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Chimene D, Saleem W, Longbottom N, Ko B, Jeevarathinam AS, Horn S, McShane MJ. Long-Term Evaluation of Inserted Nanocomposite Hydrogel-Based Phosphorescent Oxygen Biosensors: Evolution of Local Tissue Oxygen Levels and Foreign Body Response. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3964-3980. [PMID: 38809780 PMCID: PMC11190996 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorescence-based oxygen-sensing hydrogels are a promising platform technology for an upcoming generation of insertable biosensors that are smaller, softer, and potentially more biocompatible than earlier designs. However, much remains unknown about their long-term performance and biocompatibility in vivo. In this paper, we design and evaluate a range of hydrogel sensors that contain oxygen-sensitive phosphors stabilized by micro- and nanocarrier systems. These devices demonstrated consistently good performance and biocompatibility in young adult rats for over three months. This study thoroughly establishes the biocompatibility and long-term suitability of phosphorescence lifetime sensors in vivo, providing the groundwork for expansion of this platform technology into a family of small, unobtrusive biosensors for a range of clinically relevant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chimene
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Waqas Saleem
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Nichole Longbottom
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Veterinary Anatomy and Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Brian Ko
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | | | - Staci Horn
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Veterinary Anatomy and Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Michael J. McShane
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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2
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Watkins Z, McHenry A, Heikenfeld J. Wearing the Lab: Advances and Challenges in Skin-Interfaced Systems for Continuous Biochemical Sensing. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 187:223-282. [PMID: 38273210 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Continuous, on-demand, and, most importantly, contextual data regarding individual biomarker concentrations exemplify the holy grail for personalized health and performance monitoring. This is well-illustrated for continuous glucose monitoring, which has drastically improved outcomes and quality of life for diabetic patients over the past 2 decades. Recent advances in wearable biosensing technologies (biorecognition elements, transduction mechanisms, materials, and integration schemes) have begun to make monitoring of other clinically relevant analytes a reality via minimally invasive skin-interfaced devices. However, several challenges concerning sensitivity, specificity, calibration, sensor longevity, and overall device lifetime must be addressed before these systems can be made commercially viable. In this chapter, a logical framework for developing a wearable skin-interfaced device for a desired application is proposed with careful consideration of the feasibility of monitoring certain analytes in sweat and interstitial fluid and the current development of the tools available to do so. Specifically, we focus on recent advancements in the engineering of biorecognition elements, the development of more robust signal transduction mechanisms, and novel integration schemes that allow for continuous quantitative analysis. Furthermore, we highlight the most compelling and promising prospects in the field of wearable biosensing and the challenges that remain in translating these technologies into useful products for disease management and for optimizing human performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Watkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Adam McHenry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jason Heikenfeld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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3
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Zhao D, Xiao P, Dong X, Ge Y, Guo X, Ji J, Cheng Y, Sang S. A mechanical biosensor based on membrane-mediated magneto-stress-electric coupled sensitization for human serum albumin detection. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9658-9665. [PMID: 37751229 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01268a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, mechanical biosensors have attracted more attention on single molecule detection due to its high accuracy, low cost, and convenience. However, the sensitivity of the mechanical biosensors restricted their clinical application. Herein, a mechanical biosensor based on membrane-mediated magneto-stress-electric coupled sensitization (MSEC-MMB) was developed to enhance performance. Through introducing Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNPs) to traditional stress-electric biosensors and applying a magnetic field, a magneto-stress-electric coupled biosensing system was constructed. The sensitivity of the MSEC-MMB was improved via enhancing the deformation of the mechanical membrane, which was demonstrated by detecting HSA. The optimal limit of detection (LOD) was 24 pg mL-1 under a magnetic field of 50 mT. The LOD was significantly 1 order of magnitude lower than that without the magnetic field. Besides, the MSEC-MMB showed a high specificity, selectivity, and stability. The clinical proteinuria samples were accurately detected, suggesting a good practicability of the MSEC-MMB. All these results proved the high sensitivity and practicality of the MSEC-MMB and provide a platform for early nephropathy diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Pengli Xiao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | | | - Yang Ge
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Xing Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Jianlong Ji
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Shengbo Sang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
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4
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Colvin L, Tu D, Dunlap D, Rios A, Coté G. A Polarity-Sensitive Far-Red Fluorescent Probe for Glucose Sensing through Skin. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:788. [PMID: 37622875 PMCID: PMC10452146 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The field of glucose biosensors for diabetes management has been of great interest over the past 60 years. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is important to continuously track the glucose level to provide better management of the disease. Concanavalin A (ConA) can reversibly bind to glucose and mannose molecules and form a glucose biosensor via competitive binding. Here, we developed a glucose biosensor using ConA and a fluorescent probe, which generated a fluorescent intensity change based on solvatochromism, the reversible change in the emission spectrum dependent on the polarity of the solvent. The direction in which the wavelength shifts as the solvent polarity increases can be defined as positive (red-shift), negative (blue-shift), or a combination of the two, referred to as reverse. To translate this biosensor to a subcutaneously implanted format, Cyanine 5.5 (Cy5.5)-labeled small mannose molecules were used, which allows for the far-red excitation wavelength range to increase the skin penetration depth of the light source and returned emission. Three Cy5.5-labeled small mannose molecules were synthesized and compared when used as the competing ligand in the competitive binding biosensor. We explored the polarity-sensitive nature of the competing ligands and examined the biosensor's glucose response. Cy5.5-mannotetraose performed best as a biosensor, allowing for the detection of glucose from 25 to 400 mg/dL. Thus, this assay is responsive to glucose within the physiologic range when its concentration is increased to levels needed for an implantable design. The biosensor response is not statistically different when placed under different skin pigmentations when comparing the percent increase in fluorescence intensity. This shows the ability of the biosensor to produce a repeatable signal across the physiologic range for subcutaneous glucose monitoring under various skin tones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Colvin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Dandan Tu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Darin Dunlap
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alberto Rios
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Gerard Coté
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Williams TJ, Jeevarathinam AS, Jivan F, Baldock V, Kim P, McShane MJ, Alge DL. Glucose biosensors based on Michael addition crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels with chemo-optical sensing microdomains. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:1749-1759. [PMID: 36723375 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02339c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices have the potential to lead to better disease management and improved outcomes in patients with diabetes. Chemo-optical glucose sensors offer a promising, accurate, long-term alternative to the current CGMs that require frequent calibration and replacement. Recently, we have proposed glucose sensor designs using phosphorescence lifetime-based measurement of chemo-optical glucose sensing microdomains embedded within alginate hydrogels. Due to the poor long-term stability of calcium-crosslinked alginate, we propose poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels synthesized via thiol-Michael addition chemistry as an alternative hydrogel carrier. The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of Michael addition crosslinked PEG hydrogels compared to calcium crosslinked alginate hydrogels for encapsulating glucose-sensing microdomains. PEG hydrogels crosslinked via thiol-vinyl sulfone addition achieved gelation in under 5 minutes, resulting in an even distribution of sensing microdomains. The shear storage modulus of the PEG hydrogels was tunable from 2.2 ± 0.1 kPa to 9.5 ± 1.8 kPa, which was comparable to the alginate hydrogels (10.5 ± 0.8 kPa), and the inclusion of microdomains did not significantly impact stiffness. The high water content of PEG hydrogels resulted in high glucose permeability that closely corresponded to the glucose permeability of alginate (D = 0.09 and 0.12 cm2 s-1, respectively; p = 0.47), but the PEG hydrogels exhibited superior stability. Both PEG and alginate-embedded sensors exhibited a sensing range up to ∼200 mg dL-1 glucose. The lower limits of detection (LOD) for PEG and alginate-based glucose sensors were 19.8 and 20.6 mg dL-1 with a difference of just 4.2% variation. The small difference between PEG and alginate embedded sensors indicates that their sensing properties are primarily determined by the glucose sensing microdomains rather than the hydrogel matrix. Overall, the results of this study indicate that Michael addition-crosslinked PEG hydrogels are a promising platform for encapsulation of chemo-optical glucose sensing microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrell J Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
| | | | - Faraz Jivan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
| | - Victoria Baldock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
| | - Paul Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
| | - Michael J McShane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel L Alge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Dong P, Singh KA, Soltes AM, Ko BS, Gaharwar AK, McShane MJ, Grunlan MA. Silicone-containing thermoresponsive membranes to form an optical glucose biosensor. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6118-6132. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucose biosensors that could be subcutaneously injected and interrogated without a physically connected electrode and transmitter affixed to skin would represent a major advancement in reducing the user burden of...
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