1
|
Chen Y, Wu S, Guo B, Jin B, Yang H, Chen J, Wu W, Zhang L. Separating Charge Centers of Chain Segments in Dielectric Elastomer through Steric Hindrance Engineering. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400295. [PMID: 38771981 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Theoretically, separating the positive and negative charge centers of the chain segments of dielectric elastomers (DEs) is a viable alternative to the conventional decoration of chain backbone with polar handles, since it can dramatically increase the dipole vector and hence the dielectric constant (ε') of the DEs while circumvent the undesired impact of the decorated polar handles on the dielectric loss (tan δ). Herein, a novel and universal method is demonstrated to achieve effective separation of the charge centers of chain segments in homogeneous DEs by steric hindrance engineering, i.e., by incorporating a series of different included angle-containing building blocks into the networks. Both experimental and simulation results have shown that the introduction of these building blocks can create a spatially fixed included angle between two adjacent chain segments, thus separating the charge center of the associated region. Accordingly, incorporating a minimal amount of these building blocks (≈5 mol%) can lead to a considerably sharp increase (≈50%) in the ε' of the DEs while maintaining an extremely low tan δ (≈0.006@1 kHz), indicating that this methodology can substantially optimize the dielectric performance of DEs based on a completely different mechanism from the established methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifu Chen
- Institute of Emergent Elastomers, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Siwu Wu
- Institute of Emergent Elastomers, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Baochun Guo
- Institute of Emergent Elastomers, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Binjie Jin
- Institute of Emergent Elastomers, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Haixin Yang
- Institute of Emergent Elastomers, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Jialiang Chen
- Institute of Emergent Elastomers, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Wenjie Wu
- Institute of Emergent Elastomers, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Institute of Emergent Elastomers, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fan X, Zhang H, Wei Y, Huang Y, He H, Wang Y, Meng Q, Wu W. Study of a Mixed Conductive Layer Fabricated by Ion Implantation and Distribution Theory. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020270. [PMID: 36679151 PMCID: PMC9866694 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrodes are essential parts of capacitors that can consist of a variety of materials depending on the application. In dielectric elastomer transducers (DETs)-a type of special variable capacitor-the electrode needs to deform with a soft base. However, the current carbon-based electrodes are not stable, and the metal-based ones are not flexible for use in DETs. Thus, the need to fabricate an electrode which can meet both the stability and flexibility requirements is extremely important. In this work, silver ions with energy levels of 40 keV were implanted into the surface of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to explore the effect of ion implantation on surface conductivity. The experimental results showed that the surface resistivity of PDMS reached 251.85 kΩ per square and dropped by 10 orders of magnitude after ion implantation. This indicates that the surface conductivity was significantly improved. EDS characterization results showed that the maximum penetration depth that ions could reach was about 2.5 μm. The surface resistivity of the sample coated with carbon black was further reduced by an order of magnitude after ion implantation and changed more stably with time. A quasi-melting-collision model was established to investigate the distribution of carbon black particles. The concentration of carbon black particles at a distance from the PDMS surface followed a Gaussian-like distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Fan
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yi Wei
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yao Huang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huimei He
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yun Wang
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qingyun Meng
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (Q.M.); (W.W.)
| | - Wenjie Wu
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (Q.M.); (W.W.)
| |
Collapse
|