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Woo JY, Park MH, Jeong SH, Kim YH, Kim B, Lee TW, Han TH. Advances in Solution-Processed OLEDs and their Prospects for Use in Displays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207454. [PMID: 36300804 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This review outlines problems and progress in development of solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (SOLEDs) in industry and academia. Solution processing has several advantages such as low consumption of materials, low-cost processing, and large-area manufacturing. However, use of a solution process entails complications, such as the need for solvent resistivity and solution-processable materials, and yields SOLEDs that have limited luminous efficiency, severe roll-off characteristics, and short lifetime compared to OLEDs fabricated using thermal evaporation. These demerits impede production of practical SOLED displays. This review outlines the industrial demands for commercial SOLEDs and the current status of SOLED development in industries and academia, and presents research guidelines for the development of SOLEDs that have high efficiency, long lifetime, and good processability to achieve commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Yoon Woo
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Park
- Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hun Jeong
- Future Technology Research Center, LG Chem, Ltd., 30, Magokjunang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07794, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjae Kim
- Future Technology Research Center, LG Chem, Ltd., 30, Magokjunang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07794, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Soft Foundry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hee Han
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
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Ma Z, Lü J, Dong W, Ding J, Wang L. Efficient Red Phosphorescent Polymers with Trap-Assisted Charge Balance: Molecular Design, Synthesis, and Electroluminescent Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:18730-18738. [PMID: 31059224 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Three classes of red phosphorescent polymers (PF-H- x, PF-DPO- x, and PF-DPA- x, where x denotes the mole content of Ir complex) have been designed and synthesized, where the C∧N ligand of the tethered dopant bis(2,4-diphenylquinolyl)iridium(acetylacetonate) is substituted by hydrogen (H), diphenylphosphine oxide (DPO), and diphenylamine (DPA), respectively. It is found that the electron-withdrawing DPO group can lower the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of the phosphor, whereas the electron-donating DPA group leads to an upshifted highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of the phosphor. Following a sequence of PF-DPA- x, PF-H- x, and PF-DPO- x, the electron trap depth between dopant and host is gradually up from 0.43 to 1.01 eV, and the hole trap depth is correspondingly down from 0.74 to 0.46 eV. As a result, PF-DPO- x achieves the most balanced charge transport in the emitting layer among these polymers, revealing a record-high luminous efficiency (LE) of 10.3 cd/A and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.62, 0.33) on the basis of the simple single-layer device structure. Compared with PF-H- x (3.8 cd/A) and PF-DPA- x (1.2 cd/A) containing the same Ir content, the significantly improved performance indicates that trap-assisted charge balance is a promising strategy to optimize the device efficiency of red phosphorescent polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Wenyue Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Junqiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
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Platonova EO, Ilichev VA, Bochkarev LN. Electroluminescent Iridium-Containing Functionalized Polynorbornenes Emitting Red Light. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218050250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhao J, Dang F, Liu B, Wu Y, Yang X, Zhou G, Wu Z, Wong WY. Bis-Zn II salphen complexes bearing pyridyl functionalized ligands for efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Dalton Trans 2018; 46:6098-6110. [PMID: 28436501 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00905d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the emissive features of ZnII complexes based on bis-Schiff base ligands, bis-ZnII salphen complexes bearing pyridyl functionalized ligands have been successfully synthesized. Their photophysical features, electrochemical behavior and electroluminescent (EL) properties have been investigated in detail. The functionalized bis-ZnII salphen complexes can exhibit high thermal stability up to 417 °C, and their photoluminescence (PL) spectra show a maximal emission wavelength peak at ca. 565 nm both in solution and PMMA doped films. The PL investigation of the neat films for these functionalized bis-ZnII salphen complexes indicated that the pyridyl functionalized ligands can effectively reduce the degree of molecular aggregation to enhance their emission intensity. Taking advantage of the charge carrier injection/transporting ability of the pyridyl functionalized ligands and their dendritic design, the optimized EL devices fabricated by a simple solution-processing method can achieve a peak luminance (Lmax) of 3589 cd m-2, a maximal external quantum efficiency (ηext) of 1.46%, a maximal current efficiency (ηL) of 4.1 cd A-1 and a maximal power efficiency (ηp) of 3.8 lm W-1. These results should afford important instructions for exploiting high performance fluorescent emitters based on dinuclear ZnII complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
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Li X, Bai Q, Li J, Lu F, Sun X, Lu P. Synthesis and properties of wide bandgap polymers based on tetraphenylsilane and their applications as hosts in electrophosphorescent devices. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04213b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By introducing the electron-withdrawing diphenylphosphine oxide in PFSCPO, its doped OLEDs achieve enhanced current and external quantum efficiencies than the PFSC-hosted device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Qianjin Avenue
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Qing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Qianjin Avenue
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Jinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Qianjin Avenue
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Fang Lu
- Pharmacy Department
- Changchun Medical College
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Qianjin Avenue
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Qianjin Avenue
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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Platonova EO, Pushkarev AP, Ilichev VA, Baranov EV, Kovylina TA, Bochkarev LN. Cyclometallated iridium(III) complex with 1-phenylisoquinoline and norbornene-substituted pyrazolonate ligands and related electroluminescent polymers. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s107032841708005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Electroluminescent Performances of Iridium Complexes with Dibenzo-18-crown-6. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-017-0539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liu B, Dang F, Tian Z, Feng Z, Jin D, Dang W, Yang X, Zhou G, Wu Z. High Triplet Energy Level Achieved by Tuning the Arrangement of Building Blocks in Phosphorescent Polymer Backbones for Furnishing High Electroluminescent Performances in Both Blue and White Organic Light-Emitting Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:16360-16374. [PMID: 28441863 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A high triplet energy level (ET) of ca. 2.83 eV has been achieved in a novel polymer backbone through tuning the arrangement of two kinds of building blocks, showing enhanced hole injection/transporting capacity. Based on this new polymer backbone with high ET, both blue and white phosphorescent polymers were successfully developed with a trade-off between high ET and enhanced charge-carrier transporting ability. In addition, their photophysical features, electrochemical behaviors, and electroluminescent (EL) properties have been characterized in detail. Benefitting from the advantages associated with the novel polymer backbone, the blue phosphorescent polymers show top-ranking EL performances with a maximum luminance efficiency (ηL) of 15.22 cd A-1, corresponding to a power efficiency (ηP) of 12.64 lm W-1, and external quantum efficiency (ηext) of 6.22% and the stable Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.19, 0.38). Furthermore, blue-orange (B-O) complementary-colored white phosphorescent polymers based on this novel polymer backbone were also obtained showing encouraging EL efficiencies of 12.34 cd A-1, 9.59 lm W-1, and 4.10% in the optimized WOLED together with exceptionally stable CIE coordinates of (Δx = 0.014, Δy = 0.010) in a wide driving voltage range from 4 to 16 V. All of these attractive EL results achieved by these novel phosphorescent polymers show the great potential of this new polymer backbone in developing highly efficient phosphorescent polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, ‡State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and §Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Feifan Dang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, ‡State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and §Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhuanzhuan Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, ‡State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and §Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, ‡State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and §Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Deyuan Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, ‡State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and §Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wanping Dang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, ‡State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and §Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, ‡State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and §Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Guijiang Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, ‡State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and §Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxin Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, ‡State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and §Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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Wang Z, Liu S, Wang Y, Quan Y, Cheng Y. Tunable AICPL of (S
)-Binaphthyl-Based Three-Component Polymers via FRET Mechanism. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yiwu Quan
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yixiang Cheng
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
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Platonova EO, Il’ichev VA, Baranov EV, Bochkarev LN. Cyclometallated iridium(III) complex with 2-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)pyridyl and norbornene-substituted pyrazolonate ligands and related electroluminescent red light-emitting polymers. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328416030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Huang Z, Liu B, Zhao J, He Y, Yan X, Xu X, Zhou G, Yang X, Wu Z. Platinum(ii) polymetallayne-based phosphorescent polymers with enhanced triplet energy-transfer: synthesis, photophysical, electrochemistry, and electrophosphorescent investigation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03697f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting triplet energy-transfer in novel phosphorescent polymers with platinum(ii) polymetallayne backbones to achieve high EL performances with ηL of 11.49 cd A−1, ηext of 4.38% and ηP of 3.78 lm W−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuan Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
| | - Boao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
| | - Jiang Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
| | - Yue He
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
| | - Xiaogang Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
| | - Xianbin Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
| | - Guijiang Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
| | - Zhaoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
- P.R. China
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