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Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Peptide Nanostructures for Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154587. [PMID: 34361740 PMCID: PMC8348434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a challenging need for the development of new alternative nanostructures that can allow the coupling and/or encapsulation of therapeutic/diagnostic molecules while reducing their toxicity and improving their circulation and in-vivo targeting. Among the new materials using natural building blocks, peptides have attracted significant interest because of their simple structure, relative chemical and physical stability, diversity of sequences and forms, their easy functionalization with (bio)molecules and the possibility of synthesizing them in large quantities. A number of them have the ability to self-assemble into nanotubes, -spheres, -vesicles or -rods under mild conditions, which opens up new applications in biology and nanomedicine due to their intrinsic biocompatibility and biodegradability as well as their surface chemical reactivity via amino- and carboxyl groups. In order to obtain nanostructures suitable for biomedical applications, the structure, size, shape and surface chemistry of these nanoplatforms must be optimized. These properties depend directly on the nature and sequence of the amino acids that constitute them. It is therefore essential to control the order in which the amino acids are introduced during the synthesis of short peptide chains and to evaluate their in-vitro and in-vivo physico-chemical properties before testing them for biomedical applications. This review therefore focuses on the synthesis, functionalization and characterization of peptide sequences that can self-assemble to form nanostructures. The synthesis in batch or with new continuous flow and microflow techniques will be described and compared in terms of amino acids sequence, purification processes, functionalization or encapsulation of targeting ligands, imaging probes as well as therapeutic molecules. Their chemical and biological characterization will be presented to evaluate their purity, toxicity, biocompatibility and biodistribution, and some therapeutic properties in vitro and in vivo. Finally, their main applications in the biomedical field will be presented so as to highlight their importance and advantages over classical nanostructures.
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Fu Q, Duan C, Yan Z, Li Y, Si Y, Liu L, Yu J, Ding B. Nanofiber-Based Hydrogels: Controllable Synthesis and Multifunctional Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800058. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Textiles; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Cheng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Textiles; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Zishuo Yan
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Textiles; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Textiles; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Yang Si
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Textiles; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Lifang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Textiles; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology; Donghua University; Shanghai 200051 China
| | - Bin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Textiles; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology; Donghua University; Shanghai 200051 China
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Wang B, Zhou W, Chang MW, Ahmad Z, Li JS. Impact of substrate geometry on electrospun fiber deposition and alignment. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Zhou
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Wei Chang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- Leicester School of Pharmacy; De Montfort University, The Gateway; Leicester LE1 9BH United Kingdom
| | - Jing-Song Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
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Jones BH, Wheeler DR, Wheeler JS, Miller LL, Alam TM, Spoerke ED. Isomer-sensitive deboronation in reductive aminations of aryl boronic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jones BH, Martinez AM, Wheeler JS, McKenzie BB, Miller LL, Wheeler DR, Spoerke ED. A multi-stimuli responsive, self-assembling, boronic acid dipeptide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14532-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05207f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Boronic acid-modified phenylalanine dipeptide reversibly assembles into nanoribbon gels, triggered through variations in pH, ionic strength, and unique polyol interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad H. Jones
- Electronic, Optical, and Nano Materials
- Sandia National Laboratories
- Albuquerque
- USA
| | - Alina M. Martinez
- Electronic, Optical, and Nano Materials
- Sandia National Laboratories
- Albuquerque
- USA
| | - Jill S. Wheeler
- Electronic, Optical, and Nano Materials
- Sandia National Laboratories
- Albuquerque
- USA
| | - Bonnie B. McKenzie
- Materials Characterization and Performance
- Sandia National Laboratories
- Albuquerque
- USA
| | - Lance L. Miller
- Materials Reliability
- Sandia National Laboratories
- Albuquerque
- USA
| | | | - Erik D. Spoerke
- Electronic, Optical, and Nano Materials
- Sandia National Laboratories
- Albuquerque
- USA
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Rasale DB, Biswas S, Konda M, Das AK. Exploring thermodynamically downhill nanostructured peptide libraries: from structural to morphological insight. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09490e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocatalytic evolution of thermodynamically downhill nanostructured peptide libraries in hydrogel states are envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sagar Biswas
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore
- India
| | - Maruthi Konda
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore
- India
| | - Apurba K. Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore
- India
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Rasale DB, Maity I, Das AK. In situ generation of redox active peptides driven by selenoester mediated native chemical ligation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:11397-400. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03835e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Redox active peptides synthesized via selenoester mediated native chemical ligation with a propensity to self-assemble in aqueous medium. A gel–sol transition of self-assembled peptide in a reducing environment makes it a versatile candidate for the development of functional biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Indrajit Maity
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore 452017, India
| | - Apurba K. Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore 452017, India
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Chen CS, Xu XD, Li SY, Zhuo RX, Zhang XZ. Photo-switched self-assembly of a gemini α-helical peptide into supramolecular architectures. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:6270-6274. [PMID: 23736848 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01967e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An azobenzene-linked symmetrical gemini α-helical peptide was designed and prepared to realize the light-switched self-assembly. With the reversible molecular structure transition between Z- and U-structures, the morphology of the self-assembled gemini α-helical peptide can reversibly change between nanofibers and nanospheres in acidic medium, and between nanospheres and vesicles in basic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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Bioreducible polypeptide containing cell-penetrating sequence for efficient gene delivery. Pharm Res 2013; 30:1968-78. [PMID: 23604924 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To design excellent polypeptide-based gene vectors and determine the gene delivery efficiency. METHODS Polypeptides (designated as xPolyK6, xPolyK6-R81 and xPolyK6-R82), comprising the DNA condensing and buffering peptide HK6H as well as cell penetrating peptide (CPP) R8 were obtained by the oxidative polymerization of CHK6HC and CR8C at different molar ratios in 4 mL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 30% (v/v) DMSO at room temperature for 96 h. The cytotoxicity of vectors was studied by MTT assay. Moreover, particle size, zeta potential and morphology along with the in vitro transfection efficiency and cellular uptake of vector/plasmid DNA (pDNA) complexes were characterized at various w/w ratios to determine their potential in gene therapy. RESULTS All the vectors presented excellent ability of binding and condensing pDNA, additionally with low cytotoxicity. Simultaneously, transfection efficiency of the vectors appeared apparent dependence on the vector composition. The distinct correlation between the content of CR8C with the transfection efficiency demonstrated the effective improvement in transfection efficacy by the oxidative polymerization. Particularly, xPolyK6-R82 possessed the highest transfection efficiency at a w/w ratio of 50. Furthermore, xPolyK6-R82 also presented the best cellular uptake capability demonstrated by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. CONCLUSIONS Bioreducible polypeptides incorporating with proper amount of CPP are promising as effective non-viral gene vectors in gene therapy.
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Chen CS, Xu XD, Wang Y, Yang J, Jia HZ, Cheng H, Chu CC, Zhuo RX, Zhang XZ. A peptide nanofibrous indicator for eye-detectable cancer cell identification. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:920-926. [PMID: 23225693 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A unique peptide nanofibrous indicator (NFI) is fabricated by mixing a borono-peptide with alizarin red S, followed by subsequent binding and self-assembly. The NFI thus obtained exhibits an intense response to sialyl Lewis X tetrasaccharide, which is overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Importantly, this NFI has the capability of specifically recognizing human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells through the eye-detectable color change resulting from strong binding-induced displacement. This novel technique for cancer cell identification through direct unaided eye judgment will open up an innovative platform for cancer cell detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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Yang J, Wang HY, Yi WJ, Gong YH, Zhou X, Zhuo RX, Zhang XZ. PEGylated peptide based reductive polycations as efficient nonviral gene vectors. Adv Healthc Mater 2013. [PMID: 23184839 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the critical barriers in gene delivery, a series of reducible polycations (RPCs) based on low molecular weight (LMW) peptides, i.e. PolyHK6 H, PolyHK6 H-mPEG1 , PolyHK6 H-mPEG2 , and PolyHK6 H-mPEG3 , with different poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) contents, are synthesized and evaluated as nonviral gene vectors. All the RPCs exhibit lower cytotoxicity compared with 25 kDa polyethyleneimine (PEI) and PEGylated PEI (PEI-mPEG: PEI-mPEG1 , PEI-mPEG2 , and PEI-mPEG3 ). PolyHK6 H-mPEG1 and PolyHK6 H-mPEG2 can bind and condense plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (pDNA) efficiently with a particle size of about 200 nm. Moreover, they display much higher transfection efficiency than that of 25 kDa PEI especially in serum-supplemented medium. Moreover, PolyHK6 H-mPEG1 has equal transfection efficiency with PEI-mPEG1 which is optimal in the PEI-mPEG, but PolyHK6 H-mPEG1 exhibits significantly lower cytotoxicity than PEI-mPEG1 . This is attributed to the fact that inter-peptide disulfide bonds can increase the stability of RPCs/pDNA complexes in extracellular environment and thereafter cleave in cytoplasm to facilitate the release of pDNA in intracellular environment. The PEGylated RPCs demonstrate here improved intracellular gene transfer performance and will have great potential applications in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Wang HY, Yi WJ, Qin SY, Li C, Zhuo RX, Zhang XZ. Tyroserleutide-based gene vector for suppressing VEGF expression in cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2012; 33:8685-94. [PMID: 22925816 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A small interfering RNA (siRNA) plasmid DNA (pYr-1.1-hU6-EGFP-siVEGF) was constructed and used for suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and inhibiting tumor growth. Then, a (tyrosyl-seryl-leucine)-polyethyleneimine-poly(ethylene glycol) (YSL-PEI-PEG) conjugate was designed and synthesized as a gene carrier for the delivery of pYr-1.1-hU6-EGFP-siVEGF plasmid. The therapeutic peptide YSL was conjugated to PEI to improve the anti-cancer efficiency, and the PEG chain was introduced to reduce the serum protein adsorption and improve the stability of the complex in the systemic circulation. It was found that YSL-PEI-PEG could efficiently condense plasmid DNA when the vector/DNA weight ratio was higher than 2. Compared with PEI 25 kDa, YSL-PEI-PEG exhibited higher transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity. More importantly, the results showed that the gene delivery system owned strong ability to inhibit cancer cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. YSL-PEI-PEG has great potential as a gene vector for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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Han K, Yang J, Chen S, Chen JX, Liu CW, Li C, Cheng H, Zhuo RX, Zhang XZ. Novel gene transfer vectors based on artificial recombinant multi-functional oligopeptides. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:555-63. [PMID: 22796172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Viral vectors, except for their safety concern, have shown high efficiency in both delivery and expression of gene. Here, a series of new gene carriers, comprised of short peptide subunits with special functions to imitate viral vectors, were designed and three vectors, (C(18))(2)KH(4)R(8)GDS, AcKH(4)R(8)GDS and (C(18))(2)KH(4)R(8), designated as ARM1, ARM2, ARM3, respectively, were synthesized and evaluated. The transfection efficiency in vitro was studied in terms of 293T, HepG2 and HeLa cell lines. It was found that the transfection efficiency was enhanced significantly for the vectors (ARM1 and ARM3) with double hydrophobic aliphatic tails. Interestingly, the conjugation of RGDS sequence in vectors displayed no obvious difference in cell adhesion for all of the three cell lines. Moreover, confocal laser scanning microscope results indicated that the peptide/pDNA complexes can enter the cell and nuclei successfully. On the other hand, all the vectors displayed low cytotoxicity. The artificial recombinant multi-block oligopeptides (ARMs) demonstrated here might give a promising potential of the peptide-based vectors in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Han
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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Yang J, Lei Q, Han K, Gong YH, Chen S, Cheng H, Cheng SX, Zhuo RX, Zhang XZ. Reduction-sensitive polypeptides incorporated with nuclear localization signal sequences for enhanced gene delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32223d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Yi WJ, Yang J, Li C, Wang HY, Liu CW, Tao L, Cheng SX, Zhuo RX, Zhang XZ. Enhanced Nuclear Import and Transfection Efficiency of TAT Peptide-Based Gene Delivery Systems Modified by Additional Nuclear Localization Signals. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 23:125-34. [DOI: 10.1021/bc2005472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Yi
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Cao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Li Tao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Si-Xue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Xi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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CHEN J, WANG H, XU X, CHEN W, ZHANG X. PEPTIDES AND POLYPEPTIDES FOR GENE AND DRUG DELIVERY. ACTA POLYM SIN 2011. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2011.11100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Qin SY, Xu XD, Chen CS, Chen JX, Li ZY, Zhuo RX, Zhang XZ. Supramolecular Architectures Self-assembled from Asymmetrical Hetero Cyclopeptides. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:758-64. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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