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Mutoti MI, Jideani AI, Madala NE, Gumbo JR. The occurrence and human health risk assessment of microcystins in diverse food matrixes during production. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29882. [PMID: 38681651 PMCID: PMC11053293 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, the presence of cyanotoxins in water supplies and food has been widely investigated for over a decade. Cyanotoxins are harmful metabolites produced by toxic cyanobacterial genera. These metabolites belong to diverse chemical classes, with a variety of physicochemical properties, chemical structures, and toxic activities. The present study seeks to investigate the occurrence of cyanotoxins in water supplies destined for food processing and assess the human health risk from exposure to cyanotoxins. To achieve this, a simple, sensitive, and reliable analytical method was developed for the determination of microcystins (MC-RR, MC-LR, MC-YR) in process water, raw maize meal, and cooked maize (porridge) at ppb (parts per billion) levels. These compounds were extracted using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) with optimized parameters; thereafter, Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for the rapid determination of the analytes selected for the present study. The method developed was applied to samples collected from the meal grinding station located in Mawoni village in South Africa; and was able to detect and quantify all the target cyanotoxins. MC-LR, MC-YR and MC-RR were detected at concentrations ranging from 10 to 11.2 μg/L, 9.1-9.4 μg/L, and 2.3-3.5 μg/L, in water samples, respectively. However, MC-YR was not detected in ground water sample. Moreover, MC-LR, MC-YR, and MC-RR concentrations in maize and porridge samples ranged between 9.2 and 11.2, 5.5-8.6, and 6.3-9.3 μg/kg dry weight, respectively. The hazard quotient index (HQi) levels found in the present study ranged between 2.2 - 8.4 and 0.11-8.9 for adults and children, respectively, representing potential risks to human health. Findings from LC-MS/MS reveal that cyanotoxins can be transferred from water to food during food processing using cyanotoxins contaminated water. Furthermore, the methods developed can be used by environmental and health agencies to strengthen the monitoring of cyanotoxins in water and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulalo I. Mutoti
- Department of Environmental, Water, and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, 0083, South Africa
| | - Afam I.O. Jideani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Ntakadzeni E. Madala
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Jabulani R. Gumbo
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
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Campanile R, Scardapane E, Forente A, Granata C, Germano R, Di Girolamo R, Minopoli A, Velotta R, Della Ventura B, Iannotti V. Core-Shell Magnetic Nanoparticles for Highly Sensitive Magnetoelastic Immunosensor. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1526. [PMID: 32759707 PMCID: PMC7466411 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A magnetoelastic (ME) biosensor for wireless detection of analytes in liquid is described. The ME biosensor was tested against human IgG in the range 0-20 μg∙mL-1. The sensing elements, anti-human IgG produced in goat, were immobilized on the surface of the sensor by using a recently introduced photochemical immobilization technique (PIT), whereas a new amplification protocol exploiting gold coated magnetic nanoparticles (core-shell nanoparticles) is demonstrated to significantly enhance the sensitivity. The gold nanoflowers grown on the magnetic core allowed us to tether anti-human IgG to the nanoparticles to exploit the sandwich detection scheme. The experimental results show that the 6 mm × 1 mm × 30 μm ME biosensor with an amplification protocol that uses magnetic nanoparticles has a limit of detection (LOD) lower than 1 nM, works well in water, and has a rapid response time of few minutes. Therefore, the ME biosensor is very promising for real-time wireless detection of pathogens in liquids and for real life diagnostic purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Campanile
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 26, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (R.C.); (E.S.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (R.V.); (B.D.V.)
- PROMETE Srl, CNR Spin off, Piazzale Tecchio, 45 80125 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Scardapane
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 26, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (R.C.); (E.S.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (R.V.); (B.D.V.)
- PROMETE Srl, CNR Spin off, Piazzale Tecchio, 45 80125 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Antonio Forente
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 26, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (R.C.); (E.S.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (R.V.); (B.D.V.)
| | - Carmine Granata
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of the National Research Council (CNR-ISASI), Via Campi Flegrei 34, I-80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
- Department of Mathematics and Physics-University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Viale Abramo Lincoln 5, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Roberto Germano
- PROMETE Srl, CNR Spin off, Piazzale Tecchio, 45 80125 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cintia 26, I-80126 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Antonio Minopoli
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 26, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (R.C.); (E.S.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (R.V.); (B.D.V.)
| | - Raffaele Velotta
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 26, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (R.C.); (E.S.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (R.V.); (B.D.V.)
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of the National Research Council (CNR-ISASI), Via Campi Flegrei 34, I-80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Bartolomeo Della Ventura
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 26, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (R.C.); (E.S.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (R.V.); (B.D.V.)
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of the National Research Council (CNR-ISASI), Via Campi Flegrei 34, I-80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Iannotti
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 26, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (R.C.); (E.S.); (A.F.); (A.M.); (R.V.); (B.D.V.)
- Institute for Superconducting, Oxides and other Innovative Materials and Devices of the National Research Council (CNR-SPIN), Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
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Abdalla NS, Youssef MA, Algarni H, Awwad NS, Kamel AH. All Solid-State Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Membrane Potentiometric Sensor Integrated with Nano-Beads Imprinted Polymers for Sensitive and Rapid Detection of Bispyribac Herbicide as Organic Pollutant. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040712. [PMID: 30781449 PMCID: PMC6412243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
All-solid-state potentiometric sensors were prepared by using polyaniline (PANI) as the solid contact material. A film of PANI (thickness approximately being 0.25 µm) was deposited on a solid substrate (carbon screen printed platform). The PANI layer was subsequently coated with an ion-selective membrane (ISM) containing uniform-sized molecularly imprinted nanoparticles to produce a solid-contact ion-selective electrode (SC/ISE) for bispyribac herbicide (sensor I). In addition, aliquat 336 was also used as an ion exchanger in plasticized PVC membrane (sensor II). The proposed sensors revealed a remarkably improved sensitivity towards bispyribac ions with anionic slopes of −47.8 ± 1.1 (r2 = 0.9995) and −44.4 ± 1.4 (r2 = 0.9997) mV/decade over a linear range 1.0 × 10−2–8.6 × 10−6 M, 1.0 × 10−2–9.0 × 10−6 M and detection limits of 1.33 and 1.81 µg/mL for sensors I and II, respectively.Selectivity of both sensors is significantly high for different common pesticides and inorganic anions. The potential stability of the SC/ISEs was studied using chronopotentiometry. Electrochemical impedance spectrometry was used to understand the charge-transfer mechanisms of the different types of ion-selective electrodes studied. The impedance response of the electrodes was modelled by using equivalent electrical circuits. The sensors were used for a direct measurement of the bispyribac content in commercial herbicide formulations and soil samples collected from agricultural lands planted with rice and sprayed with bispyribac herbicide. The results agree fairly well with data obtained using HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa S Abdalla
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, P.O. 11566 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Maha A Youssef
- Analytical Chemistry and Control Department, Hot Laboratories Center, Atomic Energy Authority of Egypt, P.O. 13759 Abu Zaabal, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - H Algarni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004 Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nasser S Awwad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004 Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ayman H Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, P.O. 11566 Cairo, Egypt.
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Campbell JL, Collings BA, Le Blanc JY, Hager JW. A novel MS3 experiment for quantifying ions with a linear ion trap. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry has long been employed for the quantitation of molecules. With judicious selection of precursor and fragment ions, multiple-reaction monitoring assays can be developed rapidly for these experiments. However, there are cases where analyses struggle due to high background signals caused by matrix effects that interfere with the analytical signal. An alternative to MRMs involves using two stages of tandem mass spectrometry — an MS3 experiment. Although this technique can provide greater selectivity than MS/MS experiments, cycle times for MS3 experiments are typically longer than MRM-type experiments. Here, we present a quantitation technique employing an MS3 method with shorter cycle times than traditional linear ion trap MS3 scans. Termed “scan-free” MS3, this technique performs “mass analysis” by isolating the ions of interest in the linear ion trap and then emptying the trap of these ions. The signal will be due only to those preselected ions, resulting in an MS3 experiment with up to a ∼35% reduction in cycle times relative to standard MS3 experiments without loss of sensitivity. We compare the analytical performance of this method with MRMs, as well as standard MS3 experiments, finding equivalent or better performance from the scan-free MS3 method.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Larry Campbell
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON L4K 4V8, Canada
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Bruce A. Collings
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON L4K 4V8, Canada
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - J.C. Yves Le Blanc
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON L4K 4V8, Canada
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - James W. Hager
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON L4K 4V8, Canada
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON L4K 4V8, Canada
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5
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Arvand M, Mirroshandel AA. Fluorescent nanochemosensor for direct optosensing of butachlor based on l-cysteine-capped ZnS quantum dots. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-017-1165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Mani V, Devasenathipathy R, Chen SM, Vasantha VS, Ajmal Ali M, Huang ST, Al-Hemaid FMA. A simple electrochemical platform based on pectin stabilized gold nanoparticles for picomolar detection of biologically toxic amitrole. Analyst 2016; 140:5764-71. [PMID: 26171468 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00930h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Amitrole is a biologically toxic nonselective herbicide which contaminates surface and ground waters at unprecedented rates. All reported modified electrodes that detect amitrole within sub-micromolar to nanomolar levels were based on the electro-oxidation of amitrole. Herein, we developed a new conceptual idea to detect picomolar concentrations of amitrole based on calcium cross linked pectin stabilized gold nanoparticle (CCLP-GNP) film modified electrode which was prepared by electrodeposition. When the electrochemical behavior of amitrole was investigated at the CCLP-GNP film, the reduction peak current of the GNPs linearly decreased as the concentration of amitrole increases. We have designed a determination platform based on the amitrole dependent decrease of the GNP cathodic peak. The described concept and high sensitivity of square wave voltammetry together facilitate the great sensing ability; as a result the described approach is able to reach a low detection limit of 36 pM which surpassed the detection limits of existing protocols. The sensor presents a good ability to determine amitrole in two linear concentration ranges: (1) 100 pM-1500 pM with a detection limit of 36 pM; (2) 100 nM-1500 nM with a detection limit of 20 nM. The preparation of CCLP-GNPs is simple, rapid and does not require any reducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerappan Mani
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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7
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Fillatre Y, Rondeau D, Daguin A, Communal PY. A workflow for multiclass determination of 256 pesticides in essential oils by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using evaporation and dilution approaches: Application to lavandin, lemon and cypress essential oils. Talanta 2016; 149:178-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Wang L, Yao ZP, Li P, Chen SB, So PK, Shi ZQ, Hu B, Liu LF, Xin GZ. Global detection and semi-quantification of Fritillaria
alkaloids in Fritillariae Ussuriensis Bulbus by a non-targeted multiple reaction monitoring approach. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:287-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Zhong Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation); Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Shenzhen China
- Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hung Hom Hong Kong China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Si-Bao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation); Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Shenzhen China
- Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hung Hom Hong Kong China
| | - Pui-Kin So
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation); Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Shenzhen China
- Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hung Hom Hong Kong China
| | - Zi-Qi Shi
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Meteria Medica; Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine; Jiangsu Nanjing China
| | - Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation); Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Shenzhen China
- Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hung Hom Hong Kong China
| | - Li-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Gui-Zhong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
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9
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Denardi de Souza T, Caldas SS, Primel EG, Furlong EB. Exposure to deoxynivalenol, Ht-2 and T-2 toxins by consumption of wheat-based product in southern Brazil. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Kailasa SK, Mehta VN, Wu HF. Recent developments of liquid-phase microextraction techniques directly combined with ESI- and MALDI-mass spectrometric techniques for organic and biomolecule assays. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47347c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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11
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Tovstiga TE, Gillis EAL, Grossert JS, White RL. Characterization of multiple fragmentation pathways initiated by collision-induced dissociation of multifunctional anions formed by deprotonation of 2-nitrobenzenesulfonylglycine. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:168-177. [PMID: 24677307 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The correlation of anion structure with the fragmentation behavior of deprotonated nitrobenzenesulfonylamino acids was investigated using tandem mass spectrometry, isotopic labeling and computational methods. Four distinct fragmentation pathways resulting from the collision-induced dissociation (CID) of deprotonated 2-nitrobenzenesulfonylglycine (NsGly) were characterized. The unusual loss of the aryl nitro substituent as HONO was the lowest energy process. Subsequent successive losses of CO, HCN and SO2 indicated that an ortho cyclization reaction had accompanied loss of HONO. Other pathways involving rearrangement of the ionized sulfonamide group, dual bond cleavage and intramolecular nucleophilic displacement were proposed to account for the formation of phenoxide, arylsulfinate and arylsulfonamide product ions at higher collision energies. The four distinct fragmentation pathways were consistent with precursor-product relationships established by CID experiments, isotopic labeling results and the formation of analogous product ions from 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonylglycine and the Ns derivatives of alanine and 2-aminoisobutyric acid. The computations confirmed a low barrier for ortho cyclization with loss of HONO and feasible energetics for each reaction step in the four pathways. Computations also indicated that three of the fragmentation pathways started from NsGly ionized at the carboxyl group. Overall, the pathways identified for the fragmentation of the NsGly anion differed from processes reported for anions containing a single functional group, demonstrating the importance of functional group interactions in the fragmentation pathways of multifunctional anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara E Tovstiga
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Rd., PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Miao Q, Kong W, Yang S, Yang M. Comparison of sample preparation methods combined with gas chromatography with electron-capture detection for the analysis of multipesticide residues in lotus seeds. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2010-9. [PMID: 23585417 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sample preparation is always the major bottleneck in analytical chemistry for the determination of pesticide residues. Different sample preparation methods have been proposed due to the wide variety of pesticides used and the inherent complexity of the matrices. In this study, different sample preparation methods including SPE, matrix solid-phase dispersion, the quick, easy, cheap, efficient, rugged, and safe method, and a one-step completion method were compared and evaluated for extracting pesticides from lotus seeds. Analysis was carried out using GC with electron-capture detection. The results showed that good recoveries for tested pesticides were obtained by using Florisil in the four methods, and the extraction efficiency of the one-step completion method was superior to the other three methods. The one-step completion method was confirmed to have good linearity, reproducibility, stability, and recovery for the detection of 36 pesticides in lotus seed samples. The data collected from this study are expected to prove useful in regulating the concentration of the residues in lotus seeds, as well as in protecting human health from the hazards posed by these residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Miao
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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13
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Fillâtre Y, Rondeau D, Daguin A, Jadas-Hecart A, Communal PY. Multiresidue determination of 256 pesticides in lavandin essential oil by LC/ESI/sSRM: advantages and drawbacks of a sampling method involving evaporation under nitrogen. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:1541-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Chen L, Song F, Liu Z, Zheng Z, Xing J, Liu S. Study of the ESI and APCI interfaces for the UPLC–MS/MS analysis of pesticides in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:1481-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Rodrigues M, Reis M, Mateus M. Liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization ion trap MS2 mass spectrometry application for the determination of microcystins occurrence in Southern Portugal water reservoirs. Toxicon 2013; 74:8-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Greene LE, Grossert JS, White RL. Correlations of ion structure with multiple fragmentation pathways arising from collision-induced dissociations of selected α-hydroxycarboxylic acid anions. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:312-320. [PMID: 23494786 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Under conditions of collision-induced dissociation (CID), anions of α-hydroxycarboxylic acids usually fragment to yield the distinctive hydroxycarbonyl anion (m/z 45) and/or the complementary product anion formed by neutral loss of formic acid (46 u). Further support for the known two-step mechanism, involving an ion-neutral complex for the formation of the hydroxycarbonyl anion from the carboxyl group, is herein provided by tandem mass spectrometric results and density functional theory computations on the glycolate, lactate and 3-phenyllactate ions. A fourth, structurally related α-hydroxycarboxylate ion, obtained by deprotonation of mandelic acid, showed only loss of carbon dioxide upon CID. Density functional theory computations on the mandelate ion indicated that similar energy inputs were required for a direct, phenyl-assisted decarboxylation and a postulated novel rearrangement to a carbonate ester, which yielded the benzyl oxide ion upon loss of CO2. Rearrangement of the glycolate ion led to expulsion of carbon monoxide, whereas the 3-phenyllactate ion showed the loss of water and formation of the benzyl anion and the benzyl radical as competing processes. The fragmentation pathways proposed for lactate and 3-phenyllactate are supported by isotopic labeling. The relative computed energies of saddle points and product ions for all proposed fragmentation pathways are consistent with the energies supplied during CID experiments and the observed relative intensities of product ions. The diverse reaction pathways characterized for this set of four α-hydroxycarboxylate ions demonstrate that it is crucial to understand the effects of structural variations when attempting to predict the gas-phase reactivity and CID spectra of carboxylate ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana E Greene
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Rd., PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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17
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Mishra RK, Istamboulie G, Bhand S, Marty JL. Detoxification of organophosphate residues using phosphotriesterase and their evaluation using flow based biosensor. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 745:64-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with programmed temperature vaporization-large volume injection-gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for multiclass pesticides in water. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1253:134-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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MADLA S, MIURA D, WARIISHI H. Potential Applicability of MALDI-MS for Low-Molecular-Weight Pesticide Determination. ANAL SCI 2012; 28:301-3. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.28.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siribhorn MADLA
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Daisuke MIURA
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University
| | - Hiroyuki WARIISHI
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Bio-Architecture Center, and Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
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20
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Gu B, Meldrum B, McCabe T, Phillips S. Enhancing concentration and mass sensitivities for liquid chromatography trace analysis of clopyralid in drinking water. J Sep Sci 2011; 35:185-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Rifai A, Bourcier S, Arquier D, Charvet Y, Jaber F, Bouchoux G. Fragmentation reactions of phenoxide anions: deprotonated Dinoterb and related structures. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2011; 46:1079-1088. [PMID: 22012675 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Dinoterb (6-t-butyl-2,4-dinitrophenol), 1, Dinoseb (6-secbutyl-2,4-dinitrophenol), 2, TBP (2-t-butylphenol), 3, and DNP (2,4-dinitrophenol), 4, have been analyzed by electrospray ionization in the negative mode (ESI-N) - tandem mass spectrometry. Nominal laboratory collision energy was varied from zero to 60 eV during the experiments. Apparent fragmentation energies were estimated from a parametric fitting of the collision efficiency curves. In parallel, fragmentation mechanisms of the deprotonated molecules [M-H](-) were explored using quantum chemistry modeling at the B3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p) level. A major fragmentation of the [M-H](-) ions of Dinoterb and Dinoseb is elimination of an alcohol molecule. This reaction is shown to involve one oxygen atom originating from a nitro group rather than the phenoxide moiety. Eliminations of NO, C(4) and CH(2) = C(CH(3))(2), i.e. reactions involving significant rearrangements, constitute the major part of the other fragmentation pathways observed from [3-H](-) and [4-H](-) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Rifai
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128, Palaiseau, France
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Botitsi HV, Garbis SD, Economou A, Tsipi DF. Current mass spectrometry strategies for the analysis of pesticides and their metabolites in food and water matrices. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:907-939. [PMID: 24737632 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of pesticides and their metabolites in food and water matrices continues to be an active research area closely related to food safety and environmental issues. This review discusses the most widely applied mass spectrometric (MS) approaches to pesticide residues analysis over the last few years. The main techniques for sample preparation remain solvent extraction and solid-phase extraction. The QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) approach is being increasingly used for the development of multi-class pesticide residues methods in various sample matrices. MS detectors-triple quadrupole (QqQ), ion-trap (IT), quadrupole linear ion trap (QqLIT), time-of-flight (TOF), and quadrupole time-of-flight (QqTOF)-have been established as powerful analytical tools sharing a primary role in the detection/quantification and/or identification/confirmation of pesticides and their metabolites. Recent developments in analytical instrumentation have enabled coupling of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and fast gas chromatography (GC) with MS detectors, and faster analysis for a greater number of pesticides. The newly developed "ambient-ionization" MS techniques (e.g., desorption electrospray ionization, DESI, and direct analysis in real time, DART) hyphenated with high-resolution MS platforms without liquid chromatography separation, and sometimes with minimum pre-treatment, have shown potential for pesticide residue screening. The recently introduced Orbitrap mass spectrometers can provide high resolving power and mass accuracy, to tackle complex analytical problems involved in pesticide residue analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen V Botitsi
- General Chemical State Laboratory, Pesticide Residues Laboratory, 16 An. Tsocha Street, Athens 115 21, Greece
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23
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Trace analysis of pesticides in paddy field water by direct injection using liquid chromatography–quadrupole-linear ion trap-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4790-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Multiresidue method to quantify pesticides in fish muscle by QuEChERS-based extraction and LC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:2185-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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25
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An SPE Method for the Concurrent Extraction of Organochlorine and Phenoxy Acidic Pesticides in River Water. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-1971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Fillâtre Y, Rondeau D, Bonnet B, Daguin A, Jadas-Hécart A, Communal PY. Multiresidue Analysis of Multiclass Pesticides in Lavandin Essential Oil by LC/MS/MS Using the Scheduled Selected Reaction Monitoring Mode. Anal Chem 2010; 83:109-17. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1018292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Fillâtre
- Groupement Interrégional de Recherche sur les Produits Agropharmaceutiques (GIRPA), 8 rue Becquerel, Angers Technopole, 49070 Beaucouzé, Institut des Sciences et Technologies Moléculaires d’Angers (MOLTECH), CNRS UMR 6200, and Laboratoire d’Etudes Environmentales des Systèmes Anthropisés (LEESA), Université d’Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex 01, Laboratoire Chimie et Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique (CEMCA), CNRS UMR 6521, Université Européenne de Bretagne à Brest, 6
| | - David Rondeau
- Groupement Interrégional de Recherche sur les Produits Agropharmaceutiques (GIRPA), 8 rue Becquerel, Angers Technopole, 49070 Beaucouzé, Institut des Sciences et Technologies Moléculaires d’Angers (MOLTECH), CNRS UMR 6200, and Laboratoire d’Etudes Environmentales des Systèmes Anthropisés (LEESA), Université d’Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex 01, Laboratoire Chimie et Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique (CEMCA), CNRS UMR 6521, Université Européenne de Bretagne à Brest, 6
| | - Brice Bonnet
- Groupement Interrégional de Recherche sur les Produits Agropharmaceutiques (GIRPA), 8 rue Becquerel, Angers Technopole, 49070 Beaucouzé, Institut des Sciences et Technologies Moléculaires d’Angers (MOLTECH), CNRS UMR 6200, and Laboratoire d’Etudes Environmentales des Systèmes Anthropisés (LEESA), Université d’Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex 01, Laboratoire Chimie et Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique (CEMCA), CNRS UMR 6521, Université Européenne de Bretagne à Brest, 6
| | - Antoine Daguin
- Groupement Interrégional de Recherche sur les Produits Agropharmaceutiques (GIRPA), 8 rue Becquerel, Angers Technopole, 49070 Beaucouzé, Institut des Sciences et Technologies Moléculaires d’Angers (MOLTECH), CNRS UMR 6200, and Laboratoire d’Etudes Environmentales des Systèmes Anthropisés (LEESA), Université d’Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex 01, Laboratoire Chimie et Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique (CEMCA), CNRS UMR 6521, Université Européenne de Bretagne à Brest, 6
| | - Alain Jadas-Hécart
- Groupement Interrégional de Recherche sur les Produits Agropharmaceutiques (GIRPA), 8 rue Becquerel, Angers Technopole, 49070 Beaucouzé, Institut des Sciences et Technologies Moléculaires d’Angers (MOLTECH), CNRS UMR 6200, and Laboratoire d’Etudes Environmentales des Systèmes Anthropisés (LEESA), Université d’Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex 01, Laboratoire Chimie et Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique (CEMCA), CNRS UMR 6521, Université Européenne de Bretagne à Brest, 6
| | - Pierre-Yves Communal
- Groupement Interrégional de Recherche sur les Produits Agropharmaceutiques (GIRPA), 8 rue Becquerel, Angers Technopole, 49070 Beaucouzé, Institut des Sciences et Technologies Moléculaires d’Angers (MOLTECH), CNRS UMR 6200, and Laboratoire d’Etudes Environmentales des Systèmes Anthropisés (LEESA), Université d’Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex 01, Laboratoire Chimie et Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique (CEMCA), CNRS UMR 6521, Université Européenne de Bretagne à Brest, 6
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27
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Petrovic M, Farré M, de Alda ML, Perez S, Postigo C, Köck M, Radjenovic J, Gros M, Barcelo D. Recent trends in the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of organic contaminants in environmental samples. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4004-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Caldas SS, Costa FP, Primel EG. Validation of method for determination of different classes of pesticides in aqueous samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric detection. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 665:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Istamboulie G, Durbiano R, Fournier D, Marty JL, Noguer T. Biosensor-controlled degradation of chlorpyrifos and chlorfenvinfos using a phosphotriesterase-based detoxification column. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 78:1-6. [PMID: 19906400 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This works presents the development of a detoxification system based on bacterial phosphotriesterase (PTE) for the degradation of organophosphate (OP) insecticides in water. PTE was immobilised on an activated agarose gel via covalent coupling. Two different OPs were studied, chlorpyrifos and chlorfenvinfos, due to their importance in the field of water policy. The efficiency of insecticide degradation was controlled using a highly sensitive biosensor allowing the detection of OP concentration as low as 0.004 microgL(-1). Under optimum conditions, it was shown that a column incorporating 500IU of PTE was suitable for the detoxification of solutions containing either isolated pesticides or pesticides mixtures, even at concentrations higher than authorized limits. Finally, the method was shown to be adapted to the decontamination of real samples of pesticides with concentrations up to 20 microgL(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Istamboulie
- IMAGES, EA4218, Building S, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan cedex, France
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30
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Niessen WMA. Group-specific fragmentation of pesticides and related compounds in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1217:4061-70. [PMID: 19815223 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Current strategies in the LC-MS analysis of pesticides and related compounds in environmental samples, fruits and vegetables, and biological samples mostly rely on the selection of appropriate precursor/product-ion combinations (transitions) for selected reaction monitoring (SRM), often based on automated parameter optimization and selection of the transition. Such a procedure does not require any information on the type of fragmentation reaction involved in the generation of the product ion from the selected precursor ion. However, such information does become important in untargeted screening for unknown contaminants in environmental and food samples, which are generally based on a combination of high-resolution mass spectrometry and (multistage) tandem mass spectrometry. With this in mind, the group-specific fragmentation behaviour has been studied for six classes of pesticides and herbicides, i.e., triazines, organophosphorous pesticides, phenylurea herbicides, carbamates, sulfonylurea herbicides, and chlorinated phenoxy acid herbicides. When relevant, some comparison was made between fragmentation of protonated molecules in MS-MS and of molecular ions generated by electron ionization in GC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M A Niessen
- hyphen MassSpec, de Wetstraat 8, 2332 XT Leiden, The Netherlands.
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31
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Famiglini G, Palma P, Termopoli V, Trufelli H, Cappiello A. Single-Step LC/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of GC-Amenable Organochlorine and LC-Amenable Phenoxy Acidic Pesticides. Anal Chem 2009; 81:7373-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9008995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Famiglini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Tecnologie Chimiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - P. Palma
- Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Tecnologie Chimiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - V. Termopoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Tecnologie Chimiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - H. Trufelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Tecnologie Chimiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - A. Cappiello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Tecnologie Chimiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
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32
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van Pinxteren (née Schellin) M, Bauer C, Popp P. High performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of 10 pesticides in water: A comparison between membrane-assisted solvent extraction and solid phase extraction. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5800-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Giordano A, Fernández-Franzón M, Ruiz MJ, Font G, Picó Y. Pesticide residue determination in surface waters by stir bar sorptive extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 393:1733-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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34
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Application of ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to the determination of multi-class pesticides in environmental and wastewater samples. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:1410-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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Liquid Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry Methods for Analysis of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Wastewaters. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-36253-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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36
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Kuster M, López de Alda M, Barceló D. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric analysis and regulatory issues of polar pesticides in natural and treated waters. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:520-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Lepom P, Brown B, Hanke G, Loos R, Quevauviller P, Wollgast J. Needs for reliable analytical methods for monitoring chemical pollutants in surface water under the European Water Framework Directive. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:302-15. [PMID: 18603257 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The state of the art in monitoring chemical pollutants to assess water quality status according to Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the challenges associated with it have been reviewed. The article includes information on environmental quality standards (EQSs) proposed to protect the aquatic environment and humans against hazardous substances and the resulting monitoring requirements. Furthermore, minimum performance criteria for analytical methods and quality assurance issues have been discussed. The result of a survey of existing standard methods with a focus on European (EN) and international standards (ISO) for the analysis of chemical pollutants in water is reported and the applicability of those methods for the purpose of compliance checking with EQSs is examined. Approximately 75% of the 41 hazardous substances for which Europe-wide EQSs have been proposed can be reliably monitored in water with acceptable uncertainty when applying existing standardised methods. Monitoring in water encounters difficulties for some substances, e.g., short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), tributyltin compounds, certain organochlorine pesticides and six-ring PAHs, mainly due to a lack of validated, sufficiently sensitive methods that are applicable in routine laboratory conditions. As WFD requires monitoring of unfiltered samples for organic contaminants more attention needs to be paid to the distribution of chemical pollutants between suspended particulate matter and the liquid phase. Methods allowing complete extraction of organic contaminants from whole water samples are required. From a quality assurance point of view, there is a need to organise interlaboratory comparisons specifically designed to the requirements of WFD (concentrations around EQSs, representative water samples) as well as field trials to compare sampling methodologies. Additional analytical challenges may arise when Member States have identified their river basin specific pollutants and after revision of the list of priority substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lepom
- Federal Environment Agency, Laboratory for Water Analysis, Bismarckplatz 1, D-14193 Berlin, Germany.
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38
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Development of a portable biosensor for screening neurotoxic agents in water samples. Talanta 2008; 75:1208-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Revised: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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Richardson SD. Environmental Mass Spectrometry: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues. Anal Chem 2008; 80:4373-402. [DOI: 10.1021/ac800660d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan D. Richardson
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605
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40
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Kuster M, López de Alda MJ, Barata C, Raldúa D, Barceló D. Analysis of 17 polar to semi-polar pesticides in the Ebro river delta during the main growing season of rice by automated on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2008; 75:390-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Famiglini G, Palma P, Pierini E, Trufelli H, Cappiello A. Organochlorine pesticides by LC-MS. Anal Chem 2008; 80:3445-9. [PMID: 18345691 DOI: 10.1021/ac8000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of water resources by organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) continues to receive widespread attention because of the increasing concern regarding their high persistence and bioaccumulation. These organic pollutants are not amenable by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to atmospheric pressure ionization-mass spectrometry, which represents the method of choice for the characterization of pesticide residues in water. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry provides excellent response for OCPs, but it falls short when complex, multiresidue analyses are required. As recently demonstrated, an efficient EI-based LC-MS interface can generate very good spectra for an extremely wide range of small-medium molecular weight molecules of different polarity and can represent a valid tool in solving the analytical challenge of analyzing OCPs by LC-MS. Based on this assumption, we present a new approach for the determination of 12 OCPs in water samples. The method requires a solid-phase extraction preconcentration step followed by nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to a direct-electron ionization direct interface (Direct-EI). Direct-EI is a miniaturized interface for efficiently coupling a liquid chromatograph with an EI mass spectrometer. The capability to acquire high-quality EI spectra in a wide range of concentrations, and to operate in selected ion monitoring mode during analyses, allowed a precise quantification of the OCPs. Without sample injection enrichment, limits of detection of the method span from 0.044 to 0.33 microg/L, corresponding to an instrumental detection limit of 120-850 pg. In addition, a careful evaluation of the matrix effect showed that the response of the Direct-EI interface was never affected by sample interferences. From our knowledge, the proposed method represents the first application of LC-MS in the analysis of organochlorine pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Famiglini
- Istituto di Scienze Chimiche F. Bruner, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
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Moral A, Sicilia MD, Rubio S, Pérez-Bendito D. Multifunctional sorbents for the extraction of pesticide multiresidues from natural waters. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 608:61-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Revised: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Chapter 7 New Approaches in Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(08)00007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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44
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Picó Y, Farré M, Soler C, Barceló D. Confirmation of fenthion metabolites in oranges by IT-MS and QqTOF-MS. Anal Chem 2007; 79:9350-63. [PMID: 18020315 DOI: 10.1021/ac071559l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Identification of degradation products of the organophophorous pesticide fenthion formed in two orange varieties, Valencia Navel and Navel Late, under field conditions has been assessed using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ion trap mass spectrometry. The structural elucidation of the metabolites was accomplished by the accurate mass measurements provided by the quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer in MS and MS/MS modes. This instrument achieved elemental composition diagnosis for the precursor and product ions with absolute mass error of <5 ppm, which unambiguously establishes the identity of the metabolites even at low concentration. The presence of these compounds was also confirmed by electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry, performing successive fragmentation steps (MS(n)). Once identified, each molecule was confirmed by comparison with its analytical standard, also used to explore the quantitative capabilities of both mass analyzers. The extraction method was evaluated because it predetermines the metabolites that can be found (e.g., according to their polarity). Recoveries ranged from 70% for fenoxon sulfoxide (the most polar) to 101% for fenthion (the most apolar), which also indicates the method's facility to extract other more polar metabolites if present. Satisfactory linear range (r > 0.99) of more than 2 orders of magnitude was obtained with both analyzers for standards prepared in methanol and in untreated orange extracts. However, the matrix-matched standards showed suppression of the mass signal due to the matrix effect, especially for fenoxon sulfoxide and sulfone. The limits of quantification ranged from 0.005 to 0.015 mg/kg. The QqTOF-MS provided better quantification limits for fenthion and its sulfoxide and sulfone than the IT-MS. The resulting fenthion degration curves in oranges indicated that it was mainly degraded by sunlight photolysis to its sulfoxide and sulfone. However, hydrolysis was also observed by the appearance of fenoxon, fenoxon sulfoxide, and fenoxon sulfone, but always in low concentrations, which can be related to the rain events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Picó
- Laboratori de Bromatologia i Toxicologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Avenue Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Richardson
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA
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Soler C, Picó Y. Recent trends in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to determine pesticides and their metabolites in food. Trends Analyt Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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