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Jaussaud Q, Ogbu IM, Pawar GG, Grau E, Robert F, Vidil T, Landais Y, Cramail H. Synthesis of polyurethanes through the oxidative decarboxylation of oxamic acids: a new gateway toward self-blown foams. Chem Sci 2024; 15:13475-13485. [PMID: 39183929 PMCID: PMC11339942 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02562h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) thermoplastics and thermosets were prepared through the step-growth polymerization of in situ generated polyisocyanates through the decarboxylation of polyoxamic acids, in the presence of phenyliodine diacetate (PIDA), and polyols. The CO2 produced during the reaction allowed the access to self-blown polyurethane foams through an endogenous chemical blowing. The acetic acid released from ligand exchange at the iodine center was also shown to accelerate the polymerization reaction, avoiding the recourse to an additional catalyst. Changing simple parameters during the production process allowed us to access flexible PU foams with a wide range of properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Jaussaud
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33600 Pessac France
| | - Ikechukwu Martin Ogbu
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 351, Cours de la Libération F-33400 Talence France
| | - Govind Goroba Pawar
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 351, Cours de la Libération F-33400 Talence France
| | - Etienne Grau
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33600 Pessac France
| | - Frédéric Robert
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 351, Cours de la Libération F-33400 Talence France
| | - Thomas Vidil
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33600 Pessac France
| | - Yannick Landais
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 351, Cours de la Libération F-33400 Talence France
| | - Henri Cramail
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629 16 Avenue Pey-Berland F-33600 Pessac France
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Pawlak M, Pobłocki K, Drzeżdżon J, Gawdzik B, Jacewicz D. "Isocyanates and isocyanides - life-threatening toxins or essential compounds?". THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173250. [PMID: 38761928 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Isocyanides and isocyanates are some of the most reactive compounds in organic chemistry, making them perceived as compounds with high potential for use in both the laboratory and industry. With their high reactivity also comes several disadvantages, most notably their potentially high toxicity. The following article is a collection of information on the toxic effects of the isocyanide group on the human body and the environment. Information on the mechanism of how these harmful substances affect living tissues and the environment, worldwide information on how to protect against these chemicals, current regulations, and exposure limits for specific countries is compiled. The latest research on the application uses of isocyanates and isocyanides is also outlined, as well as the latest safer and greener methods and techniques to work with these compounds. Additionally, the presented article can serve as a brief guide to the organic toxicity of a group of isocyanates and isocyanates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pawlak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Technology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Kacper Pobłocki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Technology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Drzeżdżon
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Technology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara Gawdzik
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Dagmara Jacewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Technology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk, Poland.
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Delavarde A, Lemouzy S, Lebrun A, Pinaud J, Caillol S. Paving the Way towards Sustainability of Polyurethanes: Synthesis and Properties of Terpene-Based Diisocyanate. Molecules 2023; 28:7133. [PMID: 37894612 PMCID: PMC10609554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to growing concerns about environmental issues and the decline of petroleum-based resources, the synthesis of new biobased compounds for the polymer industry has become a prominent and timely topic. P-menthane-1,8-diamine (PMDA) is a readily available compound synthesized from turpentine, a cheap mixture of natural compounds isolated from pine trees. PMDA has been extensively used for its biological activities, but it can also serve as a source of valuable monomers for the polymer industry. In this work, commercial PMDA (ca. 85% pure) was purified by salinization, crystallization, and alkali treatment and then converted into p-menthane-1,8-diisocyanate (PMDI) through a phosgene-free synthesis at room temperature. A thorough analytical study using NMR techniques (1H, 13C, 13C-1H HSQC, 13C-1H HMBC, and 1H-1H NOESY) enables the characterization of the cis-trans isomeric mixtures of both PMDA and PMDI. These structural studies allowed for a better understanding of the spatial configuration of both isomers. Then, the reactivity of PMDI with a primary alcohol (benzyl alcohol) was studied in the presence of nine different catalysts exhibiting different activation modes. Finally, the use of PMDI in the synthesis of polyurethanes was explored to demonstrate that PMDI can be employed as a new biobased alternative to petrochemical-based isocyanates such as isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliénor Delavarde
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; (A.D.); (S.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Sebastien Lemouzy
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; (A.D.); (S.L.); (J.P.)
| | | | - Julien Pinaud
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; (A.D.); (S.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France; (A.D.); (S.L.); (J.P.)
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Kim B, Lee J, Bae HY, Son SU, Song C. Supramolecular Phthalimide Networks Via Tandem Diels-Alder Reaction-Aromatization Using Biomass-Derived Furanic Dienes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200711. [PMID: 36281910 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of phthalimide derivatives are important goals for applications in fields such as pharmaceutical science and optoelectronics. In the present study, a facile and convenient synthetic pathway (no heat or acid/catalyst needed) is devised to produce phthalimides from a biomass-derived furan by directly introducing an N-carbamate group at the C-2 position of the furan ring via thermal Curtius rearrangement. The electron-donating N-carbamate group increases the energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital of the furan diene, resulting in a significant increase of the rate of the Diels-Alder reaction with maleimide compared to the conventional furfuryl furan. Interestingly, the Diels-Alder adduct smoothly undergoes aromatization (dehydration) to generate the phthalimide motif. It is shown that the biomass-derived phthalimides can produce supramolecular gels and act as sensors of basic anions like F- and CN- . The novel synthetic pathway to phthalimide derivatives from a biomass-derived furan can potentially be used to develop novel phthalimide motifs for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byounghyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, (16419) 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyen Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, (16419) 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Yong Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, (16419) 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Uk Son
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, (16419) 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsik Song
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, (16419) 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Mouren A, Avérous L. Sustainable cycloaliphatic polyurethanes: from synthesis to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:277-317. [PMID: 36520183 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00509c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethanes (PUs) are a versatile and major polymer family, mainly produced via polyaddition between polyols and polyisocyanates. A large variety of fossil-based building blocks is commonly used to develop a wide range of macromolecular architectures with specific properties. Due to environmental concerns, legislation, rarefaction of some petrol fractions and price fluctuation, sustainable feedstocks are attracting significant attention, e.g., plastic waste and biobased resources from biomass. Consequently, various sustainable building blocks are available to develop new renewable macromolecular architectures such as aromatics, linear aliphatics and cycloaliphatics. Meanwhile, the relationship between the chemical structures of these building blocks and properties of the final PUs can be determined. For instance, aromatic building blocks are remarkable to endow materials with rigidity, hydrophobicity, fire resistance, chemical and thermal stability, whereas acyclic aliphatics endow them with oxidation and UV light resistance, flexibility and transparency. Cycloaliphatics are very interesting as they combine most of the advantages of linear aliphatic and aromatic compounds. This original and unique review presents a comprehensive overview of the synthesis of sustainable cycloaliphatic PUs using various renewable products such as biobased terpenes, carbohydrates, fatty acids and cholesterol and/or plastic waste. Herein, we summarize the chemical modification of the main sustainable cycloaliphatic feedstocks, synthesis of PUs using these building blocks and their corresponding properties and subsequently present their major applications in hot-topic fields, including building, transportation, packaging and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Mouren
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
| | - Luc Avérous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
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Fully Bio-based Furyl-functionalized Bisphenols and Bio-based Cross-linking Poly(aryl ether ketone)s with High Biomass Content, Thermo-reversibility, Excellent Processing and Mechanical Properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Zhang R, Bao F, Weng ZH, Zong LS, Wang JY, Jian XG. A bio-based N-heterocyclic poly(aryl ether ketone) with a high biomass content and superior properties prepared from two derivatives of guaiacol and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Phung Hai TA, Tessman M, Neelakantan N, Samoylov AA, Ito Y, Rajput BS, Pourahmady N, Burkart MD. Renewable Polyurethanes from Sustainable Biological Precursors. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1770-1794. [PMID: 33822601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to the depletion of fossil fuels, higher oil prices, and greenhouse gas emissions, the scientific community has been conducting an ongoing search for viable renewable alternatives to petroleum-based products, with the anticipation of increased adaptation in the coming years. New academic and industrial developments have encouraged the utilization of renewable resources for the development of ecofriendly and sustainable materials, and here, we focus on those advances that impact polyurethane (PU) materials. Vegetable oils, algae oils, and polysaccharides are included among the major renewable resources that have supported the development of sustainable PU precursors to date. Renewable feedstocks such as algae have the benefit of requiring only sunshine, carbon dioxide, and trace minerals to generate a sustainable biomass source, offering an improved carbon footprint to lessen environmental impacts. Incorporation of renewable content into commercially viable polymer materials, particularly PUs, has increasing and realistic potential. Biobased polyols can currently be purchased, and the potential to expand into new monomers offers exciting possibilities for new product development. This Review highlights the latest developments in PU chemistry from renewable raw materials, as well as the various biological precursors being employed in the synthesis of thermoset and thermoplastic PUs. We also provide an overview of literature reports that focus on biobased polyols and isocyanates, the two major precursors to PUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien An Phung Hai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Marissa Tessman
- Algenesis Materials Inc., 1238 Sea Village Drive, Cardiff, California 92007, United States
| | - Nitin Neelakantan
- Algenesis Materials Inc., 1238 Sea Village Drive, Cardiff, California 92007, United States
| | - Anton A Samoylov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Yuri Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Bhausaheb S Rajput
- Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0435, United States
| | - Naser Pourahmady
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Michael D Burkart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States.,Algenesis Materials Inc., 1238 Sea Village Drive, Cardiff, California 92007, United States.,Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0435, United States
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Kuhire SS, Ichake AB, Grau E, Cramail H, Wadgaonkar PP. Synthesis and characterization of partially bio-based polyimides based on biphenylene-containing diisocyanate derived from vanillic acid. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Kuhire SS, Nagane SS, Wadgaonkar PP. Poly(ether urethane)s from aromatic diisocyanates based on lignin-derived phenolic acids. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Kuhire
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; India
| | - Samadhan S Nagane
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; India
| | - Prakash P Wadgaonkar
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; India
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11
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Zhang D, Dumont MJ. Advances in polymer precursors and bio-based polymers synthesized from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daihui Zhang
- Department of Bioresource Engineering; McGill University; 21111 Lakeshore Rd Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue QC H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Dumont
- Department of Bioresource Engineering; McGill University; 21111 Lakeshore Rd Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue QC H9X 3V9 Canada
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12
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Cornille A, Auvergne R, Figovsky O, Boutevin B, Caillol S. A perspective approach to sustainable routes for non-isocyanate polyurethanes. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Louis K, Beauchene E, Vivier L, Dubois JL, Vigier KDO, Pouilloux PY. Reductive Amination of Aldehyde Ester from Vegetable Oils to Produce Amino Ester in the Presence of Anhydrous Ammonia. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Louis
- Université de Poitiers - IC2MP - UMR CNRS 7285; 4, rue Michel Brunet 86022 Poitiers Cedex France
| | - Emmanuel Beauchene
- Université de Poitiers - IC2MP - UMR CNRS 7285; 4, rue Michel Brunet 86022 Poitiers Cedex France
| | - Laurence Vivier
- Université de Poitiers - IC2MP - UMR CNRS 7285; 4, rue Michel Brunet 86022 Poitiers Cedex France
| | - Jean-luc Dubois
- ARKEMA FRANCE; 420 Rue d'Estienne d'Orves 92705 Colombes France
| | | | - Pr. Yannick Pouilloux
- Université de Poitiers - IC2MP - UMR CNRS 7285; 4, rue Michel Brunet 86022 Poitiers Cedex France
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14
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Kuhire SS, Avadhani C, Wadgaonkar PP. New poly(ether urethane)s based on lignin derived aromatic chemicals via A-B monomer approach: Synthesis and characterization. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Rokicki G, Parzuchowski PG, Mazurek M. Non-isocyanate polyurethanes: synthesis, properties, and applications. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Rokicki
- Warsaw University of Technology; Faculty of Chemistry; Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Paweł G. Parzuchowski
- Warsaw University of Technology; Faculty of Chemistry; Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Magdalena Mazurek
- Warsaw University of Technology; Faculty of Chemistry; Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
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Zenner MD, Xia Y, Chen JS, Kessler MR. Polyurethanes from isosorbide-based diisocyanates. CHEMSUSCHEM 2013; 6:1182-1185. [PMID: 23757328 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Benign building blocks: Stereochemically pure diisocyanates were prepared on a multigram scale from succinic anhydride and isosorbide or isomannide. Characterization of polyurethanes that were produced from these diisocyanates revealed low polydispersity, high thermal stability, and stereochemistry-dependent morphology. If biobased succinic anhydride is used, then no stoichiometric petroleum-derived reagents are required in the synthesis of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Zenner
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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van Putten RJ, van der Waal JC, de Jong E, Rasrendra CB, Heeres HJ, de Vries JG. Hydroxymethylfurfural, A Versatile Platform Chemical Made from Renewable Resources. Chem Rev 2013; 113:1499-597. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300182k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2009] [Impact Index Per Article: 182.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert-Jan van Putten
- Avantium Chemicals, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ed de Jong
- Avantium Chemicals, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carolus B. Rasrendra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Hero J. Heeres
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes G. de Vries
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
- DSM Innovative Synthesis BV, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, the Netherlands
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18
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Luo W, Liu J, Ma Y, Zhang B, Yang W. Preparation of polymer nanoparticles from renewable biobased furfuryl alcohol and maleic anhydride by stabilizer-free dispersion polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Tschan MJL, Brulé E, Haquette P, Thomas CM. Synthesis of biodegradable polymers from renewable resources. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py00452f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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