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Prebihalo EA, Luke AM, Reddi Y, LaSalle CJ, Shah VM, Cramer CJ, Reineke TM. Radical ring-opening polymerization of sustainably-derived thionoisochromanone. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5689-5698. [PMID: 37265728 PMCID: PMC10231309 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06040j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the synthesis, characterization and radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP) capabilities of thionoisochromanone (TIC), a fungi-derivable thionolactone. TIC is the first reported six-membered thionolactone to readily homopolymerize under free radical conditions without the presence of a dormant comonomer or repeated initiation. Even more, the resulting polymer is fully degradable under mild, basic conditions. Computations providing molecular-level insights into the mechanistic and energetic details of polymerization identified a unique S,S,O-orthoester intermediate that leads to a sustained chain-end. This sustained chain-end allowed for the synthesis of a block copolymer of TIC and styrene under entirely free radical conditions without explicit radical control methods such as reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). We also report the statistical copolymerization of ring-retained TIC and styrene, confirmed by elemental analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Computations into the energetic details of copolymerization indicate kinetic drivers for ring-retaining behavior. This work provides the first example of a sustainable feedstock for rROP and provides the field with the first six-membered monomer susceptible to rROP, expanding the monomer scope to aid our fundamental understanding of thionolactone rROP behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Prebihalo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Anna M Luke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Yernaidu Reddi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Christopher J LaSalle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Vijay M Shah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | | | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
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2
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He S, Marin L, Cheng X. Novel water soluble polymeric sensors for the sensitive and selective recognition of Fe3+/Fe2+ in aqueous media. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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3
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Destephen A, González de San Román E, Ballard N. The influence of thiocarbonylthio compounds on the B(C 6F 5) 3 catalyzed cationic polymerization of styrene. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00016d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
When applied to the cationic polymerization of styrene, thiocarbonylthio compounds can lead to a dual control mechanism, where degenerative chain transfer occurs concurrent with a reversible addition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Destephen
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Estibaliz González de San Román
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Nicholas Ballard
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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4
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Zhong F, Pan CY. Allylthioketone mediating radical polymerization of butyl acrylate. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Yu H, Shao J, Chen D, Wang L, Yang W. Aromatic thioketone-mediated radical polymerization of methacrylates and the preparation of amphiphilic quasi-block copolymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00322k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
TfXT exhibits strong ability to control radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate and has been used in preparing amphiphilic quasi-block copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
| | - Jianwei Shao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
| | - Dong Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
| | - Li Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
| | - Wantai Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
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Devlaminck DJG, Van Steenberge PHM, Reyniers MF, D'hooge DR. Modeling of Miniemulsion Polymerization of Styrene with Macro-RAFT Agents to Theoretically Compare Slow Fragmentation, Ideal Exchange and Cross-Termination Cases. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E320. [PMID: 30960304 PMCID: PMC6419184 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 5-dimensional Smith-Ewart based model is developed to understand differences for reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) miniemulsion polymerization with theoretical agents mimicking cases of slow fragmentation, cross-termination, and ideal exchange while accounting for chain length and monomer conversion dependencies due to diffusional limitations. The focus is on styrene as a monomer, a water soluble initiator, and a macro-RAFT agent to avoid exit/entry of the RAFT leaving group radical. It is shown that with a too low RAFT fragmentation rate coefficient it is generally not afforded to consider zero-one kinetics (for the related intermediate radical type) and that with significant RAFT cross-termination the dead polymer product is dominantly originating from the RAFT intermediate radical. To allow the identification of the nature of the RAFT retardation it is recommended to experimentally investigate in the future the impact of the average particle size (dp) on both the monomer conversion profile and the average polymer properties for a sufficiently broad dp range, ideally including the bulk limit. With decreasing particle size both a slow RAFT fragmentation and a fast RAFT cross-termination result in a stronger segregation and thus rate acceleration. The particle size dependency is different, allowing further differentiation based on the variation of the dispersity and end-group functionality. Significant RAFT cross-termination is specifically associated with a strong dispersity increase at higher average particle sizes. Only with an ideal exchange it is afforded in the modeling to avoid the explicit calculation of the RAFT intermediate concentration evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries J G Devlaminck
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Paul H M Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Françoise Reyniers
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dagmar R D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 907, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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7
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Zhong F, Hong CY, Pan CY. Allylthioketone Mediating Radical Polymerization of Styrene. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Anhui University; Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
| | - Chun-Yan Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Cai-Yuan Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
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9
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Allylthioketone Mediated Free Radical Polymerization of Methacrylates. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9110608. [PMID: 30965912 PMCID: PMC6418703 DOI: 10.3390/polym9110608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
By combination of high trapping free radical efficiency of the thioketone and resonance of the allylic radical, a new type of mediating agent, 1,3,3-triphenylprop-2-ene-1-thione (TPPT) has been successfully synthesized, and then is used to study controlled free radical polymerization of methacrylates. Very stable TPPT radicals at the end of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are detected in the polymerization of MMA using TPPT and AIBN as the control agent and initiator. The MALDI-TOF MS spectra are used to identify terminal groups of the resultant poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA), and major component of the obtained polymer has the structure, (CH3)2(CN)C-PGMA-C7H9O3. Chain extension reaction tests ascertain formation of the dead polymers during the polymer storage and purification process of the polymers. Owing to very slow fragmentation reaction of the TPPT-terminated polymethacrylate radical and addition reaction of this radical with a primary radical, the growing chain radicals are difficult to be regenerated, leading to an unobvious change of the molecular weight with monomer conversion. The molecular weights of polymers can be controlled by the ratios of monomer/initiator and TPPT/initiator. However, the first order kinetics of the polymerization and the polymers with narrow polydispersity are obtained, and these phenomena are discussed. This study provides useful information on how to design a better controlling agent.
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De Rybel N, Van Steenberge PHM, Reyniers MF, Barner-Kowollik C, D'hooge DR, Marin GB. An Update on the Pivotal Role of Kinetic Modeling for the Mechanistic Understanding and Design of Bulk and Solution RAFT Polymerization. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201600048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils De Rybel
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology; Ghent University; Technologiepark 914 B-9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent) Belgium
| | - Paul H. M. Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology; Ghent University; Technologiepark 914 B-9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent) Belgium
| | - Marie-Françoise Reyniers
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology; Ghent University; Technologiepark 914 B-9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent) Belgium
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry; Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstrasse 18 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering; Queensland University of Technology (QUT); Brisbane, 2 George Street QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology; Ghent University; Technologiepark 914 B-9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent) Belgium
- Department of Textiles; Ghent University; Technologiepark 907 B-9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent) Belgium
| | - Guy. B. Marin
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology; Ghent University; Technologiepark 914 B-9052 Zwijnaarde (Ghent) Belgium
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11
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Ballard N, Hamzehlou S, Ruipérez F, Asua JM. On the Termination Mechanism in the Radical Polymerization of Acrylates. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:1364-8. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Ballard
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Etorbidea 72 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián Spain
| | - Shaghayegh Hamzehlou
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Etorbidea 72 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián Spain
| | - Fernando Ruipérez
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Etorbidea 72 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián Spain
| | - José M. Asua
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Etorbidea 72 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián Spain
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12
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Mulvenna RA, Prato RA, Phillip WA, Boudouris BW. Polymerization Rate Considerations for High Molecular Weight Polyisoprene-b
-Polystyrene-b
-Poly(N
,N
-dimethylacrylamide) Triblock Polymers Synthesized Via Sequential Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Reactions. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Mulvenna
- School of Chemical Engineering; Purdue University; 480 Stadium Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Rafael A. Prato
- School of Chemical Engineering; Purdue University; 480 Stadium Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - William A. Phillip
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Notre Dame; 182 Fitzpatrick Hall Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Bryan W. Boudouris
- School of Chemical Engineering; Purdue University; 480 Stadium Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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13
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Chernikova EV, Golubev VB, Filippov AN, Garina ES. The role of termination reactions of radical intermediates in reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238215010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Ranieri K, Delaittre G, Barner-Kowollik C, Junkers T. Direct Access to Dithiobenzoate RAFT Agent Fragmentation Rate Coefficients by ESR Spin-Trapping. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:2023-8. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayte Ranieri
- Polymer Reaction Design Group; Institute for Materials Research (IMO); Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek; Building D B-3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Guillaume Delaittre
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry; Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstr. 18 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry; Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstr. 18 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Thomas Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design Group; Institute for Materials Research (IMO); Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek; Building D B-3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
- IMEC, Division IMOMEC; Wetenschapspark 1 3590 Diepenbeek
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15
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Zetterlund PB, Gody G, Perrier S. Sequence-Controlled Multiblock Copolymers via RAFT Polymerization: Modeling and Simulations. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201300165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Per B. Zetterlund
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering; The University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Guillaume Gody
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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16
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Hernández-Ortiz JC, Vivaldo-Lima E, Dubé MA, Penlidis A. Modeling of Network Formation in Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Transfer (RAFT) Copolymerization of Vinyl/Divinyl Monomers Using a Multifunctional Polymer Molecule Approach. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201300144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio César Hernández-Ortiz
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; 04510 México, D.F. México
| | - Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; 04510 México, D.F. México
| | - Marc Arnold Dubé
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Alexander Penlidis
- Institute for Polymer Research, Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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17
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Moad G. Mechanism and Kinetics of Dithiobenzoate-Mediated RAFT Polymerization - Status of the Dilemma. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering; Bag 10 Clayton South VIC 3169 Australia
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18
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Wang Y, Zhong M, Zhang Y, Magenau AJD, Matyjaszewski K. Halogen Conservation in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3018958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Center for Macromolecular
Engineering, Department of
Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University,
4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Center for Macromolecular
Engineering, Department of
Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University,
4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yaozhong Zhang
- Center for Macromolecular
Engineering, Department of
Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University,
4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Andrew J. D. Magenau
- Center for Macromolecular
Engineering, Department of
Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University,
4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Macromolecular
Engineering, Department of
Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University,
4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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