1
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Armentrout PB. Quantitative Aspects of Gas-Phase Metal Ion Chemistry: Conservation of Spin, Participation of f Orbitals, and C-H Activation and C-C Coupling. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9641-9653. [PMID: 37957118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In this Featured Article, I reflect on over 40 years of guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometry (GIBMS) studies involving atomic metal cations and their clusters throughout the periodic table. Studies that have considered the role of spin conservation (or lack thereof) are a primary focus with a quantitative assessment of the effects examined. A need for state-specific studies of heavier elements is noted, as is a more quantitative assessment of spin-orbit interactions in reactivity. Because GIBMS experiments explicitly evaluate the kinetic energy dependence of reactions over a wide range, several interesting and unusual observations are highlighted. More detailed studies of such unusual reaction events would be welcome. Activation of C-H bonds and ensuing C-C coupling events are reviewed, with future work encouraged. Finally, studies of lanthanides and actinides are examined with an eye on understanding the role of f orbitals in the chemistry, both as participants (or not) in the bonding and as sources/sinks of electron density. This area seems to be ripe for more quantitative experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Armentrout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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2
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Colley J, Dynak NJ, Blais JRC, Duncan MA. Photodissociation Spectroscopy and Photofragment Imaging to Probe Fe +(Benzene) 1,2 Dissociation Energies. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2795-2804. [PMID: 36920853 PMCID: PMC10068738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Tunable laser photodissociation spectroscopy measurements and photofragment imaging experiments are employed to investigate the dissociation energy of the Fe+(benzene) ion-molecule complex. Additional spectroscopy measurements determine the dissociation energy of Fe+(benzene)2. The dissociation energies for Fe+(benzene) determined from the threshold for the appearance of the Fe+ fragment (48.4 ± 0.2 kcal/mol) and photofragment imaging (≤49.3 ± 3.2 kcal/mol) agree nicely with each other and with the value determined previously by collision-induced dissociation (49.5 ± 2.9 kcal/mol), but they are lower than the values produced by computational chemistry at the density functional theory level using different functionals recommended for transition-metal chemistry. The threshold measurement for Fe+(benzene)2 (43.0 ± 0.2 kcal/mol) likewise agrees with the value (44.7 ± 3.8 kcal/mol) from previous collision-induced dissociation measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason
E. Colley
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Nathan J. Dynak
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - John R. C. Blais
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Michael A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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3
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Massi L, Gal JF, Dunach E. Metal triflates as catalysts in organic synthesis: characterization of their Lewis acidity by mass spectrometry. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200037. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Massi
- Universite Cote d'Azur Institut de Chimie de Nice FRANCE
| | | | - Elisabet Dunach
- CNRS Institut de Chimie de Nice Parc ValroseFaculte Sciences 06108 Nice cedex 2 FRANCE
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-hui Mou
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Gui-duo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zi-yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sheng-gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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5
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Brathwaite AD, Ward TB, Marks JH, Duncan MA. Coordination and Solvation in Gas-Phase Ag+(C2H2)n Complexes Studied with Selected-Ion Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:8562-8573. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy B. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Joshua H. Marks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Michael A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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6
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Chang YC, Xu Y, Ng CY. Quantum state control on the chemical reactivity of a transition metal vanadium cation in carbon dioxide activation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:6868-6877. [PMID: 30887995 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00575g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By combining a newly developed two-color laser pulsed field ionization-photoion (PFI-PI) source and a double-quadrupole-double-octopole (DQDO) mass spectrometer, we investigated the integral cross sections (σs) of the vanadium cation (V+) toward the activation of CO2 in the center-of-mass kinetic energy (Ecm) range from 0.1 to 10.0 eV. Here, V+ was prepared in single spin-orbit levels of its lowest electronic states, a5DJ (J = 0-4), a5FJ (J = 1-5), and a3FJ (J = 2-4), with well-defined kinetic energies. For both product channels VO+ + CO and VCO+ + O identified, V+(a3F2,3) is found to be greatly more reactive than V+(a5D0,2) and V+(a5F1,2), suggesting that the V+ + CO2 reaction system mainly proceeds via a "weak quintet-to-triplet spin-crossing" mechanism favoring the conservation of total electron spins. In addition, no J-state dependence was observed. The distinctive structures of the quantum electronic state selected integral cross sections observed as a function of Ecm and the electronic state of the V+ ion indicate that the difference in the chemical reactivity of the title reaction originated from the quantum-state instead of energy effects. Furthermore, this work suggests that the selection of the quantum electronic states a3FJ (J = 2-4) of the transition metal V+ ion can greatly enhance the efficiency of CO2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih Chung Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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7
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Chang YC, Xiong B, Xu Y, Ng CY. Quantum Spin–Orbit Electronic State Selection of Atomic Transition Metal Vanadium Cation for Chemical Reactivity Studies. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2310-2319. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yih Chung Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bo Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yuntao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Cheuk-Yiu Ng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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8
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9
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Zhang T, Li ZY, Liu QY, He SG. Chemical Ionization of Large Linear Alkanes and Small Oxidized Volatile Organic Compounds by the Reactions with Atomic Gold Cations. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9083-9090. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory
for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education
Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory
for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education
Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory
for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education
Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory
for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education
Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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10
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de Jong WA, Dau PD, Wilson RE, Marçalo J, Van Stipdonk MJ, Corcovilos TA, Berden G, Martens J, Oomens J, Gibson JK. Revealing Disparate Chemistries of Protactinium and Uranium. Synthesis of the Molecular Uranium Tetroxide Anion, UO4–. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:3686-3694. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wibe A. de Jong
- Computational Research
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Phuong D. Dau
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richard E. Wilson
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Joaquim Marçalo
- Centro
de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela Loures, Portugal
| | - Michael J. Van Stipdonk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Theodore A. Corcovilos
- Department of
Physics, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Giel Berden
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and
Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and
Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and
Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- van ‘t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science
Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John K. Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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11
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Armentrout PB. Methane Activation by 5 d Transition Metals: Energetics, Mechanisms, and Periodic Trends. Chemistry 2016; 23:10-18. [PMID: 27466065 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been known for almost three decades that several 5d transition-metal cations will activate methane at room temperature, a more detailed examination of these reactions across the periodic table has only recently been completed. In this Minireview, we compare and contrast studies of the kinetic energy dependence of these reactions as studied using guided-ion-beam tandem mass spectrometry. Thermochemistry for the various products observed (MH+ , MH2+ , MC+ , MCH+ , MCH2+ , and MCH3+ ) are collected and periodic trends evaluated and discussed. The mechanisms for the reactions as elucidated by synergistic quantum chemical calculations are also reviewed. Recent spectroscopic evidence for the structures of the MCH2+ dehydrogenation products are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Armentrout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Rm 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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12
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Zhang T, Li ZY, Zhang MQ, He SG. Gas-Phase Reactions of Atomic Gold Cations with Linear Alkanes (C2–C9). J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:4285-93. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b03836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Qi Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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13
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Moghaddam MB, Fridgen TD. Structures, Unimolecular Fragmentations, and Reactivities of the Self-Assembled Multimetallic/Peptide Complexes [Mnn(GlyGly-H)2n−1]+and [Mnn+1(GlyGly-H)2n]2+. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:2181-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Travis D. Fridgen
- Department of Chemistry; Memorial University; St. John's NL A1N 4T8 Canada
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14
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Shen S, Chai Y, Liu Y, Li C, Pan Y. Benzyl anion transfer in the fragmentation of N-(phenylsulfonyl)-benzeneacetamides: a gas-phase intramolecular S(N)Ar reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:10205-11. [PMID: 26309220 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01582k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report a gas-phase benzyl anion transfer via intramolecular aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) during the course of tandem mass spectrometry of deprotonated N-(phenylsulfonyl)-benzeneacetamide. Upon collisional activation, the formation of the initial ion/neutral complex ([C6H5CH2(-)/C6H5SO2NCO]), which was generated by heterolytic cleavage of the CH2-CO bond, is proposed as the key step. Subsequently, the anionic counterpart, benzyl anion, is transferred to conduct the intra-complex SNAr reaction. After losing neutral HNCO, the intermediate gives rise to product ion B at m/z 231, whose structure is confirmed by comparing the multistage spectra with those of deprotonated 2-benzylbenzenesulfinic acid and (benzylsulfonyl)benzene. In addition, intra-complex proton transfer is also observed within the complex [C6H5CH2(-)/C6H5SO2NCO] to generate product ion C at m/z 182. The INC-mediated mechanism was corroborated by theoretical calculations, isotope experiments, breakdown curve, substituent experiments, etc. This work may provide further understanding of the physicochemical properties of the gaseous benzyl anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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15
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Vikse KL, McIndoe JS. Mechanistic insights from mass spectrometry: examination of the elementary steps of catalytic reactions in the gas phase. PURE APPL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2014-1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractReal-time mass spectrometric monitoring of speciation in a catalytic reaction while it is occurring provides powerful insights into mechanistic aspects of the reaction, but cannot be expected to elucidate all details. However, mass spectrometers are not limited just to analysis: they can serve as reaction vessels in their own right, and given their powers of separation and activation in the gas phase, they are also capable of generating and isolating reactive intermediates. We can use these capabilities to help fill in our overall understanding of the catalytic cycle by examining the elementary steps that make it up. This article provides examples of how these simple reactions have been examined in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista L. Vikse
- 1Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, HCI G 220, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J. Scott McIndoe
- 2Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065 Victoria, BC V8W3V6, Canada
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16
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Schäfer M, Fiebig L, Held J, Schmalz HG. Individual steps of the Mizoroki-Heck reaction and intrinsic reactivity of intermediate organopalladium complexes studied in the gas phase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2015; 21:623-633. [PMID: 26307741 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of the Mizoroki-Heck reaction (MHR) was analyzed by collision-induced dissociation (CID) tandem-mass spectrometry and gas-phase ion/molecule reactions (IMRs) as well as by DFT computational analysis. The MHR was performed in the gas phase and the intrinsic reactivity of important intermediates was examined individually. Kinetics and substituent effects of cationic palladium- Pcy3-aryl complexes (Cy = cyclohexyl) with 2,3-dimethylbutadiene in the MHR were analyzed via IMRs and CID. The kinetics and ion structures of the species involved in the olefin insertion, i.e., the carbopalladation, were investigated. Moreover, linear free-energy correlations were applied and a concerted mechanism proceeding via a four-membered transition state for the carbopalladation step that exhibited only a minor charge separation was deduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Schäfer
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Köln, Germany.
| | - Lukas Fiebig
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraß e 4, 50939 Köln, Germany.
| | - Joseph Held
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Köln, Germany.
| | - Hans-Günther Schmalz
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Köln, Germany.
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17
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Ringger DH, Kobylianskii IJ, Serra D, Chen P. Quantitative Description of Structural Effects on the Stability of Gold(I) Carbenes. Chemistry 2014; 20:14270-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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18
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Xiao Y, Ji WX, Wei-Xu, Chen XY, Wang SG. Investigation on spin-flip reaction of Re + CH3CN by relativistic density functional theory. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:9508-17. [PMID: 24825539 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To explore the integrated reaction mechanisms for Re atom with acetonitrile theoretically, density functional theory with zero-order regular approximation (ZORA) relativistic corrections has been employed at the BP86/TZ2P level. There have been three adiabatic potential energy surfaces in the study along sextet, quartet and doublet spin states. However, the detailed minimum energy reaction pathway altogether contains six stationary states () to (), five transition states (), and two intersystem crossings with spin inversion (marked by ⇒): (6)Re + CH3CN → η(1)-ReNCCH3 () → ⇒ η(2)-Re(NC)CH3 () → → η(3)-HRe(NCCH2) () → → CH3-ReNC () → → CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]Re(H)NC () ⇒ → CH[triple bond, length as m-dash]Re(H)2NC (). Thereinto, the lowest energy crossing points (LECP) have been determined by the DFT fractional-occupation-number (FON) approach. The first spin inversion has transferred the potential energy surfaces from high-spin sextet to the quartet intermediate () with the subsequent C-C bond breakage. The second one from the quartet to the low-spin doublet state accompanies the C-H activation, decreasing the transition barrier by 157 kJ mol(-1). The overall reaction could be exothermic by about 210 kJ mol(-1). Harmonic vibration frequencies and NBO, WBO analysis are also applied to verified the experimental observed information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China.
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19
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Fiebig L, Schlörer N, Schmalz HG, Schäfer M. Aryl-Phenyl Scrambling in Intermediate Organopalladium Complexes: A Gas-Phase Study of the Mizoroki-Heck Reaction. Chemistry 2014; 20:4906-10. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Gas-Phase Ion Chemistry of Rare Earths and Actinides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63256-2.00263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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21
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Fiebig L, Kuttner J, Hilt G, Schwarzer MC, Frenking G, Schmalz HG, Schäfer M. Cobalt Catalysis in the Gas Phase: Experimental Characterization of Cobalt(I) Complexes as Intermediates in Regioselective Diels–Alder Reactions. J Org Chem 2013; 78:10485-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402001g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Fiebig
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Julian Kuttner
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hilt
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin C. Schwarzer
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Schmalz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Mathias Schäfer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Köln, Germany
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22
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Kachala VV, Khemchyan LL, Kashin AS, Orlov NV, Grachev AA, Zalesskiy SS, Ananikov VP. Target-oriented analysis of gaseous, liquid and solid chemical systems by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron microscopy. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2013v082n07abeh004413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Eizaguirre A, Mó O, Yáñez M, Tortajada J, Salpin JY. Unimolecular reactivity of the [urea-Sr]2+ complex, a metastable dication in the gas phase: an experimental and theoretical perspective. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:2088-95. [PMID: 23343443 DOI: 10.1021/jp312466t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between urea and Sr(2+) in the gas phase have been investigated by combining electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry techniques and density functional and high-level ab initio molecular orbital calculations. Our theoretical survey indicates that [Sr(urea)](2+) adducts are thermodynamically stable with respect to direct Coulomb explosions. However, after isomerization, some of the local minima of the PES are thermodynamically unstable with respect to the formation of NH(4)(+), but kinetically metastable. The loss of neutral fragments with the concomitant generation of lighter doubly charged fragment ions, namely, [(H(3)N)Sr](2+) and [(HNCO)]Sr(2+), compete with the aforementioned Coulomb explosion processes yielding NH(4)(+) + [(NCO)Sr](+) and [(H(2)N)Sr](+) + [H(2)NCO](+), although the former processes dominate. Hence, both singly and doubly charged species are detected as dissociation products. Quite importantly, the observed eliminations of NH(3) or HNCO lead to the formation of new doubly charged species, which turn out to be thermodynamically stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Eizaguirre
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Gong Y, Andrews L, Jackson VE, Dixon DA. Methane to Methanol Conversion Induced by Thorium Oxide through the CH3Th(O)H Intermediate in Solid Argon. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:11055-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301595h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United
States
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United
States
| | - Virgil E. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336,
United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336,
United States
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25
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Tsybizova A, Rulíšek L, Schröder D, Rokob TA. Coordination and Bond Activation in Complexes of Regioisomeric Phenylpyridines with the Nickel(II) Chloride Cation in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2012; 117:1171-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3052455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tsybizova
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Rulíšek
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Detlef Schröder
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Tibor András Rokob
- Institute of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague
6, Czech Republic
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26
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Antoniotti P, Benzi P, Bottizzo E, Operti L, Rabezzana R, Borocci S, Giordani M, Grandinetti F. Gaseous germyl cations: A theoretical investigation on the structure, properties, and mechanism of formation of and (n=0–2). COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Li Q, Chen XY, Qiu YX, Wang SG. Investigation of spin-flip reactions of Zr + CH3CN by relativistic density functional theory. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:5019-25. [PMID: 22578173 DOI: 10.1021/jp211975e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To explore the details of the reaction mechanisms of Zr atoms with acetonitrile molecules, the triplet and singlet spin-state potential energy surfaces have been investigated. Density functional theory (DFT) with the relativistic zero-order regular approximation at the PW91/TZ2P level has been applied. The complicated minimum energy reaction path involves four transition states (TS), stationary states 1-5 and one spin inversion (indicated by ⇒): (3)Zr + NCCH(3) → (3)Zr-η(1)-NCCH(3) ((3)1) → (3)TS(1/2) → (3)Zr-η(2)-(NC)CH(3) ((3)2) → (3)TS(2/3) → (3)ZrH-η(3)-(NCCH(2)) ((3)3) → (3)TS(3/4) → CNZrCH(3) ((3)4) ⇒ (1)TS(4/5) → CN(ZrH)CH(2) ((1)5). The minimum energy crossing point was determined with the help of the DFT fractional-occupation-number approach. The spin inversion leading from the triplet to the singlet state facilitates the activation of a C-H bond, lowering the rearrangement-barrier by 78 kJ/mol. The overall reaction is calculated to be exothermic by about 296 kJ/mol. All intermediate and product species were frequency and NBO analyzed. The species can be rationalized with the help of Lewis type formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
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28
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Li Q, Qiu YX, Chen XY, Schwarz WHE, Wang SG. Investigation of spin-flip reactions of Nb + CH3CN by relativistic density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:6833-41. [PMID: 22499228 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23225a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore the details of the reaction mechanisms of Nb atoms with acetonitrile molecules, the sextet, quartet, and doublet spin state potential energy surfaces have been investigated. Density functional theory (DFT) with the relativistic zero-order regular approximation at the PW91/TZ2P level has been applied. The complicated minimum energy reaction path involves four transition states (TS), stationary states (1) to (5) and two intersystem crossings from spin sextets to quartets to doublets (indicated by ⇒): (6)Nb + NCCH3→(6)Nb η(1)-NCCH3 ((6)1) →(6)TS1/2⇒(4)Nb η(2)-(NC)CH3 ((4)2) →(4)TS2/3→(4)NbH η(3)-(NCCH2) ((4)3) →(4)TS3/4→ CNNbCH3 ((4)4) ⇒(2)TS4/5→ CN(NbH)CH2 ((2)5). The minimum energy crossing points were determined with the help of the DFT fractional-occupation-number approach. The first spin inversion leads from the sextet to an energetically low intermediate quartet ((4)2) with final insertion of Nb into the C-C bond. The second one from the quartet to the doublet state facilitates the activation of a C-H bond, lowering the rearrangement-barrier by 44 kJ mol(-1). The overall reaction is calculated to be exothermic by about 170-180 kJ mol(-1). All intermediate and product species were frequency and NBO analyzed. The species can be rationalized with the help of Lewis type formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China.
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29
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Antoniotti P, Benzi P, Operti L, Rabezzana R, Borocco S, Giordani M, Grandinetti F. Germyl cations with Ge-S bond: an experimental and theoretical study on the gaseous F(n)Ge(SH)(3-n)+ (n=0-2). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2012; 18:447-456. [PMID: 23221118 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The germyl cations F(2)Ge(SH)(+), FGe(SH)(2)(+) and Ge(SH)(3)(+) were obtained from ionized mixtures of GeF(4) and H(2)S. Ion trap mass spectrometry revealed the occurrence of three consecutive addition-HF elimination reactions between GeF(3)(+), F(2)Ge(SH)(+) and FGe(SH)(2)(+) and H(2)S. The structure and the mechanism of formation of the observed F(n)Ge(SH)(3-n)(+) (n = 0-2) were investigated by ab initio calculations performed at the MP2 and coupled cluster level of theory. It was also possible to note regular trends in the geometries and Lewis acidities of the F(n)Ge(SH)(3-n)(+) (n= 0-3).
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Gong Y, Andrews L, Chen M, Dixon DA. Reactions of Late Lanthanide Metal Atoms and Methanol in Solid Argon: A Matrix Isolation Infrared Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:14581-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jp209135a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Mingyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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31
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Serra D, Moret ME, Chen P. Transmetalation of Methyl Groups Supported by PtII–AuI Bonds in the Gas Phase, in Silico, and in Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:8914-26. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110405q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Serra
- Laboratorium fur Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Marc-Etienne Moret
- Laboratorium fur Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Peter Chen
- Laboratorium fur Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
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32
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Laboren IE, Villarroel OJ, Dee SJ, Castleberry VA, Klausmeyer K, Bellert DJ. Reaction rate constants and mechanistic detail of the Ni+ + butanone reaction. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:1810-20. [PMID: 21338169 DOI: 10.1021/jp111487r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The unimolecular decomposition kinetics of the jet-cooled Ni(+)-butanone cluster ion has been monitored over a range of internal energies (16000-18800 cm⁻¹). First-order rate constants are acquired for the precursor ion dissociation into three product channels. The temporal growth of each fragment ion is selectively monitored in a custom instrument and yields similar valued rate constants at a common ion internal energy. The decomposition reaction is proposed to proceed along two parallel reaction coordinates. Each dissociative pathway is rate-limited by the initial Ni(+) oxidative addition into either the C-CH₃ or C-C₂H₅ σ-bond in the butanone molecule. Ratios of integrated product ion intensities as well as the measured rate constants are used to determine values for each σ-bond activation rate constant. The lowest energy measurement presented in this study occurs when the binary complex ion possesses an internal energy of 16000 cm⁻¹. Under this condition, the Ni(+) assisted decomposition of the butanone molecule is rate limited by k(act)(C-C₂H₅) = (0.92 ± 0.08) × 10⁵ s⁻¹ and k(act)(C-CH₃) = (0.37 ± 0.03) × 10⁵ s⁻¹. The relative magnitudes of the two rate constants reflect the greater probability for reaction to occur along the C-C₂H₅ σ-bond insertion pathway, consistent with thermodynamic arguments. DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory suggest the most likely geometries and relative energies of the reactants, intermediates, and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna E Laboren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, USA
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33
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Di Santo E, Santos M, Michelini MC, Marçalo J, Russo N, Gibson JK. Gas-Phase Reactions of the Bare Th2+ and U2+ Ions with Small Alkanes, CH4, C2H6, and C3H8: Experimental and Theoretical Study of Elementary Organoactinide Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:1955-70. [PMID: 21265548 DOI: 10.1021/ja109621n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Di Santo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 14 C, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Marta Santos
- Unidade de Ciências Químicas e Radiofarmacêuticas, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal
| | - Maria C. Michelini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 14 C, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Joaquim Marçalo
- Unidade de Ciências Químicas e Radiofarmacêuticas, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 14 C, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - John K. Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Xu C, Wang HY, Zhu FJ, Guo YL, Lu L. Studies of gas-phase reactions of cationic iron complexes of 2-pyrimidinyloxy-N-arylbenzylamines by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:169-178. [PMID: 21154900 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (ESI-TSQ-MS) and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS) were used to investigate the interesting gas-phase reactions of the cationic iron (Fe) complexes of 2-pyrimidinyloxy-N-arylbenzylamines (1-6), which are generated by ESI when mixing their methanolic solutions. Further studies of these Fe complexes by collision-induced dissociation (CID) show that Fe(III) complexes undergo an interesting gas-phase single electron transfer (SET) reaction to give 1(•+) -6(•+) ,with loss of neutral FeCl(2) , whereas Fe(II) can catalyze gas-phase Smiles rearrangement reactions of compounds 1-6. By using different Fe(II)X(2) salts (X = Cl or Br) with a set of reactants, the role of the counterion (X(-) ) and the structure effect of the reactants on Fe(II)-catalyzed gas-phase Smiles rearrangement reactions are studied. Evidence obtained from by TSQ-MS and FTICR-MS experiments, hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange experiments and theoretical computations supported some unique gas-phase chemistries initiated by introduction of Fe(II) into 1. Importantly, by comparing the distinct gas-phase reaction results of the cationic Fe(III) complexes with those of Fe(II) complexes, the charge state effects of iron on the gas-phase chemistries of Fe complexes are revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Xu
- Shanghai Mass Spectrometry Center, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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35
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Marçalo J, Santos M, Gibson JK. Gas-phase reactions of doubly charged actinide cations with alkanes and alkenes—probing the chemical activity of 5f electrons from Th to Cm. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:18322-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21399g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Roithová J, Schröder D. Selective activation of alkanes by gas-phase metal ions. Chem Rev 2010; 110:1170-211. [PMID: 20041696 DOI: 10.1021/cr900183p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Roithová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Sciences, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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37
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Dee SJ, Castleberry VA, Villarroel OJ, Laboren IE, Bellert DJ. Low-energy reaction rate constants for the Ni+-assisted decomposition of acetaldehyde: observation of C-H and C-C activation. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:1783-9. [PMID: 20050634 DOI: 10.1021/jp910396t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rate constants for the low-energy Ni(+)-assisted dissociative reaction of acetaldehyde have been measured under jet-cooled conditions in the gas phase. The rate constants are acquired through monitoring the time dependence of fragment Ni(+)CO formation. The decomposition of the precursor Ni(+)-acetaldehyde cluster ion proceeds via consecutive, parallel reaction coordinates that originate with the Ni(+)-assisted cleavage of either a C-C or an aldehyde C-H bond. The energies used to initiate these reactions are well below that required to cleave sigma-bonds in the isolated acetaldehyde molecule. Direct measurement of the reaction kinetics over a range of energies indicates that the rate-limiting step in the dissociative mechanism changes at cluster ion internal energies = 17,200 +/- 400 cm(-1). Arguments are presented that this energy marks the closure of the dissociative coordinate that initiates with C-H sigma-bond activation and thus provides a measure of the activation energy of this dissociative pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jason Dee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, USA
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38
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Dee SJ, Castleberry VA, Villarroel OJ, Laboren IE, Frey SE, Ashley D, Bellert DJ. Rate-limiting step in the low-energy unimolecular decomposition reaction of Ni+* acetone into Ni+CO + ethane. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:14074-80. [PMID: 19877648 DOI: 10.1021/jp906912d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rate constants for the low-energy Ni(+)-assisted C-C bond cleavage reaction of deuterium-labeled acetone have been acquired under jet-cooled conditions in the gas phase. The energies used to initiate the dissociative reactions of the precursor complex ion Ni(+)(d(6)-Ac) are well below that required to cleave C-C sigma-bonds in isolated organic molecules. The rate constants are compared to those acquired previously for the lighter Ni(+)(h(6)-Ac) isotope and result in a substantial kinetic isotope effect (k(H)/k(D) approximately 5.5). Arguments are made that implicate isomerization leading to C-C bond coupling as the rate-limiting step (not C-C sigma-bond activation) in the dissociative reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jason Dee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, USA
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39
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Castleberry VA, Dee SJ, Villarroel OJ, Laboren IE, Frey SE, Bellert DJ. The low-energy unimolecular reaction rate constants for the gas phase, Ni+-mediated dissociation of the C-C sigma bond in acetone. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:10417-24. [PMID: 19725574 DOI: 10.1021/jp904561y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The time dependence of the gaseous unimolecular decomposition of the jet-cooled adduct ion, Ni+-OC(CH3)2, was monitored through selective detection of the Ni+CO fragment ion. Various resolved amounts of energy in the range 15600-18800 cm(-1) were supplied to initiate the dissociation reaction through absorption of laser photons by the title molecular complex. First-order rate constants, k(E), ranged from 113000 to 55000 s(-1) and decreased with decreasing amounts of internal excitation. The energy used to initiate the reaction is well below that required to fragment C-C sigma bonds and indicates the necessity of the Ni+ cation to induce bond activation and fragmentation. These measurements are carried out in a unique apparatus and represent the first direct kinetic study of such catalytic type reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Castleberry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, USA
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40
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Baumgarten S, Lesage D, Gandon V, Goddard JP, Malacria M, Tabet JC, Gimbert Y, Fensterbank L. The Role of Water in Platinum-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 1,6-Enynes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Gas Phase Study. ChemCatChem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.200900003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Thota R, Lesage D, Gimbert Y, Giordano L, Humbel S, Milet A, Buono G, Tabet JC. Gas-Phase Study of Phenylacetylene and Norbornadiene on a Palladium(II) Phosphinous Acid Complex: Importance of the Order of Introduction of the Organic Partners. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om801197n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reddy Thota
- UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR-CNRS 7201, IPCM, FR2769, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Université Joseph Fourier, UMR-CNRS 5250, ICMG-FR 2607, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, and Université Aix-Marseille & ECM, ISM2, UMR-CNRS 6263, Centre Saint Jérôme, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Denis Lesage
- UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR-CNRS 7201, IPCM, FR2769, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Université Joseph Fourier, UMR-CNRS 5250, ICMG-FR 2607, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, and Université Aix-Marseille & ECM, ISM2, UMR-CNRS 6263, Centre Saint Jérôme, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Yves Gimbert
- UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR-CNRS 7201, IPCM, FR2769, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Université Joseph Fourier, UMR-CNRS 5250, ICMG-FR 2607, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, and Université Aix-Marseille & ECM, ISM2, UMR-CNRS 6263, Centre Saint Jérôme, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Laurent Giordano
- UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR-CNRS 7201, IPCM, FR2769, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Université Joseph Fourier, UMR-CNRS 5250, ICMG-FR 2607, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, and Université Aix-Marseille & ECM, ISM2, UMR-CNRS 6263, Centre Saint Jérôme, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Stéphane Humbel
- UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR-CNRS 7201, IPCM, FR2769, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Université Joseph Fourier, UMR-CNRS 5250, ICMG-FR 2607, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, and Université Aix-Marseille & ECM, ISM2, UMR-CNRS 6263, Centre Saint Jérôme, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Anne Milet
- UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR-CNRS 7201, IPCM, FR2769, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Université Joseph Fourier, UMR-CNRS 5250, ICMG-FR 2607, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, and Université Aix-Marseille & ECM, ISM2, UMR-CNRS 6263, Centre Saint Jérôme, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Gérard Buono
- UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR-CNRS 7201, IPCM, FR2769, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Université Joseph Fourier, UMR-CNRS 5250, ICMG-FR 2607, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, and Université Aix-Marseille & ECM, ISM2, UMR-CNRS 6263, Centre Saint Jérôme, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Jean-Claude Tabet
- UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR-CNRS 7201, IPCM, FR2769, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France, Université Joseph Fourier, UMR-CNRS 5250, ICMG-FR 2607, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, and Université Aix-Marseille & ECM, ISM2, UMR-CNRS 6263, Centre Saint Jérôme, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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42
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Zhang X, Schlangen M, Baik MH, Dede Y, Schwarz H. DFT Studies on the Thermal Activation of Molecular Oxygen by Bare [Ni(H)(OH)]+. Helv Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200800411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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43
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Marçalo J, Santos M, Matos APD, Gibson JK, Haire RG. Gas-Phase Reactions of Doubly Charged Lanthanide Cations with Alkanes and Alkenes. Trends in Metal(2+) Reactivity. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:12647-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jp808077b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Marçalo
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6375
| | - Marta Santos
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6375
| | - António Pires de Matos
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6375
| | - John K. Gibson
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6375
| | - Richard G. Haire
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6375
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Xue W, Wang ZC, He SG, Xie Y, Bernstein ER. Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Reactions between Small Neutral Iron Oxide Clusters and Carbon Monoxide. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:15879-88. [PMID: 18975866 DOI: 10.1021/ja8023093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Zhe-Chen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Yan Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Elliot R. Bernstein
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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Chiavarino B, Crestoni ME, Fornarini S, Rovira C. Unravelling the intrinsic features of NO binding to iron(II)- and iron(III)-hemes. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:7792-801. [PMID: 18681420 DOI: 10.1021/ic800953w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization of appropriate precursors is used to deliver [Fe (III)-heme] (+) and [Fe (II)-hemeH] (+) ions as naked species in the gas phase where their ion chemistry has been examined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry. In the naked, four-coordinate [Fe (II)-hemeH] (+) and [Fe (III)-heme] (+) ions, the intrinsic reactivity of iron(II)- and iron(III)-hemes is revealed free from any influence due to axial ligand, counterion, or solvent effects. Ligand (L) addition and ligand transfer equilibria with a series of selected neutrals are attained when [Fe (II)-hemeH] (+), corresponding to protonated Fe (II)-heme, is allowed to react in the FT-ICR cell. A Heme Cation Basicity (HCB) ladder for the various ligands toward [Fe (II)-hemeH] (+), corresponding to -Delta G degrees for the process [Fe (II)-hemeH] (+) + L --> [Fe (II)-hemeH(L)] (+) and named HCB (II), can thus be established. The so-obtained HCB (II) values are compared with the corresponding HCB (III) values for [Fe (III)-heme] (+). In spite of pronounced differences displayed by various ligands, NO shows a quite similar HCB of about 67 kJ mol (-1) at 300 K toward both ions, estimated to correspond to a binding energy of 124 kJ mol (-1). Density Functional Theory (DFT) computations confirm the experimental results, yielding very similar values of NO binding energies to [Fe (II)-hemeH] (+) and [Fe (III)-heme] (+), equal to 140 and 144 kJ mol (-1), respectively. The kinetic study of the NO association reaction supports the equilibrium HCB data and reveals that the two species share very close rate constant values both for the forward and for the reverse reaction. These gas phase results diverge markedly from the kinetics and thermodynamic behavior of NO binding to iron(II)- and iron(III)-heme proteins and model complexes in solution. The requisite of either a very labile or a vacant coordination site on iron for a facile addition of NO to occur, suggested to explain the bias for typically five-coordinate iron(II) species in solution, is fully supported by the present work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Chiavarino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Universita di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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Kazazić SP, Klasinc L, Rozman M, Srzić D. The gas-phase interactions of TEMPO radicals with Fe+ ions. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:2104-2108. [PMID: 18512850 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The gas-phase ligation of the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl-1-oxide (TEMPO) radical (1) and its 4-hydroxy derivative (2) with Fe+ ions in a 3 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer was investigated. Triple ligation may occur: the first ligation produces a transient species prone to either charge exchange or a stable second ligation; the third ligand adds slowly, with fragmentation. 1 and 2 differ in that 1 binds exclusively at the nitroxyl oxygen while 2 also binds at the OH site after the loss of a H-radical. Calculations combined with steric considerations support such a mechanism for 2. The site and the mechanism of the important side reaction of 1 that involves OH addition from a water impurity to yield an FeR2 + species remain unexplained.
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Ge M, Wang W, Yin S, Della Védova CO. Gas‐Phase Generation and Electronic Structure Investigation of Oxidovanadium Triisocyanate, OV(NCO)
3. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200701153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100080 Beijing, P. R. China, Fax: +86‐10‐62554518
| | - Weigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100080 Beijing, P. R. China, Fax: +86‐10‐62554518
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shi Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100080 Beijing, P. R. China, Fax: +86‐10‐62554518
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Carlos O. Della Védova
- CEQUINOR (CONICET‐UNLP), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, C. C. 962 (1900) La Plata, República Argentina
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Chiavarino B, Cipollini R, Crestoni ME, Fornarini S, Lanucara F, Lapi A. Probing the Compound I-like reactivity of a bare high-valent oxo iron porphyrin complex: the oxidation of tertiary amines. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:3208-17. [PMID: 18278912 DOI: 10.1021/ja077286t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of oxidative N-dealkylation of amines by heme enzymes including peroxidases and cytochromes P450 and by functional models for the active Compound I species have long been studied. A debated issue has concerned in particular the character of the primary step initiating the oxidation sequence, either a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) or an electron transfer (ET) event, facing problems such as the possible contribution of multiple oxidants and complex environmental effects. In the present study, an oxo iron(IV) porphyrin radical cation intermediate 1, [(TPFPP)*+ Fe(IV)=O]+ (TPFPP = meso-tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl)porphinato dianion), functional model of Compound I, has been produced as a bare species. The gas-phase reaction with amines (A) studied by ESI-FT-ICR mass spectrometry has revealed for the first time the elementary steps and the ionic intermediates involved in the oxidative activation. Ionic products are formed involving ET (A*+, the amine radical cation), formal hydride transfer (HT) from the amine ([A(-H)]+, an iminium ion), and oxygen atom transfer (OAT) to the amine (A(O), likely a carbinolamine product), whereas an ionic product involving a net initial HAT event is never observed. The reaction appears to be initiated by an ET event for the majority of the tested amines which included tertiary aliphatic and aromatic amines as well as a cyclic and a secondary amine. For a series of N,N-dimethylanilines the reaction efficiency for the ET activated pathways was found to correlate with the ionization energy of the amine. A stepwise pathway accounts for the C-H bond activation resulting in the formal HT product, namely a primary ET process forming A*+, which is deprotonated at the alpha-C-H bond forming an N-methyl-N-arylaminomethyl radical, A(-H)*, readily oxidized to the iminium ion, [A(-H)]+. The kinetic isotope effect (KIE) for proton transfer (PT) increases as the acidity of the amine radical cation increases and the PT reaction to the base, the ferryl group of (TPFPP)Fe(IV)=O, approaches thermoneutrality. The ET reaction displayed by 1 with gaseous N,N-dimethylaniline finds a counterpart in the ET reactivity of FeO+, reportedly a potent oxidant in the gas phase, and with the barrierless ET process for a model (P)*+ Fe(IV)=O species (where P is the porphine dianion) as found by theoretical calculations. Finally, the remarkable OAT reactivity of 1 with C6F5N(CH3)2 may hint to a mechanism along a route of diverse spin multiplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Chiavarino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università di Roma La Sapienza P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:127-38. [PMID: 17199253 PMCID: PMC7166443 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of mass spectrometry. Each bibliography is divided into 11 sections: 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 Instrumental Techniques & Methods; 3 Gas Phase Ion Chemistry; 4 Biology/Biochemistry: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins; Carbohydrates; Lipids; Nucleic Acids; 5 Pharmacology/Toxicology; 6 Natural Products; 7 Analysis of Organic Compounds; 8 Analysis of Inorganics/Organometallics; 9 Surface Analysis; 10 Environmental Analysis; 11 Elemental Analysis. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author (6 Weeks journals ‐ Search completed at 4th. Oct. 2006)
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