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Ma B, Shi J, Zhang Y, Li Z, Yong H, Zhou YN, Liu S, A S, Zhou D. Enzymatically Activatable Polymers for Disease Diagnosis and Treatment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2306358. [PMID: 37992728 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The irregular expression or activity of enzymes in the human body leads to various pathological disorders and can therefore be used as an intrinsic trigger for more precise identification of disease foci and controlled release of diagnostics and therapeutics, leading to improved diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and therapeutic efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity. Advanced synthesis strategies enable the preparation of polymers with enzymatically activatable skeletons or side chains, while understanding enzymatically responsive mechanisms promotes rational incorporation of activatable units and predictions of the release profile of diagnostics and therapeutics, ultimately leading to promising applications in disease diagnosis and treatment with superior biocompatibility and efficiency. By overcoming the challenges, new opportunities will emerge to inspire researchers to develop more efficient, safer, and clinically reliable enzymatically activatable polymeric carriers as well as prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jiahao Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yuhe Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhili Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Haiyang Yong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sigen A
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Dezhong Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Enzyme-Responsive Hydrogels as Potential Drug Delivery Systems-State of Knowledge and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084421. [PMID: 35457239 PMCID: PMC9031066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast advances in polymer science have provided new hydrogels for applications in drug delivery. Among modern drug formulations, polymeric type stimuli-responsive hydrogels (SRHs), also called smart hydrogels, deserve special attention as they revealed to be a promising tool useful for a variety of pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. In fact, the basic feature of these systems is the ability to change their mechanical properties, swelling ability, hydrophilicity, or bioactive molecules permeability, which are influenced by various stimuli, particularly enzymes. Indeed, among a great number of SHRs, enzyme-responsive hydrogels (ERHs) gain much interest as they possess several potential biomedical applications (e.g., in controlled release, drug delivery, etc.). Such a new type of SHRs directly respond to many different enzymes even under mild conditions. Therefore, they show either reversible or irreversible enzyme-induced changes both in chemical and physical properties. This article reviews the state-of-the art in ERHs designed for controlled drug delivery systems (DDSs). Principal enzymes used for biomedical hydrogel preparation were presented and different ERHs were further characterized focusing mainly on glucose oxidase-, β-galactosidase- and metalloproteinases-based catalyzed reactions. Additionally, strategies employed to produce ERHs were described. The current state of knowledge and the discussion were made on successful applications and prospects for further development of effective methods used to obtain ERH as DDSs.
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Szilágyi BÁ, Némethy Á, Magyar A, Szabó I, Bősze S, Gyarmati B, Szilágyi A. Amino acid based polymer hydrogel with enzymatically degradable cross-links. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hu Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Ding X, Li D, Shen C, Xu FJ. Dual-Crosslinked Amorphous Polysaccharide Hydrogels Based on Chitosan/Alginate for Wound Healing Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800069. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology); Ministry of Education; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology); Ministry of Education; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology); Ministry of Education; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiaokang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology); Ministry of Education; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of PLA; Beijing 100048 China
| | - Chuanan Shen
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of PLA; Beijing 100048 China
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology); Ministry of Education; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
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Ferreira DS, Lin YA, Cui H, Hubbell JA, Reis RL, Azevedo HS. Molecularly engineered self-assembling membranes for cell-mediated degradation. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:602-12. [PMID: 25413155 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of peptide engineering to develop self-assembling membranes that are responsive to cellular enzyme activities is reported. The membranes are obtained by combining hyaluronan (HA) and a rationally designed peptide amphiphile (PA) containing a proteolytic domain (GPQGIWGQ octapeptide) sensitive to matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). Insertion of an octapeptide in a typical PA structure does not disturb its self-assembly into fibrillar nanostructures neither the ability to form membranes with HA. In vitro enzymatic degradation with hyaluronidase and MMP-1 shows that membranes containing the MMP-1 substrate exhibit enhanced enzymatic degradation, compared with control membranes (absence of MMP-1 cleavable peptide or containing a MMP-1 insensitive sequence), being completely degraded after 7 days. Cell viability and proliferation is minimally affected by the enzymatically cleavable functionality of the membrane, but the presence of MMP-1 cleavable sequence does stimulate the secretion of MMP-1 by fibroblasts and interfere with matrix deposition, particularly the deposition of collagen. By showing cell-responsiveness to biochemical signals presented on self-assembling membranes, this study highlights the ability of modulating certain cellular activities through matrix engineering. This concept can be further explored to understand the cellular remodeling process and as a strategy to develop artificial matrices with more biomimetic degradation for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S. Ferreira
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909 Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- School of Engineering and Materials Science; Queen Mary, University of London; Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
- Institute for Bioengineering; School of Basic Science; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
| | - Yi-An Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The Johns Hopkins University; 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology; The Johns Hopkins University; 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The Johns Hopkins University; 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology; The Johns Hopkins University; 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Hubbell
- Institute for Bioengineering; School of Basic Science; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
- Institute for Molecular Engineering; University of Chicago; Chicago IL 606037 USA
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909 Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Helena S. Azevedo
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark 4806-909 Taipas Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- School of Engineering and Materials Science; Queen Mary, University of London; Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK
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Ajish JK, Ajish Kumar KS, Subramanian M, Kumar M. d-Glucose based bisacrylamide crosslinker: synthesis and study of homogeneous biocompatible glycopolymeric hydrogels. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09481f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of sugar pendants in glycopolymeric hydrogels to mimic that on the cell surface can be used as a reliable method for the site specific delivery of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juby K. Ajish
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400085, India
| | - K. S. Ajish Kumar
- Bio-Organic Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400085, India
| | | | - Manmohan Kumar
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400085, India
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7
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Improving the cellular invasion into PHEMA sponges by incorporation of the RGD peptide ligand: The use of copolymerization as a means to functionalize PHEMA sponges. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:4917-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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8
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Huang J, Zhao D, Dangaria SJ, Luan X, Diekwisch TGH, Jiang G, Saiz E, Liu G, Tomsia AP. Combinatorial Design of Hydrolytically Degradable, Bone-like Biocomposites Based on PHEMA and Hydroxyapatite. POLYMER 2012; 54:909-919. [PMID: 23525786 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With advantages such as design flexibility in modifying degradation, surface chemistry, and topography, synthetic bone-graft substitutes are increasingly demanded in orthopedic tissue engineering to meet various requirements in the growing numbers of cases of skeletal impairment worldwide. Using a combinatorial approach, we developed a series of biocompatible, hydrolytically degradable, elastomeric, bone-like biocomposites, comprising 60 wt% poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid), poly(HEMA-co-MA), and 40 wt% bioceramic hydroxyapatite (HA). Hydrolytic degradation of the biocomposites is rendered by a degradable macromer/crosslinker, dimethacrylated poly(lactide-b-ethylene glycol-b-lactide), which first degrades to break up 3-D hydrogel networks, followed by dissolution of linear pHEMA macromolecules and bioceramic particles. Swelling and degradation were examined at Hank's balanced salt solution at 37 °C in a 12-week period of time. The degradation is strongly modulated by altering the concentration of the co-monomer of methacrylic acid and of the macromer, and chain length/molecular weight of the macromer. 95% weight loss in mass is achieved after degradation for 12 weeks in a composition consisting of HEMA/MA/Macromer = 0/60/40, while 90% weight loss is seen after degradation only for 4 weeks in a composition composed of HEMA/MA/Macromer = 27/13/60 using a longer chain macromer. For compositions without a co-monomer, only about 14% is achieved in weight loss after 12-week degradation. These novel biomaterials offer numerous possibilities as drug delivery carriers and bone grafts particularly for low and medium load-bearing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Huang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States ; College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Paterson SM, Shadforth AM, Brown DH, Madden PW, Chirila TV, Baker MV. The synthesis and degradation of collagenase-degradable poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-based hydrogels and sponges for potential applications as scaffolds in tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Zelzer M, Todd SJ, Hirst AR, McDonald TO, Ulijn RV. Enzyme responsive materials: design strategies and future developments. Biomater Sci 2012; 1:11-39. [PMID: 32481995 DOI: 10.1039/c2bm00041e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme responsive materials (ERMs) are a class of stimuli responsive materials with broad application potential in biological settings. This review highlights current and potential future design strategies for ERMs and provides an overview of the present state of the art in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa Zelzer
- WestCHEM, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K..
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11
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Zhang Y, Chu D, Zheng M, Kissel T, Agarwal S. Biocompatible and degradable poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) based polymers for biomedical applications. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20403g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Paterson SM, Clark J, Stubbs KA, Chirila TV, Baker MV. Carbohydrate-based crosslinking agents: Potential use in hydrogels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Fomina N, McFearin CL, Sermsakdi M, Morachis JM, Almutairi A. Low power, biologically benign NIR light triggers polymer disassembly. Macromolecules 2011; 44:8590-8597. [PMID: 22096258 PMCID: PMC3215095 DOI: 10.1021/ma201850q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) irradiation can penetrate up to 10 cm deep into tissues and be remotely applied with high spatial and temporal precision. Despite its potential for various medical and biological applications, there is a dearth of biomaterials that are responsive at this wavelength region. Herein we report a polymeric material that is able to disassemble in response to biologically benign levels of NIR irradiation upon two-photon absorption. The design relies on the photolysis of the multiple pendant 4-bromo7-hydroxycoumarin protecting groups to trigger a cascade of cyclization and rearrangement reactions leading to the degradation of the polymer backbone. The new material undergoes a 50% Mw loss after 25 sec of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation by single photon absorption and 21 min of NIR irradiation via two-photon absorption. Most importantly, even NIR irradiation at biologically benign laser power is sufficient to cause significant polymer disassembly. Furthermore, this material is well tolerated by cells both before and after degradation. These results demonstrate for the first time a NIR sensitive material with potential to be used for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Fomina
- Skaggs School Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of NanoEngineering, Materials Science and Engineering and Biomedical Sciences Programs, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Cathryn L. McFearin
- Skaggs School Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of NanoEngineering, Materials Science and Engineering and Biomedical Sciences Programs, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Marleen Sermsakdi
- Skaggs School Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of NanoEngineering, Materials Science and Engineering and Biomedical Sciences Programs, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - José M. Morachis
- Skaggs School Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of NanoEngineering, Materials Science and Engineering and Biomedical Sciences Programs, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Adah Almutairi
- Skaggs School Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of NanoEngineering, Materials Science and Engineering and Biomedical Sciences Programs, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
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Casadio YS, Brown DH, Chirila TV, Kraatz HB, Baker MV. Biodegradation of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and poly{(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-co-[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate]} hydrogels containing peptide-based cross-linking agents. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:2949-59. [PMID: 20961104 DOI: 10.1021/bm100756c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PHEMA-peptide and P[HEMA-co-(MeO-PEGMA)]-peptide conjugate hydrogels [where PHEMA = poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate; PEGMA = poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate] were readily prepared via photoinitiated free-radical polymerization in water. The PHEMA-peptide hydrogels were opaque and had a heterogeneous morphology of interconnected polymer droplets, characteristic of polymers that separate from the aqueous phase during the polymerization experiment. The P[HEMA-co-(MeO-PEGMA)]-peptide conjugates were transparent gels with a homogeneous morphology when formed in water, but when formed in aqueous NaCl solutions the P[HEMA-co-(MeO-PEGMA)]-peptide conjugates were also opaque and exhibited the heterogeneous morphology of interconnected polymer droplets. When incubated in solutions containing activated papain, P[HEMA-co-(MeO-PEGMA)]-peptide conjugates underwent degradation that was characterized by macroscopic changes to sample shape and size, sample weight, and microscopic structure. PHEMA-peptide conjugates did not undergo any significant degradation when incubated with papain, although ninhydrin-staining experiments suggested that some peptide cross-linker groups were cleaved during the incubation. The difference in degradation behavior of PHEMA-peptide and P[HEMA-co-(MeO-PEGMA)]-peptide conjugates is attributed to differences in aqueous solubility of PHEMA and P[HEMA-co-(MeO-PEGMA)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia S Casadio
- Chemistry M313, School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, W.A. 6009, Australia, Nanochemistry Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University of Technology, Kent St, Bentley, W.A. 6102, Australia, Queensland Eye Institute, 41 Annerley Road, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia, Faculty of Science and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia, Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, Chemistry Building 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7, and Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan, ROC
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Degradable Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering – Part I: Synthesis by RAFT Polymerization and Characterization of PHEMA Containing Enzymatically Degradable Crosslinks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbte.6.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A nonapeptide, which is sensitive to enzymatic digestion by collagenase, was modified by the covalent attachment of an acrylamido group at the terminal positions. The functionalized peptide was used as a crosslinking agent during polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) method was used to obtain a polymer (PHEMA) with an average theoretical molecular weight of 4000 Da, containing enzymatically labile peptide crosslinks. The functionalized peptide was analyzed in detail by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. The polymerization reaction was monitored by near infrared spectrometry, while the resulting polymer was analyzed by size exclusion chromatography and solid NMR spectrometry. The peptide-crosslinked PHEMA was subjected to an in-vitro degradation assay in the presence of collagenase. At the highest concentration of enzyme used in the study, a weight loss of 35% was recorded after 60 days of incubation in the collagenolytic medium. This suggests that crosslinking with enzymatically degradable peptides is a valid method for inducing biodegradability in polymers that otherwise are not degradable.
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16
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Design, synthesis, and degradation studies of new enzymatically erodible Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)/poly(ethylene oxide) hydrogels. Biointerphases 2007; 2:131-5. [DOI: 10.1116/1.2799034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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17
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Kitamura T, Matsumoto A. Synthesis of Poly(lactic acid) with Branched and Network Structures Containing Thermally Degradable Junctions. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0621829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Kitamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Akikazu Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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