains, and tailorable structure to target specific analytes. Several CMP-based optical, electrochemical, colorimetric, and ratiometric sensors with excellent selectivity and sensing performance were reported. This review comprehensively discusses the advances in CMP chemical sensors (powders and thin films) in the detection of nitroaromatic explosives, chemical warfare agents, anions, metal ions, biomolecules, iodine, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with simultaneous delineation of design strategy principles guiding the selectivity and sensitivity of CMP. Preceding this, various photophysical mechanisms responsible for chemical sensing are discussed in detail for convenience. Finally, future challenges to be addressed in the field of CMP chemical sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Venkata Suresh Mothika
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
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Xu J, Wang J, Bakr OM, Hadjichristidis N. Controlling the Fluorescence Performance of AIE Polymers by Controlling the Polymer Microstructure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217418. [PMID: 36652122 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) polymers with expected emission wavelength/color and fluorescence efficiency are valuable in applications. However, most AIE polymers exhibit irregular emission wavelength/color changes compared to the original AIE monomers. Here, we report the synthesis of AIE polymers with unchanged emission wavelength by ring-opening (co)polymerizations of 4-(triphenylethenyl)phenoxymethyloxirane (TPEO) and other epoxides or phthalic anhydride. The chemical structures/physical properties of all (co)polymers were characterized by NMR, SEC, MALDI-TOF, and DSC. The co-polyether microstructures were revealed by calculating the reactivity ratios and visualized by Monte Carlo simulation. The photoluminescence quantum yields of all the (co)polymers were determined in the solid state. We systematically correlated the fluorescence performance with molecular weights, crystallinity, monomer compositions, glass transition temperatures, side lengths, and flexibility/rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Xu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiayi Wang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang W, Zuo H, Cheng Z, Shi Y, Guo Z, Meng N, Thomas A, Liao Y. Macroscale Conjugated Microporous Polymers: Controlling Versatile Functionalities Over Several Dimensions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104952. [PMID: 35181945 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since discovered in 2007, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been developed for numerous applications including gas adsorption, sensing, organic and photoredox catalysis, energy storage, etc. While featuring abundant micropores, the structural rigidity derived from CMPs' stable π-conjugated skeleton leads to insolubility and thus poor processability, which severely limits their applicability, e.g., in CMP-based devices. Hence, the development of CMPs whose structure can not only be controlled on the micro- but also on the macroscale have attracted tremendous interest. In conventional synthesis procedures, CMPs are obtained as powders, but in recent years various bottom-up synthesis strategies have been developed, which yield CMPs as thin films on substrates or as hybrid materials, allowing to span length scales from individual conjugated monomers to micro-/macrostructures. This review surveys recent advances on the construction of CMPs into macroscale structures, including membranes, films, aerogels, sponges, and other architectures. The focus is to describe the underlying fabrication techniques and the implications which follow from the macroscale morphologies, involving new chemistry and physics in such materials for applications like molecular separation/filtration/adsorption, energy storage and conversion, photothermal transformation, sensing, or catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hongyu Zuo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhonghua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhengjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Nan Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Arne Thomas
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Sekretariat BA 2, Hardenbergstr. 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yaozu Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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Jiang S, Meng L, Ma W, Qi Q, Zhang W, Xu B, Liu L, Tian W. Morphology controllable conjugated network polymers based on AIE-active building block for TNP detection. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Han T, Wang X, Wang D, Tang BZ. Functional Polymer Systems with Aggregation-Induced Emission and Stimuli Responses. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:7. [PMID: 33428022 PMCID: PMC7797498 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Functional polymer systems with stimuli responses have attracted great attention over the years due to their diverse range of applications. Such polymers are capable of altering their chemical and/or physical properties, such as chemical structures, chain conformation, solubility, shape, morphologies, and optical properties, in response to single or multiple stimuli. Among various stimuli-responsive polymers, those with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties possess the advantages of high sensitivity, fast response, large contrast, excellent photostability, and low background noise. The changes in fluorescence signal can be conveniently detected and monitored using portable instruments. The integration of AIE and stimuli responses into one polymer system provides a feasible and effective strategy for the development of smart polymers with high sensitivity to environmental variations. Here, we review the recent advances in the design, preparation, performance, and applications of functional synthetic polymer systems with AIE and stimuli responses. Various AIE-based polymer systems with responsiveness toward single physical or chemical stimuli as well as multiple stimuli are summarized with specific examples. The current challenges and perspectives on the future development of this research area will also be discussed at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Han
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xinnan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Zhang X, Zhen S, Zhang L, Chai J, Zou L, Xin X, Xu J, Zhang G. The electrosynthesis of highly photofunctional porous polymer PTCPE and the effect of BFEE on its electrochemical polymerization and fluorescence property. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Yasa M, Surmeli S, Depci T, Toppare L, Hacioglu SO. Synthesis of a Multifunctional Quinoxaline and Benzodithiophene Bearing Polymer and Its Electrochromic Device Applications. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Yasa
- Department of Polymer Science and TechnologyMiddle East Technical University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Seher Surmeli
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesIskenderun Technical University 31200 Hatay Turkey
| | - Tolga Depci
- Department of Basic Sciences of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesIskenderun Technical University 31200 Hatay Turkey
| | - Levent Toppare
- Department of Polymer Science and TechnologyMiddle East Technical University 06800 Ankara Turkey
- Department of ChemistryMiddle East Technical University 06800 Ankara Turkey
- The Center for Solar Energy Research and Application (GUNAM)Middle East Technical University 06800 Ankara Turkey
- Department of BiotechnologyMiddle East Technical University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Serife Ozdemir Hacioglu
- Department of Basic Sciences of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesIskenderun Technical University 31200 Hatay Turkey
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Ryu SH, Lee DH, Lee SM, Kim HJ, Ko YJ, Ko KC, Son SU. Morphology engineering of a Suzuki coupling-based microporous organic polymer (MOP) using a Sonogashira coupling-based MOP for enhanced nitrophenol sensing in water. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9515-9518. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05011f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A hollow and hydrophilic Suzuki coupling-based microporous organic polymer was engineered using a Sonogashira coupling based MOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Korea
| | - Doo Hun Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Korea
| | | | - Hae Jin Kim
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Daejeon 34133
- Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
- National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities (NCIRF)
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
| | - Kyoung Chul Ko
- Department of Chemistry Education
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju 61186
- Korea
| | - Seung Uk Son
- Department of Chemistry
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Korea
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