1
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He J, Zhou J, Yang J, Zhu M, Li L. Exploring the Feasibility of Utilizing Nanopore-Based Ultrafiltration for the Purification of Graft-Onto Polymerization Products. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Jianing Zhou
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Jinxian Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Mo Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Lianwei Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
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2
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Haque FM, Grayson SM. The synthesis, properties and potential applications of cyclic polymers. Nat Chem 2020; 12:433-444. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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3
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Mao J, Zhang B, Zhang H, Elupula R, Grayson SM, Wesdemiotis C. Elucidating Branching Topology and Branch Lengths in Star-Branched Polymers by Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1981-1991. [PMID: 31363988 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) has been employed to elucidate the topology and branching architecture of star-branched polyethers. The polymers were ionized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) to positive ions and dissociated after leaving the ion source via laser-induced fragmentation. The bond scissions caused under MALDI-MS2 conditions occur preferentially near the core-branch joining points due to energetically favorable homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavages near the core and release of steric strain and/or reduction of crowding. This unique fragmentation mode detaches complete arms from the core generating fragment ion series at the expected molecular weight of each branch. The number of fragment ion distributions observed combined with their mass-to-charge ratios permit conclusive determination of the degree of branching and the corresponding branch lengths, as demonstrated for differently branched homo- and mikto-arm polyether stars synthesized via azide-alkyne click chemistry. The results of this study underscore the utility of MS2 for the characterization of branching architecture and branch lengths of (co) polymers with two or more linear chains attached to a functionalized central core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Knight Chemical Laboratory, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-3601, USA
| | - Boyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Ravinder Elupula
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Scott M Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department of Chemistry, Knight Chemical Laboratory, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-3601, USA.
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4
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Mauri E, Micotti E, Rossetti A, Melone L, Papa S, Azzolini G, Rimondo S, Veglianese P, Punta C, Rossi F, Sacchetti A. Microwave-assisted synthesis of TEMPO-labeled hydrogels traceable with MRI. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:558-565. [PMID: 29333553 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02292a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymer functionalization strategies have recently attracted considerable attention for several applications in biomaterials science. In particular, technological advancements in medical imaging have focused on the design of polymeric matrices to improve non-invasive approaches and diagnostic accuracy. In this scenario, the use of microwave irradiation of aqueous solutions containing appropriate combinations of polymers is gaining increasing interest in the synthesis of sterile hydrogels without using monomers, eliminating the need to remove unreacted species. In this study, we developed a method for the in situ fabrication of TEMPO-labeled hydrogels based on a one-pot microwave reaction that can then be tracked by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without using toxic compounds that could be hostile for the target tissue. Click chemistry was used to link TEMPO to the polymeric scaffold. In an in vivo model, the system was able to preserve its TEMPO paramagnetic activity up to 1 month after hydrogel injection, showing a clear detectable signal on T1-weighted MRI with a longitudinal relaxivity value of 0.29 mM s-1, comparable to a value of 0.31 mM s-1 characteristic of TEMPO application. The uncleavable conjugation between the contrast agent and the polymeric scaffold is a leading point to record these results: the use of TEMPO only physically entrapped in the polymeric scaffold did not show MRI traceability even after few hours. Moreover, the use of TEMPO-labeled hydrogels can also help to reduce the number of animals sacrificed being a longitudinal non-invasive technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Mauri
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy.
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5
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Li K, Zhou C, Liu S, Yao F, Fu G, Xu L. Preparation of mechanically-tough and thermo-responsive polyurethane-poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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6
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Haque FM, Alegria A, Grayson SM, Barroso-Bujans F. Detection, Quantification, and “Click-Scavenging” of Impurities in Cyclic Poly(glycidyl phenyl ether) Obtained by Zwitterionic Ring-Expansion Polymerization with B(C6F5)3. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farihah M. Haque
- Department
of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Angel Alegria
- Materials
Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Departamento
de Física de Materiales, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, San Sebastian 20080, Spain
| | - Scott M. Grayson
- Department
of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Fabienne Barroso-Bujans
- Materials
Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 4, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE—Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
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7
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Huang ZH, Zhou YY, Wang ZM, Li Y, Zhang W, Zhou NC, Zhang ZB, Zhu XL. Recent advances of CuAAC click reaction in building cyclic polymer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-017-1902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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8
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Mauri E, Veglianese P, Papa S, Mariani A, De Paola M, Rigamonti R, Chincarini GF, Vismara I, Rimondo S, Sacchetti A, Rossi F. Double conjugated nanogels for selective intracellular drug delivery. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04584k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most important drawbacks of nanomedicine is related to the unwanted rapid diffusion of drugs loaded within nanocarriers towards the external biological environment, according to the high clearance of body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Mauri
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”
- 20131 Milan
- Italy
| | - Pietro Veglianese
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze
- IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”
- 20156 Milan
- Italy
| | - Simonetta Papa
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze
- IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”
- 20156 Milan
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Mariani
- Dipartimento di Ambiente e Salute
- IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”
- 20156 Milan
- Italy
| | - Massimiliano De Paola
- Dipartimento di Ambiente e Salute
- IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”
- 20156 Milan
- Italy
| | - Riccardo Rigamonti
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”
- 20131 Milan
- Italy
| | | | - Irma Vismara
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze
- IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”
- 20156 Milan
- Italy
| | - Stefano Rimondo
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”
- 20131 Milan
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Sacchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”
- 20131 Milan
- Italy
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”
- 20131 Milan
- Italy
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9
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Adrian Figg C, Bartley AN, Kubo T, Tucker BS, Castellano RK, Sumerlin BS. Mild and efficient synthesis of ω,ω-heterodifunctionalized polymers and polymer bioconjugates. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00225d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Semi-telechelic ω,ω-heterodifunctional polymers and polymer bioconjugates are synthesized under mild conditions using benzotrifuranone.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Adrian Figg
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
| | - Ashton N. Bartley
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
| | - Tomohiro Kubo
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
| | - Bryan S. Tucker
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
| | - Ronald K. Castellano
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
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10
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Ye W, Wei W, Fei X, Lu R, Liu N, Luo J, Zhu Y, Liu X. Six-arm star-shaped polymer with cyclophosphazene core and poly(ε-caprolactone) arms as modifier of epoxy thermosets. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoma Fei
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjie Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- Wuxi Chuangda Advanced Materials Co., Ltd.; Wuxi Jiangsu 214028 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
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11
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Figg CA, Kubo T, Sumerlin BS. Efficient and Chemoselective Synthesis of ω,ω-Heterodifunctional Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1114-1118. [PMID: 35614814 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We report a strategy for the preparation of semitelechelic polymers containing two distinct functionalities at one chain end by consecutive and chemoselective nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions on 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT). Because of its commercial availability, well-defined nature, and ubiquity in biological applications, monomethyl ether poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) was chosen to demonstrate the utility of this ω,ω-heterodifunctional end-group modification strategy. TCT-functionalized mPEG underwent highly efficient ω,ω-heterodisubstitution via sequential chemoselective substitution with model thiols and amines. The efficiency of nucleophile conjugation to the polymer end group was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and matrix assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In addition, density functional theory calculations provided insight into the importance of nucleophile addition order. This route introduces TCT derivatization as a powerful and facile tool to achieve specific polymeric end-group complexity and efficient heterogeneous functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Adrian Figg
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Tomohiro Kubo
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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12
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Foley CD, Zhang B, Alb AM, Trimpin S, Grayson SM. Use of Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry to Elucidate Architectural Dispersity within Star Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:778-782. [PMID: 35596476 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The power of ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) as an analytical technology for differentiating macromolecular architecture is demonstrated. The presence of architectural dispersity within a sample is probed by sequentially measuring both the drift time and the mass-to-charge ratio for every component within a polymer sample. The utility of this technology is demonstrated by investigating three poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) architectures with closely related average molecular weights of about 9000 Da: a linear PEG, an unevenly branched miktoarm star PEG, and evenly branched homoarm star PEGs. The three architectures were readily distinguished when analyzed separately as "pure" architectures or when analyzed as mixtures. IMS-MS results are contrasted with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-MS and viscometry measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey D. Foley
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | | | | | - Sarah Trimpin
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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13
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Ma L, Lin Y, Tan H, Zheng J, Liu F, Zhang G, Liu J, Tang T. Highly efficient synthesis and characterization of multiarm and miktoarm star-long-branched polymers via click chemistry. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02168e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two series of 3–12 multiarm star polymers and 4-miktoarm star copolymer of butadiene and styrene, in which the Mn of arm was higher than 20 kg mol−1, were synthesized with high efficiency (from 85.0% to 96.1%) via click chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Yichao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Haiying Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Jun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Guangchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
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14
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Zhao J, Zhou Y, Li Y, Pan X, Zhang W, Zhou N, Zhang K, Zhang Z, Zhu X. Modular construction of macrocycle-based topological polymers via high-efficient thiol chemistry. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tadpole-, spiro-shaped, fused-dicyclic tadpole and other complex macrocycle-based topological polymers were modularly constructed via thiol-X chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Zhao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Yiwen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Wei Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Nianchen Zhou
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Umit Tunca
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
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16
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El-Baba TJ, Lutomski CA, Wang B, Trimpin S. Characterizing synthetic polymers and additives using new ionization methods for mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1175-1184. [PMID: 24760557 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE New inlet and vacuum ionization methods provide advantages of specificity, simplicity and speed for the analysis of synthetic polymers and polymer additives directly from surfaces such as fibers using mass spectrometry (MS) on different commercial mass spectrometers (Waters SYNAPT G2, Thermo LTQ Velos). METHODS We compare inlet ionization methods with the recently discovered vacuum ionization method. This method, termed matrix assisted ionization vacuum (MAIV), utilizes the matrix 3-nitrobenzonitrile (3-NBN) for the analysis of synthetic polymers and additives without additional energy input by simply exposing the matrix:analyte:salt to the vacuum of the mass spectrometer. Matrix:analyte:salt samples can be introduced while dry (surfaces, e.g. glass slides, pipet tips) or slightly wet (e.g. filter paper, pipet tips). RESULTS Compounds ionized by these methods can be analyzed in both positive and negative detection modes through cationization or deprotonation, respectively. The dynamic range of the experiment can be enhanced, as well as structural analysis performed, by coupling the vacuum ionization method with ion mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) and tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation. CONCLUSIONS The specificity of 3-NBN matrix to ionize small and large nonvolatile analyte molecules by MAIV makes this matrix a good choice for observing low-abundance additives in the presence of large amounts of synthetic polymer using MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarick J El-Baba
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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