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Wang Y, Wei Z, Ji T, Bai R, Zhu H. Highly Ionic Conductive, Stretchable, and Tough Ionogel for Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitor. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307019. [PMID: 38111366 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for wearable electronics calls for advanced energy storage solutions that integrate high electrochemical performances and mechanical robustness. Ionogel is a promising candidate due to its stretchability combined with high ionic conductivity. However, simultaneously optimizing both the electrochemical and mechanical performance of ionogels remains a challenge. This paper reports a tough and highly ion-conductive ionogel through ion impregnation and solvent exchange. The fabricated ionogel consists of double interpenetrating networks of long polymer chains that provide high stretchability. The polymer chains are crosslinked by hydrogen bonds that induce large energy dissipation for enhanced toughness. The resultant ionogel possesses mechanical stretchability of 26, tensile strength of 1.34 MPa, and fracture toughness of 4175 J m-2. Meanwhile, due to the high ion concentrations and ion mobility in the gel, a high ionic conductivity of 3.18 S m-1 at room temperature is achieved. A supercapacitor of this ionogel sandwiched with porous fiber electrodes provides remarkable areal capacitance (615 mF cm-2 at 1 mA cm-2), energy density (341.7 µWh cm-2 at 1 mA cm-2), and power density (20 mW cm-2 at 10 mA cm-2), offering significant advantages in applications where high efficiency, compact size, and rapid energy delivery are crucial, such as flexible and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhengxuan Wei
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tongtai Ji
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ruobing Bai
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hongli Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Wu Y, Yang L, Wang J, Li S, Zhang X, Chen D, Ma Y, Yang W. Degradable Supramolecular Eutectogel-Based Ionic Skin with Antibacterial, Adhesive, and Self-Healable Capabilities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:36759-36770. [PMID: 37477654 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of degradable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly ionic conductive gels is highly required to reduce electronic waste originating from flexible electronic devices. However, biocompatible, degradable, tough, and durable conductive gels are challenging to achieve. Herein, we develop a facile strategy for the design and synthesis of degradable tough eutectogels by integrating an electrostatically driven supramolecular network composed of branched polyacrylic acid (PAA) and monoethanolamine (MEA) into a green deep eutectic solvent with chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (CQS). The specially designed PAA/MEA/CQS eutectogels present multiple desired properties, including high transparency, widely adjustable mechanical properties, high resilience, reliable adhesiveness, excellent self-healing ability, good conductivity, remarkable anti-freezing performance, and antibacterial properties. The dynamic and reversible supramolecular interactions not only significantly enhance the mechanical properties of the PAA/MEA/CQS eutectogels but also enable fast degradation, addressing the dilemma between mechanical strength and degradability. More importantly, a biocompatible and degradable multifunctional ionic skin is successfully fabricated based on the PAA/MEA/CQS eutectogel, exhibiting high sensitivity, a wide sensing range, and a rapid response speed toward strain, pressure, and temperature. Thus, this study offers a promising strategy for fabricating degradable tough eutectogels, which show great potential as high-performance ionic skins for next-generation flexible wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiadong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sirui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xianhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Syntheses and Applications of Waterborne Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuhong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Syntheses and Applications of Waterborne Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wantai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing 100029, China
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