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Sathe D, Yoon S, Wang Z, Chen H, Wang J. Deconstruction of Polymers through Olefin Metathesis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7007-7044. [PMID: 38787934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The consumption of synthetic polymers has ballooned; so has the amount of post-consumer waste generated. The current polymer economy, however, is largely linear with most of the post-consumer waste being either landfilled or incinerated. The lack of recycling, together with the sizable carbon footprint of the polymer industry, has led to major negative environmental impacts. Over the past few years, chemical recycling technologies have gained significant traction as a possible technological route to tackle these challenges. In this regard, olefin metathesis, with its versatility and ease of operation, has emerged as an attractive tool. Here, we discuss the developments in olefin-metathesis-based chemical recycling technologies, including the development of new materials and the application of olefin metathesis to the recycling of commercial materials. We delve into structure-reactivity relationships in the context of polymerization-depolymerization behavior, how experimental conditions influence deconstruction outcomes, and the reaction pathways underlying these approaches. We also look at the current hurdles in adopting these technologies and relevant future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devavrat Sathe
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Seiyoung Yoon
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Zeyu Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Hanlin Chen
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Junpeng Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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Ibrahim T, Ritacco A, Nalley D, Emon OF, Liang Y, Sun H. Chemical recycling of polyolefins via ring-closing metathesis depolymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1361-1371. [PMID: 38213307 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05612k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The current insufficient recycling of commodity polymer waste has resulted in pressing environmental and human health issues in our modern society. In the quest for next-generation polymer materials, chemists have recently shifted their attention to the design of chemically recyclable polymers that can undergo depolymerization to regenerate monomers under mild conditions. During the past decade, ring-closing metathesis reactions have been demonstrated to be a robust approach for the depolymerization of polyolefins, producing low-strain cyclic alkene products which can be repolymerized back to new batches of polymers. In this review, we aim to highlight the recent advances in chemical recycling of polyolefins enabled by ring-closing metathesis depolymerization (RCMD). A library of depolymerizable polyolefins will be covered based on the ring size of their monomers or depolymerization products, including five-membered, six-membered, eight-membered, and macrocyclic rings. Moreover, current limitations, potential applications, and future opportunities of the RCMD approach will be discussed. It is clear from recent research in this field that RCMD represents a powerful strategy towards closed-loop chemical recycling of novel polyolefin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
| | - Angelo Ritacco
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
| | - Daniel Nalley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
| | - Omar Faruk Emon
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Yifei Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
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Xie M, Zhang L, Quan Y, Wang H, Han H, Liao X, Sun R. Tandem metathesis depolymerization and cyclopolymerization toward flexible-rigid block copolymer with unique damping properties. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00521b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metathesis depolymerization (MDP) of natural rubber (NR) was readily conducted to afford depolymerized NR (dNRx) bearing the living chain end, which can initiate metathesis cyclopolymerization (MCP) of 1,6-heptadiyne monomers to...
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Zhang J, Shang C, Yu Z, Wang L, Tang J, Huang F. Effect of the Crosslinking Degree on Self-Healing Poly(1,2,3-Triazolium) Adhesive. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100236. [PMID: 34418203 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent materials are a class of polymer that could be stress-relaxation, reprocessable, and self-healing due to dynamic crosslinks in network. Dynamic crosslinks play an important role in the typical characteristic of self-healing polymers. It is meaningful to understand the effect of crosslinking degree on the properties of poly(1,2,3-triazolium) (PTAM). In this article, the dynamic covalent network of PTAM adhesive has been used to study the effect of crosslinking degree. A series of PTAM adhesive with different crosslinking degrees have been obtained by changing the amount of crosslinker. Adhesion property can first rise then fall down with the increase of crosslinking degree and the best lap-shear strength is above 20 MPa. Creep resistance and solvent resistance can be enhanced with the increase of crosslinking degree. Self-healing studies have shown that crosslinking degree can enhance the ability of self-healing, but too high crosslinking degree raises the temperature of self-healing and causes side reaction which reduces the self-healing efficiency. These results provide some insights for the influence of the crosslinking degree on the self-healing and the structural design of dynamic covalent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chengyuan Shang
- Research and Application Center for Structural Composites, Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology, Beijing, 100076, China
| | - Zhuoer Yu
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Linxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Junkun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Farong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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