1
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Hu J, Gao Y, Teng J, Li L, Zhang T, Zheng S. Recycling of Polydicyclopentadiene Enabled with N-Coordinated Boronic Ester Bonds. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400169. [PMID: 38722044 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
In this contribution, the transformation of polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) from thermoset into vitrimer is introduced. First, two N-coordinated diboronic diols are successfully synthesized via the reaction of N,N,N-tri(2-hydroxyethyl)amine and/or N,N,N",N"-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylene diamine with 4-(hydroxymethyl) phenylboronic acid and then they are transformed into two N-coordinated cyclic boronic diacrylates. The latter two dienes carrying electron-withdrawing substituents are used for the ring opening insertion metathesis copolymerization (ROIMP) of dicyclopentadiene to afford the crosslinked PDCPD. In the crosslinked PDCPD networks, N-coordinated cyclic boronic ester bonds are integrated. It is found that the as-obtained PDCPD networks displayed the excellent reprocessing properties. In the meantime, the fracture toughness is significantly improved. Owing to the inclusion of N-coordinated cyclic boronic ester bonds, the modified PDCPDs have the thermal stability much superior to plain PDCPD. The results reported in this work demonstrate that PDCPD can successfully be transformed into the vitrimers via the introduction of N-coordinated cyclic boronic ester bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Hu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jianglu Teng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Sixun Zheng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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2
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Wu C, Corrigan N, Lim CH, Liu W, Miyake G, Boyer C. Rational Design of Photocatalysts for Controlled Polymerization: Effect of Structures on Photocatalytic Activities. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5476-5518. [PMID: 34982536 PMCID: PMC9815102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the use of photocatalysts (PCs) in controlled polymerization has brought new opportunities in sophisticated macromolecular synthesis. However, the selection of PCs in these systems has been typically based on laborious trial-and-error strategies. To tackle this limitation, computer-guided rational design of PCs based on knowledge of structure-property-performance relationships has emerged. These rational strategies provide rapid and economic methodologies for tuning the performance and functionality of a polymerization system, thus providing further opportunities for polymer science. This review provides an overview of PCs employed in photocontrolled polymerization systems and summarizes their progression from early systems to the current state-of-the-art. Background theories on electronic transitions are also introduced to establish the structure-property-performance relationships from a perspective of quantum chemistry. Typical examples for each type of structure-property relationships are then presented to enlighten future design of PCs for photocontrolled polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Wu
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | | | - Chern-Hooi Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- New Iridium Incorporated, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Wenjian Liu
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Garret Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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3
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Bell K, Freeburne S, Wolford A, Pester CW. Reusable polymer brush-based photocatalysts for PET-RAFT polymerization. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00966h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescein polymer-brush functionalized glass beads synthesize polymers via photoelectron reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization. These shelf stable heterogeneous catalysts can be recycled after simple filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Bell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sarah Freeburne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Adam Wolford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Christian W. Pester
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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4
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Zhang X, Jiang Y, Ma Q, Hu S, Liao S. Metal-Free Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers with Strict Temporal Control by Employing an Organophotocatalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6357-6362. [PMID: 33900068 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
By virtue of spatiotemporal control over the chain propagating, visible-light-regulated organocatalytic photoredox cationic polymerization provides an appealing approach for the construction of metal-free, well-defined polymers and materials. However, so far, organic photocatalysts capable of mediated cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers are quite limited, and the photocontrol or efficiency is often eroded due to the difficulty in achieving a good activation-deactivation balance, which is greatly dependent on the redox property of the catalyst. Here, we introduce a new type of organic photocatalysts, bisphosphonium salts, which show high performance in the photoregulated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers and allow the synthesis of poly(vinyl ethers) with predictable molecular weights and narrow dispersities at low ppm catalyst loadings under visible light. In particular, the tunable redox potential and excellent stability endow the bisphosphonium salts strict temporal control, thus enabling the metal-free polymerization with a halt in a long dark period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Siping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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5
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Zhang X, Ma Q, Jiang Y, Hu S, Li J, Liao S. Visible light-regulated organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of lactones by harnessing excited state acidity. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free ring-opening polymerization of lactones has been developed using PyOH as a photocatalyst under visible light mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Siping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Junfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
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6
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Yang X, Murphy LM, Haque FM, Grayson SM, Boydston AJ. A highly efficient metal-free protocol for the synthesis of linear polydicyclopentadiene. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00191d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a highly efficient synthesis of linear polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD) via photoredox mediated metal-free ring-opening metathesis polymerization (MF-ROMP) and investigated the Tg–Mn dependence of linear pDCPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejin Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
| | - Laura M. Murphy
- Division of Sciences and Mathematics
- School of Integrated Arts and Sciences
- University of Washington Tacoma
- Tacoma
- USA
| | - Farihah M. Haque
- Department of Chemistry
- Tulane University
- New Orleans
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
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7
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Belov DS, Mathivathanan L, Beazley MJ, Martin WB, Bukhryakov KV. Stereospecific Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Norbornene Catalyzed by Iron Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:2934-2938. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S. Belov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University 11200 SW 8th St. Miami FL 33199 USA
| | - Logesh Mathivathanan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University 11200 SW 8th St. Miami FL 33199 USA
| | - Melanie J. Beazley
- Department of Chemistry University of Central Florida 4111 Libra Dr. Orlando FL 32816 USA
| | - William Blake Martin
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve University 2100 Adelbert Road Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Konstantin V. Bukhryakov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University 11200 SW 8th St. Miami FL 33199 USA
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8
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Belov DS, Mathivathanan L, Beazley MJ, Martin WB, Bukhryakov KV. Stereospecific Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Norbornene Catalyzed by Iron Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S. Belov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University 11200 SW 8th St. Miami FL 33199 USA
| | - Logesh Mathivathanan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University 11200 SW 8th St. Miami FL 33199 USA
| | - Melanie J. Beazley
- Department of Chemistry University of Central Florida 4111 Libra Dr. Orlando FL 32816 USA
| | - William Blake Martin
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve University 2100 Adelbert Road Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Konstantin V. Bukhryakov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University 11200 SW 8th St. Miami FL 33199 USA
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9
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Doerr AM, Burroughs JM, Gitter SR, Yang X, Boydston AJ, Long BK. Advances in Polymerizations Modulated by External Stimuli. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Doerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Justin M. Burroughs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Sean R. Gitter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xuejin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Brian K. Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
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10
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Abstract
Metathesis reactions are one of the most reliable and prevalent ways of creating a C-C bond in synthesis. Photochemical variants exist, and they have proven extremely useful for the construction of complex molecules, from natural products to Möbius rings. A variety of starting materials can undergo photometathesis reactions, including alkenes, alkynes, carbonyls, thiocarbonyls, and ketenes. While many of these reactions proceed with UV light and require harsh conditions, a handful of new techniques for visible-light photometathesis reactions have appeared recently. Given the current developments in visible-light photocatalysis, we believe that many more visible light photometathesis reactions await discovery. In this first review on the subject of photometathesis, we have gathered the relevant literature to give the reader an in-depth understanding of the field, and to inspire further development and synthetic application of these fascinating reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya M Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Christian G Bochet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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11
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Lu P, Kensy VK, Tritt RL, Seidenkranz DT, Boydston AJ. Metal-Free Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization: From Concept to Creation. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2325-2335. [PMID: 32960558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), which is derived from transition-metal-based olefin metathesis, has evolved into one of the most prevalent technologies for making functional polymeric materials in academia and in industry. The initial discovery of and advances in ROMP used ill-defined mixtures of metal salts to initiate polymerization. The initiators most commonly used today, developed with tremendous efforts, are well-defined metal-alkylidene complexes that have enabled a good mechanistic understanding of the polymerization as well as improvement of the initiators' activity, stability, and functional group tolerance.The evolution of ROMP has been decidedly metal-centric, with the path to accolades being paved primarily in ruthenium-, molybdenum-, and tungsten-based systems. Our departure from the ROMP trailhead was inspired in part by recent breakthroughs in radical-mediated polymerizations, whereby their mechanisms were leveraged to develop metal-free reaction conditions. Inventing a metal-free complement to traditional ROMP would essentially involve stepping away from decades of inorganic and organometallic developments, but with the promise of crossing new synthetic capabilities and curiosities.Driven by this motivation, as well as a community-inspired desire to develop "greener" controlled polymerizations, our team pioneered the search for, and discovery of, a wholly organic alternative to traditional metal-mediated ROMP. In this Account, we review our recent efforts to develop metal-free ring-opening metathesis polymerization (MF-ROMP), which is inspired by previous reports in electro- and photo-mediated organic transformations.This work began with an exploration of the direct oxidation of enol ethers and the propensity of the ensuing radical cations to initiate ROMP. To overcome limitations of the electrochemical conditions, a photoredox-mediated method was investigated next, using photoexcited pyrylium salts to oxidize the enol ethers. With this system, we demonstrated the ability to produce ROMP products and temporally control the polymerization.Further investigations into different aspects of the reaction included monomer scope, functional group tolerance, the impact of changing photocatalyst properties, and the ability to control molecular weight. The unique mechanism of MF-ROMP, along with the relative ease of synthesizing enol ether initiators, enabled the preparation of numerous polymeric materials that are hard to access through traditional metal-mediated pathways. At the end of this Account, we provide a perspective on future opportunities in this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
| | - Victoria K. Kensy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
| | - Rachel L. Tritt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Daniel T. Seidenkranz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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12
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Liu J, Lu L, Wood D, Lin S. New Redox Strategies in Organic Synthesis by Means of Electrochemistry and Photochemistry. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1317-1340. [PMID: 32875074 PMCID: PMC7453421 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As the breadth of radical chemistry grows, new means to promote and regulate single-electron redox activities play increasingly important roles in driving modern synthetic innovation. In this regard, photochemistry and electrochemistry-both considered as niche fields for decades-have seen an explosive renewal of interest in recent years and gradually have become a cornerstone of organic chemistry. In this Outlook article, we examine the current state-of-the-art in the areas of electrochemistry and photochemistry, as well as the nascent area of electrophotochemistry. These techniques employ external stimuli to activate organic molecules and imbue privileged control of reaction progress and selectivity that is challenging to traditional chemical methods. Thus, they provide alternative entries to known and new reactive intermediates and enable distinct synthetic strategies that were previously unimaginable. Of the many hallmarks, electro- and photochemistry are often classified as "green" technologies, promoting organic reactions under mild conditions without the necessity for potent and wasteful oxidants and reductants. This Outlook reviews the most recent growth of these fields with special emphasis on conceptual advances that have given rise to enhanced accessibility to the tools of the modern chemical trade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New
York 14853, United States
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13
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Zhang X, Hu S, Ma Q, Liao S. Visible light-mediated ring-opening polymerization of lactones based on the excited state acidity of ESPT molecules. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00369g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A visible light-regulated ring-opening polymerization of lactones has been developed based on the excited state acidity of ESPT molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Siping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
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14
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Lu P, Boydston AJ. Integration of metal-free ring-opening metathesis polymerization and organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization through a bifunctional initiator. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01417e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the first integration of metal-free ROMP and organocatalyzed ROP to provide entirely metal-free syntheses of block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Lu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
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15
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Discekici EH, Anastasaki A, Read de Alaniz J, Hawker CJ. Evolution and Future Directions of Metal-Free Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emre H. Discekici
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Department, and Materials Research Laboratory University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Department, and Materials Research Laboratory University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Department, and Materials Research Laboratory University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Department, and Materials Research Laboratory University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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16
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Kottisch V, Supej MJ, Fors BP. Enhancing Temporal Control and Enabling Chain-End Modification in Photoregulated Cationic Polymerizations by Using Iridium-Based Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8260-8264. [PMID: 29750387 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Gaining temporal control over chain growth is a key challenge in the enhancement of controlled living polymerizations. Though research on photocontrolled polymerizations is still in its infancy, it has already proven useful in the development of previously inaccessible materials. Photocontrol has now been extended to cationic polymerizations using 2,4,6-triarylpyrylium salts as photocatalysts. Despite the ability to stop polymerization for a short time, monomer conversion was observed over long dark periods. Improved catalyst systems based on Ir complexes give optimal temporal control over chain growth. The excellent stability of these complexes and the ability to tune the excited and ground state redox potentials to regulate the number of monomer additions per cation formed allows polymerization to be halted for more than 20 hours. The excellent stability of these iridium catalysts in the presence of more nucleophilic species enables chain-end functionalization of these polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kottisch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Lab, 14853, Ithaca, USA
| | - Michael J Supej
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Lab, 14853, Ithaca, USA
| | - Brett P Fors
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Lab, 14853, Ithaca, USA
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17
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Kottisch V, Supej MJ, Fors BP. Enhancing Temporal Control and Enabling Chain‐End Modification in Photoregulated Cationic Polymerizations by Using Iridium‐Based Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kottisch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Baker Lab 14853 Ithaca USA
| | - Michael J. Supej
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Baker Lab 14853 Ithaca USA
| | - Brett P. Fors
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Baker Lab 14853 Ithaca USA
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18
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Lu P, Alrashdi NM, Boydston AJ. Bidirectional metal‐free ROMP from difunctional organic initiators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Lu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattle Washington98195
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19
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Teator AJ, Bielawski CW. Remote control grubbs catalysts that modulate ring‐opening metathesis polymerizations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Teator
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill North Carolina27599
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)Ulsan44919 Republic of Korea
- Department of ChemistryUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919 Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)Ulsan44919 Republic of Korea
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