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Yan H, Wang J, He X, Yu D, Qiu Y, Liao Y, Xie X. A quadruple-stimuli responsive supramolecular hydrogel constructed from a poly(acrylic acid) derivative and β-cyclodextrin dimer. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:5343-5350. [PMID: 38904343 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00507d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The fabrication of stimulus-responsive supramolecular hydrogels as smart materials has attracted much attention in recent years. However, the multi-stimuli responsiveness often requires complicated chemical synthesis and rational molecular design. Herein, a quadruple-stimuli responsive supramolecular hydrogel was designed through the host-guest interaction between a β-CD dimer and a methoxy-azobenzene (mAzo) and ferrocene (Fc) grafted poly(acrylic acid) derivative, as well as through the electrostatic interaction of negatively charged carboxyl side groups. Owing to the dynamic properties of the host-guest and electrostatic interactions, reversible sol-gel transition can be triggered by various stimuli, including temperature, light irradiations, pH changes and chemical redox reagents. As a result, the release of rhodamine B loaded in the hydrogel can be accelerated by green light irradiation, oxidizing agents and low pH, demonstrating potential applications in biomedical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xichan He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yonggui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Liao J, Feng Y, Zhang J, Li H, Zhou G. Asymmetric chiral disazo dopants with high anisotropy for versatile modulation of liquid crystal optics. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wang H, Bisoyi H, Zhang X, Hassan F, Li Q. Visible Light-Driven Molecular Switches and Motors: Recent Developments and Applications. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103906. [PMID: 34964995 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by human vision, a diverse range of light-driven molecular switches and motors has been developed for fundamental understanding and application in material science and biology. Recently, the design and synthesis of visible light-driven molecular switches and motors have been actively pursued. This emerging trend is partly motivated to avoid the harmful effects of ultraviolet light, which was necessary to drive the classical molecular switches and motors at least in one direction, impeding their employment in biomedical and photopharmacology applications. Moreover, visible light-driven molecular switches and motors are demonstrated to enable benign optical materials for advanced photonic devices. Therefore, during the past several years, visible light-driven molecular switches based on azobenzene derivatives, diarylethenes, 1,2-dicyanodithienylethenes, hemithioindigo derivatives, iminothioindoxyls, donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts, and overcrowded alkene based molecular motors have been judiciously designed, synthesized, and used in the development of functional materials and systems for a wide range of applications. In this Review, we present the recent developments toward the design of visible light-driven molecular switches and motors, with their applications in the fabrication of functional materials and systems in material science, bioscience, pharmacology, etc . The visible light-driven molecular switches and motors realized so far undoubtedly widen the scope of these interesting compounds for technological and biological applications. We hope this Review article could provide additional impetus and inspire further research interests for future exploration of visible light-driven advanced materials, systems, and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Kent State University, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, UNITED STATES
| | - Hari Bisoyi
- Kent State University, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, UNITED STATES
| | - Xinfang Zhang
- Kent State University, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institue, UNITED STATES
| | - Fathy Hassan
- Kent State University, Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, UNITED STATES
| | - Quan Li
- Kent State University, Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdiscinplary Program, 3273 Crown Pointe Drive, 44224, Stow, UNITED STATES
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Abstract
Smart soft materials are envisioned to be the building blocks of the next generation of advanced devices and digitally augmented technologies. In this context, liquid crystals (LCs) owing to their responsive and adaptive attributes could serve as promising smart soft materials. LCs played a critical role in revolutionizing the information display industry in the 20th century. However, in the turn of the 21st century, numerous beyond-display applications of LCs have been demonstrated, which elegantly exploit their controllable stimuli-responsive and adaptive characteristics. For these applications, new LC materials have been rationally designed and developed. In this Review, we present the recent developments in light driven chiral LCs, i.e., cholesteric and blue phases, LC based smart windows that control the entrance of heat and light from outdoor to the interior of buildings and built environments depending on the weather conditions, LC elastomers for bioinspired, biological, and actuator applications, LC based biosensors for detection of proteins, nucleic acids, and viruses, LC based porous membranes for the separation of ions, molecules, and microbes, living LCs, and LCs under macro- and nanoscopic confinement. The Review concludes with a summary and perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for LCs as smart soft materials. This Review is anticipated to stimulate eclectic ideas toward the implementation of the nature's delicate phase of matter in future generations of smart and augmented devices and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Krishna Bisoyi
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Quan Li
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States.,Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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Zhao DX, Jiang Q, Wang J, Qiu Y, Liao YG, Xie XL. Visible Light and Temperature Regulated Reflection Colors in Self-supporting Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Physical Gels. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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A triple-stimuli responsive supramolecular hydrogel based on methoxy-azobenzene-grafted poly(acrylic acid) and β-cyclodextrin dimer. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Jiang Q, Zhao D, Wang J, Yan H, Cao S, Qiu Y, Wang H, Liao Y, Xie X. Light regulation and long-lived stability of RGB colors in cholesteric liquid crystal physical gels via a mixing strategy. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:3216-3221. [PMID: 33624662 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02283g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photo-responsive cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) have attracted much attention due to the dynamic tunability of their unique helical superstructure. However, it is still a challenge to endow the mechanical properties and to regulate the reflection colors at the same time. In this work, a simple strategy is developed for the construction of thermo-responsive CLC physical gels via the direct mixing of photo-responsive dopants and a gelator with nematic LCs. The reflection colors of CLCs and the mechanical properties of gels can be independently regulated due to the separation of the photo-responsive chiral group from the gelator. In addition, the CLC reflection colors can be regulated via visible light in the range of RGB with long-lived thermal stability. Finally, the information storage properties of this kind of CLC gel have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Ryabchun A, Lancia F, Chen J, Morozov D, Feringa BL, Katsonis N. Helix Inversion Controlled by Molecular Motors in Multistate Liquid Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004420. [PMID: 33073425 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Unravelling the rules of molecular motion is a contemporary challenge that promises to support the development of responsive materials and is likely to enhance the understanding of functional motion. Advances in integrating light-driven molecular motors in soft matter have led to the design and realization of chiral nematic (cholesteric) liquid crystals that can respond to light with modification of their helical pitch, and also with helix inversion. Under illumination, these chiral liquid crystals convert from one helical geometry to another. Here, a series of light-driven molecular motors that feature a rich configurational landscape is presented, specifically which involves three stable chiral states. The succession of chiral structures involved in the motor cycle is transmitted at higher structural levels, as the cholesteric liquid crystals that are formed can interconvert between helices of opposite handedness, reversibly. In these materials, the dynamic features of the motors are thus expressed at the near-macroscopic, functional level, into addressable colors that can be used in advanced materials for tunable optics and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ryabchun
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 8, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Federico Lancia
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 8, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dmitry Morozov
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Katsonis
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 8, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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Yan H, Qiu Y, Wang J, Jiang Q, Wang H, Liao Y, Xie X. Wholly Visible-Light-Responsive Host-Guest Supramolecular Gels Based on Methoxy Azobenzene and β-Cyclodextrin Dimers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:7408-7417. [PMID: 32486643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Much attention has been paid to construct photoresponsive host-guest supramolecular gels; however, red-shifting the responsive wavelength remains a formidable challenge. Here, a wholly visible-light-responsive supramolecular gel was fabricated through the host-guest interaction between a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) dimer and a tetra-ortho-methoxy-substituted azobenzene (mAzo) dimer (binary gelator) in DMSO/H2O (V/V = 8/2). The minimum gelation concentration of the low-molecular-weight binary gelator was 6 wt % measured via the tube inversion method. The substituted methoxy groups shifted the responsive wavelengths of trans-mAzo and cis-mAzo to the green and blue light regions, respectively. The host-guest interaction between mAzo and β-CD as the driving force for gelation was confirmed using the 1H-NMR and 2D 1H NOESY spectra. The supramolecular gel showed good self-supporting ability with a storage modulus higher than 104 Pa. The release of Rhodamine B loaded in the gel as a model drug could be controlled by green light irradiation. We envisioned the potential applications of the wholly visible-light-responsive supramolecular compounds ranging from biomedical materials to smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yonggui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die&Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die&Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Wang H, Bisoyi HK, Li BX, McConney ME, Bunning TJ, Li Q. Visible-Light-Driven Halogen Bond Donor Based Molecular Switches: From Reversible Unwinding to Handedness Inversion in Self-Organized Soft Helical Superstructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2684-2687. [PMID: 31802595 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light-driven molecular switches endowing reversible modulation of the functionalities of self-organized soft materials are currently highly sought after for fundamental scientific studies and technological applications. Reported herein are the design and synthesis of two novel halogen bond donor based chiral molecular switches that exhibit reversible photoisomerization upon exposure to visible light of different wavelengths. These chiral molecular switches induce photoresponsive helical superstructures, that is, cholesteric liquid crystals, when doped into the commercially available room-temperature achiral liquid crystal host 5CB, which also acts as a halogen-bond acceptor. The induced helical superstructure containing the molecular switch with terminal iodo atoms exhibits visible-light-driven reversible unwinding, that is, a cholesteric-nematic phase transition. Interestingly, the molecular switch with terminal bromo atoms confers reversible handedness inversion to the helical superstructure upon irradiation with visible light of different wavelengths. This visible-light-driven, reversible handedness inversion, enabled by a halogen bond donor molecular switch, is unprecedented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Hari Krishna Bisoyi
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Bing-Xiang Li
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Michael E McConney
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Timothy J Bunning
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Quan Li
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
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Wang H, Bisoyi HK, Li B, McConney ME, Bunning TJ, Li Q. Visible‐Light‐Driven Halogen Bond Donor Based Molecular Switches: From Reversible Unwinding to Handedness Inversion in Self‐Organized Soft Helical Superstructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Kent State University Kent OH 44242 USA
| | - Hari Krishna Bisoyi
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Kent State University Kent OH 44242 USA
| | - Bing‐Xiang Li
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Kent State University Kent OH 44242 USA
| | - Michael E. McConney
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA
| | - Timothy J. Bunning
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA
| | - Quan Li
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Kent State University Kent OH 44242 USA
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Tong X, Qiu Y, Zhao X, Xiong B, Liao R, Peng H, Liao Y, Xie X. Visible light-triggered gel-to-sol transition in halogen-bond-based supramolecules. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:6411-6417. [PMID: 31334529 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01310e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive supramolecular gels have aroused continuous attention because of their extensive applications; however, most studies utilize UV light, which inevitably brings about some health and environmental issues. The halogen bond is an important driving force for constructing supramolecules due to its high directionality, tunable strength, good hydrophobicity, and large size of the halogen atoms. Yet, it still remains a formidable challenge to utilize halogen bonds as a driving force to fabricate a visible light responsive gel. In this work, to fabricate such a gel, azopyridine-containing Azopy-Cn (n = 8, 10, 12) was selected as a halogen bond acceptor, while 1,2-bis(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-iodophenyl)diazene (BTFIPD) was chosen as both the halogen bond donor and visible light responsive moiety. The visible light response of BTFIPD resulted from the significant separation of n-π* energy levels between trans and cis isomers due to the introduction of an electron-withdrawing group (fluorine) to azobenzene at the ortho-position. Interestingly, the gel exhibited a good gel-to-sol transition behavior upon green light irradiation. At the same time, the morphologies varied from uniform narrow flakes to broad sheets with increasing illumination time. We provide an environmentally-friendly visible light-triggered method to regulate the phase transition of supramolecular materials in applications ranging from energy conversion to information storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Tong
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Bijin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Rongzhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Haiyan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yonggui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China. and National Anti-counterfeit Engineering Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China. and National Anti-counterfeit Engineering Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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