1
|
Rahimnejad M, Jahangiri S, Zirak Hassan Kiadeh S, Rezvaninejad S, Ahmadi Z, Ahmadi S, Safarkhani M, Rabiee N. Stimuli-responsive biomaterials: smart avenue toward 4D bioprinting. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:860-891. [PMID: 37442771 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2213398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
3D bioprinting is an advanced technology combining cells and bioactive molecules within a single bioscaffold; however, this scaffold cannot change, modify or grow in response to a dynamic implemented environment. Lately, a new era of smart polymers and hydrogels has emerged, which can add another dimension, e.g., time to 3D bioprinting, to address some of the current approaches' limitations. This concept is indicated as 4D bioprinting. This approach may assist in fabricating tissue-like structures with a configuration and function that mimic the natural tissue. These scaffolds can change and reform as the tissue are transformed with the potential of specific drug or biomolecules released for various biomedical applications, such as biosensing, wound healing, soft robotics, drug delivery, and tissue engineering, though 4D bioprinting is still in its early stages and more works are required to advance it. In this review article, the critical challenge in the field of 4D bioprinting and transformations from 3D bioprinting to 4D phases is reviewed. Also, the mechanistic aspects from the chemistry and material science point of view are discussed too.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Rahimnejad
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Sepideh Jahangiri
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | | | - Zarrin Ahmadi
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Safarkhani
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ray P, Chakraborty R, Banik O, Banoth E, Kumar P. Surface Engineering of a Bioartificial Membrane for Its Application in Bioengineering Devices. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:3606-3629. [PMID: 36743049 PMCID: PMC9893455 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Membrane technology is playing a crucial role in cutting-edge innovations in the biomedical field. One such innovation is the surface engineering of a membrane for enhanced longevity, efficient separation, and better throughput. Hence, surface engineering is widely used while developing membranes for its use in bioartificial organ development, separation processes, extracorporeal devices, etc. Chemical-based surface modifications are usually performed by functional group/biomolecule grafting, surface moiety modification, and altercation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. Further, creation of micro/nanogrooves, pillars, channel networks, and other topologies is achieved to modify physio-mechanical processes. These surface modifications facilitate improved cellular attachment, directional migration, and communication among the neighboring cells and enhanced diffusional transport of nutrients, gases, and waste across the membrane. These modifications, apart from improving functional efficiency, also help in overcoming fouling issues, biofilm formation, and infection incidences. Multiple strategies are adopted, like lysozyme enzymatic action, topographical modifications, nanomaterial coating, and antibiotic/antibacterial agent doping in the membrane to counter the challenges of biofilm formation, fouling challenges, and microbial invasion. Therefore, in the current review, we have comprehensibly discussed different types of membranes, their fabrication and surface modifications, antifouling/antibacterial strategies, and their applications in bioengineering. Thus, this review would benefit bioengineers and membrane scientists who aim to improve membranes for applications in tissue engineering, bioseparation, extra corporeal membrane devices, wound healing, and others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pragyan Ray
- BioDesign
and Medical Devices Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical
Engineering, National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela, Sector-1, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Ruchira Chakraborty
- BioDesign
and Medical Devices Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical
Engineering, National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela, Sector-1, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Oindrila Banik
- BioDesign
and Medical Devices Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical
Engineering, National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela, Sector-1, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
- Opto-Biomedical
Microsystem Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Sector-1, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Earu Banoth
- Opto-Biomedical
Microsystem Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Sector-1, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Prasoon Kumar
- BioDesign
and Medical Devices Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical
Engineering, National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela, Sector-1, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wloka T, Gottschaldt M, Schubert US. From Light to Structure: Photo Initiators for Radical Two-Photon Polymerization. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104191. [PMID: 35202499 PMCID: PMC9324900 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon polymerization (2PP) represents a powerful technique for the fabrication of precise three-dimensional structures on a micro- and nanometer scale for various applications. While many review articles are focusing on the used polymeric materials and their application in 2PP, in this review the class of two-photon photo initiators (2PI) used for radical polymerization is discussed in detail. Because the demand for highly efficient 2PI has increased in the last decades, different approaches in designing new efficient 2PIs occurred. This review summarizes the 2PIs known in literature and discusses their absorption behavior under one- and two-photon absorption (2PA) conditions, their two-photon cross sections (σTPA ) as well as their efficiency under 2PP conditions. Here, the photo initiators are grouped depending on their chromophore system (D-π-A-π-D, D-π-D, etc.). Their polymerization efficiencies are evaluated by fabrication windows (FW) depending on different laser intensities and writing speeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wloka
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller Universität JenaHumboldtstraße 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller Universität JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| | - Michael Gottschaldt
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller Universität JenaHumboldtstraße 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller Universität JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller Universität JenaHumboldtstraße 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller Universität JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ullah A, Ahmad S, Maric M, Shah SM, Hussain H. Low temperature
ATRP
of
POSS‐MA
and its amphiphilic pentablock copolymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ullah
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
- Department of Chemical Engineering McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Saira Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Milan Maric
- Department of Chemical Engineering McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Syed Mujtaba Shah
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Hazrat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Four-Dimensional (Bio-)printing: A Review on Stimuli-Responsive Mechanisms and Their Biomedical Suitability. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10249143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The applications of tissue engineered constructs have witnessed great advances in the last few years, as advanced fabrication techniques have enabled promising approaches to develop structures and devices for biomedical uses. (Bio-)printing, including both plain material and cell/material printing, offers remarkable advantages and versatility to produce multilateral and cell-laden tissue constructs; however, it has often revealed to be insufficient to fulfill clinical needs. Indeed, three-dimensional (3D) (bio-)printing does not provide one critical element, fundamental to mimic native live tissues, i.e., the ability to change shape/properties with time to respond to microenvironmental stimuli in a personalized manner. This capability is in charge of the so-called “smart materials”; thus, 3D (bio-)printing these biomaterials is a possible way to reach four-dimensional (4D) (bio-)printing. We present a comprehensive review on stimuli-responsive materials to produce scaffolds and constructs via additive manufacturing techniques, aiming to obtain constructs that closely mimic the dynamics of native tissues. Our work deploys the advantages and drawbacks of the mechanisms used to produce stimuli-responsive constructs, using a classification based on the target stimulus: humidity, temperature, electricity, magnetism, light, pH, among others. A deep understanding of biomaterial properties, the scaffolding technologies, and the implant site microenvironment would help the design of innovative devices suitable and valuable for many biomedical applications.
Collapse
|
6
|
Limongi T, Brigo L, Tirinato L, Pagliari F, Gandin A, Contessotto P, Giugni A, Brusatin G. Three-dimensionally two-photon lithography realized vascular grafts. Biomed Mater 2020; 16. [PMID: 33186926 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abca4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Generation of artifical vascular grafts (TEVG) as blood vessel substitutes is a primary challenge in biomaterial and tissue engineering research. Ideally, these grafts should be able to recapitulate physiological and mechanical properties of natural vessels and guide the assembly of an endothelial cell lining to ensure hemo-compatibility. In this paper, we advance on this challenging task by designing and fabricating 3D vessel analogues by two-photon laser lithography using a synthetic photoresist. These scaffolds guarantee human endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation, and proper elastic behaviour to withstand the pressure exerted by blood flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Limongi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Piemonte, ITALY
| | - Laura Brigo
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, 35122, ITALY
| | - Luca Tirinato
- Division of BioMedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GERMANY
| | - Francesca Pagliari
- Division of BioMedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GERMANY
| | - Alessandro Gandin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova and INSTM, via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, ITALY
| | - Paolo Contessotto
- Medicina Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Bassi 58B, Padova, 35122, ITALY
| | - Andrea Giugni
- PSE, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Giovanna Brusatin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Padova, ITALY
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Buchroithner B, Hartmann D, Mayr S, Oh YJ, Sivun D, Karner A, Buchegger B, Griesser T, Hinterdorfer P, Klar TA, Jacak J. 3D multiphoton lithography using biocompatible polymers with specific mechanical properties. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:2422-2428. [PMID: 36133392 PMCID: PMC9418552 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00154f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of two- and three-dimensional scaffolds mimicking the extracellular matrix and providing cell stimulation is of high importance in biology and material science. We show two new, biocompatible polymers, which can be 3D structured via multiphoton lithography, and determine their mechanical properties. Atomic force microscopy analysis of structures with sub-micron feature sizes reveals Young's modulus values in the 100 MPa range. Assessment of biocompatibility of the new resins was done by cultivating human umbilical vein endothelial cells on two-dimensionally structured substrates for four days. The cell density and presence of apoptotic cells has been quantified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Buchroithner
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences Garnison Str. 21 4020 Linz Austria
| | - Delara Hartmann
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversitaet Leoben Otto-Glöckel Str. 2 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - Sandra Mayr
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences Garnison Str. 21 4020 Linz Austria
| | - Yoo Jin Oh
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz Gruberstr. 40 4020 Linz Austria
| | - Dmitry Sivun
- Institute of Applied Physics and Linz Institute of Technology LIT, Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Str. 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Andreas Karner
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences Garnison Str. 21 4020 Linz Austria
| | - Bianca Buchegger
- Institute of Applied Physics and Linz Institute of Technology LIT, Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Str. 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Thomas Griesser
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversitaet Leoben Otto-Glöckel Str. 2 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - Peter Hinterdorfer
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz Gruberstr. 40 4020 Linz Austria
| | - Thomas A Klar
- Institute of Applied Physics and Linz Institute of Technology LIT, Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Str. 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Jaroslaw Jacak
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences Garnison Str. 21 4020 Linz Austria
| |
Collapse
|