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Gencosman E, Kiliclar HC, Fiedor P, Yilmaz G, Ortyl J, Yagci Y, Kiskan B. Exploiting Visible-Light Induced Radical to Cation Transformation Pathway for Reactivity Enhanced Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Polymerization of Heteroaromatics. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300458. [PMID: 37955104 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward approach is employed to synthesize methylene-bridged poly(hetero aromatic)s based on furan, pyrrole, thiophene, and thiophene derivatives. The process involves an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction facilitated by a visible light-initiated system consisting of manganese decacarbonyl and an iodonium salt. The approach mainly relies on the formation of halomethylium cation, the attack of this cation to heteroaromatic, regeneration of methylium cation on the heteroaromatic, and reactivity differences between halomethylium and heteroaromatic methylium cations for successful polymerizations. This innovative synthetic strategy lead to the formation of polymers with relatively high molecular weights as the stoichiometric imbalance between the comonomers increased. Accordingly, these newly obtained polymers exhibit remarkable fluorescence properties, even at excitation wavelengths as low as 330 nm. Moreover, by harnessing the halogens at chain ends of homopolymers, block copolymers are successfully synthesized, offering opportunities for tailored applications in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emirhan Gencosman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Cem Kiliclar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Pawel Fiedor
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, Kraków, 31-155, Poland
| | - Gorkem Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, Kraków, 31-155, Poland
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Baris Kiskan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
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Kaya K, Kiliclar HC, Yagci Y. Photochemically generated ionic species for cationic and step-growth polymerizations. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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Tomal W, Kiliclar HC, Fiedor P, Ortyl J, Yagci Y. Visible Light Induced High Resolution and Swift 3D Printing System by Halogen Atom Transfer. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200661. [PMID: 36134541 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
3D printing technology offers solutions for numerous needs in industry and the daily life of individuals. In recent years, most research efforts have focused on this technology as the market share has grown and requirements have become specified in their related fields. In this work, a novel visible light induced 3D printing system with high resolution and short printing time using dimanganese decacarbonyl (Mn2 (CO)10 ) in combination with organic halides is reported. The radicals formed through halogen abstraction by photochemically generated manganese pentacarbonyl from organic halides with high quantum efficiency initiate the polymerization of acrylic resins. The kinetics of the process using various halide-containing molecules in the photoinitiaiting system are investigated with real-time fourrier transform infrared spectroscopy and photo-differential scanning calorimetry analyses, and the characteristics of 3D printouts are presented and compared with that of the commercial photoinitiator, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide without Mn2 (CO)10 . The results obtained confirm that the combination of Mn2 (CO)10 and structurally diverse organic halides is a class of promising 3D system for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Tomal
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, Kraków, 31-155, Poland
| | - Huseyin Cem Kiliclar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Pawel Fiedor
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, Kraków, 31-155, Poland
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, Kraków, 31-155, Poland
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
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Aydogan C, Yilmaz G, Shegiwal A, Haddleton DM, Yagci Y. Photoinduced Controlled/Living Polymerizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117377. [PMID: 35128771 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The application of photochemistry in polymer synthesis is of interest due to the unique possibilities offered compared to thermochemistry, including topological and temporal control, rapid polymerization, sustainable low-energy processes, and environmentally benign features leading to established and emerging applications in adhesives, coatings, adaptive manufacturing, etc. In particular, the utilization of photochemistry in controlled/living polymerizations often offers the capability for precise control over the macromolecular structure and chain length in addition to the associated advantages of photochemistry. Herein, the latest developments in photocontrolled living radical and cationic polymerizations and their combinations for application in polymer syntheses are discussed. This Review summarizes and highlights recent studies in the emerging area of photoinduced controlled/living polymerizations. A discussion of mechanistic details highlights differences as well as parallels between different systems for different polymerization methods and monomer applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Aydogan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Gorkem Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ataulla Shegiwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - David M Haddleton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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Aydogan C, Yilmaz G, Shegiwal A, Haddleton DM, Yagci Y. Photoinduced Controlled/Living Polymerizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Aydogan
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Letters Istanbul Technical University 34469 Maslak Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Gorkem Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Letters Istanbul Technical University 34469 Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ataulla Shegiwal
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Letters Istanbul Technical University 34469 Maslak Istanbul Turkey
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Esen C, Antonietti M, Kumru B. On the photopolymerization of mevalonic lactone methacrylate: exposing the potential of an overlooked monomer. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01497h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript will exhibit the photopolymerization of mevalonic lactone methacrylate, an overlooked monomer, and how functional polymers with lactone pendant units can be synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Esen
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Baris Kumru
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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Kiliclar HC, Gencosman E, Yagci Y. Visible Light Induced Conventional Step-Growth and Chain-Growth Condensation Polymerizations by Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100584. [PMID: 34610174 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel visible light induced step-growth polymerization by electrophilic aromatic substitution between photochemically generated carbocations and dimethoxybenzene nucleophile is described. Conventional step-growth polymerization and chain-growth condensation polymerization (CCP) mechanisms are presented. It is found that by changing the molar ratios of the monomers slightly, the CCP mechanism becomes operative and relatively higher molecular weight polymers are obtained because of the higher reactivity of the end groups of the intermediates and oligomers than that of the monomers. The possibility of grafting onto polymers containing epoxide at their side chains by photoinduced chain end activation of poly(dimethoxyphenylene methylene) is demonstrated. This study is expected to promote potential applications of the combination of photoinduced electron transfer reactions and CCP in macromolecular synthesis and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Cem Kiliclar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Emirhan Gencosman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Bener S, Yilmaz G, Yagci Y. Directly and Indirectly Acting Photoinitiating Systems for Ring‐Opening Polymerization of ϵ‐Caprolactone. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Semira Bener
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Science and Letters 34469 Maslak, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Gorkem Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Science and Letters 34469 Maslak, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Science and Letters 34469 Maslak, Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Chemistry Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University PO Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Kiliclar HC, Altinkok C, Yilmaz G, Yagci Y. Visible light induced step-growth polymerization by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5398-5401. [PMID: 33942841 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01444g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel visible light induced step-growth polymerization to form poly(phenylene methylene) by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions is described. The effect of different nucleophilic aromatic molecules on polymerization has been investigated. The possibility of combining step-growth polymerization with conventional free radical and free radical promoted cationic polymerizations through photoinduced chain-end activation has been demonstrated. Highly fluorescent fibers of the resulting block copolymers were obtained using the electrospinning technique. The versatile photoinduced step-growth polymerization process reported herein paves the way for a new generation of polycondensates and their combination with chain polymers that cannot be obtained by conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Cem Kiliclar
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
| | - Cagatay Altinkok
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
| | - Gorkem Yilmaz
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
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