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Two Excited State Collaboration of Heteroleptic Ir(III)-Coumarin Complexes for H2 Evolution Dye-Sensitized Photocatalysts. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14092425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interfacial electron injection from a photoexcited surface-immobilized dye to a semiconductor substrate is a key reaction for dye-sensitized photocatalysts. We previously reported that the molecular orientation of heteroleptic Ir(III) photosensitizer on the TiO2 nanoparticle surface was important for efficient interfacial electron injection. In this work, to overcome the weak light absorption ability of heteroleptic Ir(III) photosensitizer and to improve the photoinduced charge-separation efficiency at the dye–semiconductor interface, we synthesized two heteroleptic Ir(III) complexes with different coumarin dyes, [Ir(C6)2(H4CPbpy)]Cl and [Ir(C30)2(H4CPbpy)]Cl [Ir-CX; X = 6 or 30; HC6 = 3-(2-enzothiazolyl)-7-(diethylamino)coumarin, HC30 = 3-(2-N-methylbenzimidazolyl)-7-N,N-diethylaminocoumarin, H4CPbpy = 4,4′-bis(methylphosphonic acid)-2,2′-bipyridine], as the cyclometalated ligands and immobilized them on the surface of Pt-cocatalyst-loaded TiO2 nanoparticles. Ultraviolet-visible absorption and emission spectroscopy revealed that the singlet ligand-centered (1LC) absorption and triplet 3LC emission bands of Ir-C30 occurred at shorter wavelengths than those of Ir-C6, while time-dependent density-functional-theory data suggested that the ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT) excited states of the two complexes were comparable. The photocatalytic H2 evolution activity of the Ir-C6-sensitized Pt-TiO2 nanoparticles (Ir-C6@Pt-TiO2) under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm) was higher than that of Ir-C30@Pt-TiO2. In contrast, their activities were comparable under irradiation with monochromatic light (λ = 450 ± 10 nm), which is absorbed comparably by both Ir-CX complexes. These results suggest that the internal conversion from the higher-lying LC state to the LLCT state effectively occurs in both Ir-CX complexes to trigger electron injection to TiO2.
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Mede T, Jäger M, Schubert US. "Chemistry-on-the-complex": functional Ru II polypyridyl-type sensitizers as divergent building blocks. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7577-7627. [PMID: 30246196 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00096d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium polypyridyl type complexes are potent photoactive compounds, and have found - among others - a broad range of important applications in the fields of biomedical diagnosis and phototherapy, energy conversion schemes such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and molecular assemblies for tailored photo-initiated processes. In this regard, the linkage of RuII polypyridyl-type complexes with specific functional moieties is highly desirable to enhance their inherent photophysical properties, e.g., with a targeting function to achieve cell selectivity, or with a dye or redox-active subunits for energy- and electron-transfer. However, the classical approach of performing ligand syntheses first and the formation of Ru complexes in the last steps imposes synthetic limitations with regard to tolerating functional groups or moieties as well as requiring lengthy convergent routes. Alternatively, the diversification of Ru complexes after coordination (termed "chemistry-on-the-complex") provides an elegant complementary approach. In addition to the Click chemistry concept, the rapidly developing synthesis and purification methodologies permit the preparation of Ru conjugates via amidation, alkylation and cross-coupling reactions. In this regard, recent developments in chromatography shifted the limits of purification, e.g., by using new commercialized surface-modified silica gels and automated instrumentation. This review provides detailed insights into applying the "chemistry-on-the-complex" concept, which is believed to stimulate the modular preparation of unpreceded molecular assemblies as well as functional materials based on Ru-based building blocks, including combinatorial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Mede
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Kutz A, Mariani G, Schweins R, Streb C, Gröhn F. Self-assembled polyoxometalate-dendrimer structures for selective photocatalysis. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:914-920. [PMID: 29177296 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07097g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel, self-assembled nanostructure with selective photocatalytic activity formed from anionic polyoxometalate clusters and cationic dendrimers by electrostatic self-assembly. The association of the components in aqueous solution is driven by ionic interaction and steric factors yielding stable aggregates of a defined size with a coil-like structure. The assemblies show high potential for the application in solar-energy conversion systems due to their enhanced and substrate specific photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kutz
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Scattergood PA, Sinopoli A, Elliott PI. Photophysics and photochemistry of 1,2,3-triazole-based complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ren R, Wang Y, Liu D, Sun W. Facile preparation of a novel nickel-containing metallopolymer via RAFT polymerization. Des Monomers Polym 2016; 20:300-307. [PMID: 29491801 PMCID: PMC5812193 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2016.1257378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
While the metallocene polymers were comprehensively studied, other metallopolymers are rarely explored. The major challenge is the lack of a synthetic platform for the preparation of metal coordinated derivatives, monomers, and polymers. Therefore, the development of a facile synthesis of new metal coordinated monomers and polymers is critically needed. A novel successfully synthesized methacrylate-containing nickel complex is reported in this communication. Controlled RAFT polymerizations are further carried out to prepare a series of side-chain nickel containing polymers with different molecular weight and narrow Polydispersity Index (PDI). This new metallopolymer performs specific electrochemical and excellent thermal properties. This study provides a novel and convenient strategy to prepare metallopolymer with controllable molecular weight, which has potential applications in assembled, catalytic and magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dizheng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Barthelmes K, Jäger M, Kübel J, Friebe C, Winter A, Wächtler M, Dietzek B, Schubert US. Efficient Energy Transfer and Metal Coupling in Cyanide-Bridged Heterodinuclear Complexes Based on (Bipyridine)(terpyridine)ruthenium(II) and (Phenylpyridine)iridium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:5152-67. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Barthelmes
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center
for Energy and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Jäger
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center
for Energy and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Joachim Kübel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Friebe
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center
for Energy and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Winter
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center
for Energy and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Center
for Energy and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center
for Energy and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Reifarth M, Pretzel D, Schubert S, Weber C, Heintzmann R, Hoeppener S, Schubert US. Cellular uptake of PLA nanoparticles studied by light and electron microscopy: synthesis, characterization and biocompatibility studies using an iridium(iii) complex as correlative label. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4361-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09884j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the synthesis of polylactide by ring-opening polymerization using a luminescent iridium(iii) complex acting as initiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Reifarth
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - David Pretzel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Stephanie Schubert
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy
| | - Christine Weber
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Rainer Heintzmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
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