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Desgranges A, D'Agosto F, Boisson C. Rare-Earth Metallocenes for Polymerization of Olefins and Conjugated Dienes: From Fundamental Studies to Olefin Block Copolymers. Chempluschem 2024:e202400262. [PMID: 38853764 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The various steps in the mechanism of olefin polymerizations mediated by neutral rare-earth metallocene complexes are discussed. The complexes are either trivalent hydride and alkyl rare-earth compounds or divalent metallocenes that are activated by the monomer via an oxidation step. The stereospecific polymerizations of conjugated dienes based on the association of a cationic metallocene complex and an alkylaluminum and the polymerization mechanism based on monomer insertion into an aluminum-carbon bond are also discussed. The exploitation of metallocene complexes for the copolymerization of olefins with conjugated dienes is the subject of a third part of this review. The synthesis of new elastomers called ethylene butadiene rubber (EBR) is highlighted. Finally, the use of rare-earth metallocenes in macromolecular engineering is detailed. This includes the synthesis of functional polyolefins and block copolymers including thermoplastic elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Desgranges
- CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M), Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
- ChemistLab, Michelin CP2 M ICBMS joint Laboratory, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
- Manufacture des Pneumatiques Michelin, 23 place Carmes Déchaux, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Franck D'Agosto
- CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M), Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
- ChemistLab, Michelin CP2 M ICBMS joint Laboratory, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe Boisson
- CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M), Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
- ChemistLab, Michelin CP2 M ICBMS joint Laboratory, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
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2
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Makwana UC, Gupta V. Trans-1,4-polybutadiene: Influences of Lewis bases on polymerization of butadiene with supported titanium catalyst systems. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2021.1953385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh C. Makwana
- Reliance Technology Group, Hazira Manufacturing Division, Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Virendrakumar Gupta
- Reliance Research & Development Centre, Reliance Corporate Park, Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), Navi, Mumbai, India
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3
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Ricci G, Pampaloni G, Sommazzi A, Masi F. Dienes Polymerization: Where We Are and What Lies Ahead. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ricci
- CNR-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), Via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Sommazzi
- Centro Ricerca Novara, Versalis S.p.A., Via G. Fauser 4, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Masi
- R&D Partner Catalysis, Versalis S.p.A., Piazza Boldrini 1, I-20097 San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy
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4
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Kumar A, Mohanty S, Gupta VK. BUTADIENE RUBBER: SYNTHESIS, MICROSTRUCTURE, AND ROLE OF CATALYSTS. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.21.79948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Butadiene rubber (BR) is one of the most useful and second most produced rubber worldwide. Polymerization of 1,3-butadiene (BD) is a highly stereospecific reaction that offers a wide variety of BR with different microstructures and influences the fundamental properties of the rubber. Since the first successful polymerization of conjugated diene using the Ziegler–Natta–based catalyst (TiCl4 or TiCl3 with aluminum alkyls) in 1954, the research on producing synthetic rubber with an appropriate catalyst system has been accelerated. Subsequently, various research groups are actively engaged in designing active catalyst systems based on a suitable combination of transition metal complexes with alkyl-aluminum and successfully using them in BD polymerization. Although various scientific inventions have proven their significance for the production of high-quality BR, with the rising demands in improving the quality of the product, research on developing new catalyst systems with enhanced catalytic activity and high stereoselectivity is still in progress. The present review focuses on the synthesis of BR using various transition metal catalysts and discusses their microstructures. The catalysts based on new-generation metal complexes with phosphorus, nitrogen, and oxygen donor ligands (e.g., phosphines, imines, 1,10-phenanthroline, and imino-pyridines) have been introduced. The role that catalysts play in the production of BR with different microstructures (i.e., high-cis, high-trans or low-cis, low-trans polybutadiene) has also been described. The combination of catalyst (transition metal complex) and suitable co-catalyst (alkyl-aluminum) is the major factor influencing the reaction and microstructure of the resulting polymer. This report focuses on the effect of transition metal catalysts (i.e., lithium [Li], titanium [Ti], zirconium [Zr], iron [Fe], cobalt [Co], nickel [Ni], and neodymium [Nd]) on the activity and stereoselectivity of polymers such as 1,4-cis-, 1,4-trans-, and 1,2-vinyl-polybutadiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Polymer Synthesis and Catalysis Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subhra Mohanty
- Polymer Synthesis and Catalysis Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Gupta
- Polymer Synthesis and Catalysis Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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5
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Wang H, Cue JMO, Calubaquib EL, Kularatne RN, Taslimy S, Miller JT, Stefan MC. Neodymium catalysts for polymerization of dienes, vinyl monomers, and ε-caprolactone. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01270c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses various neodymium catalysts for stereospecific polymerization of dienes, vinyl monomers, and ε-caprolactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Wang
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas, 75080, USA
| | - John Michael O. Cue
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas, 75080, USA
| | - Erika L. Calubaquib
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas, 75080, USA
| | - Ruvanthi N. Kularatne
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas, 75080, USA
| | - Somayeh Taslimy
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas, 75080, USA
| | - Justin T. Miller
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas, 75080, USA
| | - Mihaela C. Stefan
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas, 75080, USA
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6
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Liu J, Zheng N, Min X, Liu J, Li Z, Ji X. Synthesis of butadiene/isoprene–styrene di-block copolymer with high cis-1,4 unit content based on a neodymium phosphate ester. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37436-37442. [PMID: 35496400 PMCID: PMC9043828 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06923c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel two-step synthesis strategy based on a liquid neodymium phosphate ester (Nd(P507)3) catalyst was used to synthesize diene-styrene di-block copolymers with high cis-1,4 unit content, such as butadiene–styrene (PB-b-PS), isoprene–styrene (PI-b-PS), and so on. The strategy not only makes full use of the high cis-1,4 stereo-selectivity of the rare earth catalyst to conjugated dienes, but also adjusts the electron cloud density of the catalytic active center by introducing triphenyl phosphine (PPh3). Thus, the catalytic activity of the neodymium-based catalyst center toward styrene has been largely improved, and a series of PB/PI-b-PSs with high cis-1,4 unit content (98.3 and 98.1% respectively), narrow molecular weight distribution and controllable block ratio were successfully synthesized. Herein, molecular weight (Mn), molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) and microstructure of the block polymers were characterized using SEC-MALLS, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and DSC. The DSC curve of a PB-b-PS with 98.3% cis-1,4 unit and 18.6% polystyrene content shows a Tg of −103.1 °C, which means it has relatively excellent mechanical properties at lower temperature. The results show that these PB/PI-b-PS materials have good application prospects in harsh low temperature environments. A novel synthesis strategy of butadiene/isoprene–styrene di-block copolymer with high cis-1,4 content was explored based on a neodymium phosphate catalyst, by adjusting the electron cloud density of the catalytic active center via triphenyl phosphine.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Xin Min
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Junhai Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Zhizhou Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Xiaohui Ji
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Walsh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michael G. Hyatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Susannah A. Miller
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Damien Guironnet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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8
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Liu J, Min X, Zhang X, Zhu X, Wang Z, Wang T, Fan X. A novel synthetic strategy for styrene-butadiene-styrene tri-block copolymer with high cis-1,4 units via changing catalytic active centres. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190536. [PMID: 31312502 PMCID: PMC6599772 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A styrene-butadiene-styrene tri-block copolymer (SBS) with a high cis-1,4 unit content (greater than 97%) was synthesized by a novel synthetic strategy based on changing the catalytic active centres using n-butyllithium and a nickel-based catalyst. Firstly, styrene was polymerized via anionic polymerization using butyllithium as the initiator (Li, activity centre Li) at 50°C. The obtained alkylated macroinitiator (PSLi) was aged with nickel naphthenate (Ni) and boron trifluoride etherate (B) to prepare a second reactive centre (Ni-F), which was used to initiate the polymerization of butadiene (Bd). Finally, triphenyl phosphine (PPh3) was added to adjust the electron density of the third active centre (P-Ni-F), and styrene monomer was added again to synthesize the second polystyrene block to obtain SBS. The polymerization technique presented here is simple and has an efficient initiation effect due to the high initiation activities for the different monomers. It also exhibits excellent control over the stereo-structure of the butadiene segments in the prepared copolymers, and the SBS polymers with high cis-1,4 unit content were easily achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710129, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Catalytic Foundation and Application, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Min
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710129, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710129, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzhong Zhu
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710129, People's Republic of China
| | - Zichao Wang
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710129, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wang
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710129, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Fan
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710129, People's Republic of China
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9
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Min X, Fan X. A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Hydroxyl Terminated Polystyrene- b-Polybutadiene- b-Polystyrene Triblock Copolymer with High Cis-1, 4 Content. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11040598. [PMID: 30960582 PMCID: PMC6523885 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports the preparation of a hydroxyl terminated polystyrene-b-polybutadiene-b-polystyrene triblock copolymer (SBS) with high cis-1, 4 content via a novel nickel catalyst, [η3-Ni(CH2CHCHCH2OOCH3)][BPhF4]. FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C NMR indicated that the polybutadiene segment of the copolymer contains greater than 90% cis-1, 4 structure, indicating achievement of the objective. Toward the functionalization goal, a hydroxyl group was successfully introduced at the end of the triblock copolymer (HO–SBS–OH). The results of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) revealed that the polymer is indeed a triblock copolymer, with no traces of homopolymer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that HO–SBS–OH synthesized using the novel catalyst had a lower glass transition temperature (Tg) than HO–SBS–OH synthesized with an alkyl lithium catalyst. Therefore, the polymer synthesized via the novel catalyst contains high cis-1,4 content and displays excellent low-temperature mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Min
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Nature and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Dongxiang Road 1, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xiaodong Fan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Nature and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Dongxiang Road 1, Xi'an 710072, China.
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10
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Solvent effect in 1,3-butadiene polymerization by cyclopentadienyl titanium trichloride (CpTiCl3)/methylaluminoxane (MAO) and pentamethylcyclopentadienyl titanium trichloride (Cp*TiCl3)/MAO catalysts. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Liu J, Min X, Zhu X, Wang Z, Wang T, Fan X. A New Synthesis Strategy on Styrene-Butadiene Di-Block Copolymer Containing High cis-1,4 Unit Via Transfer of Anionic to Coordination Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E195. [PMID: 30960178 PMCID: PMC6418940 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel synthesis strategy on styrene-butadiene di-block copolymer (PS-b-PB) with high cis-1,4 unit content was developed, based on a transfer technique from anionic to coordination polymerization. Firstly, the styrene monomer was initiated by n-butyllithium (Li) utilizing anionic polymerization at 50 °C, which resulted in a macromolecular alkylating initiator (PSLi). Secondly, PSLi was aged with nickel naphthenate (Ni) and boron trifluoride etherate (B) for obtaining a complex catalyst system (Ni/PSLi/B). Then, Ni/PSLi/B was applied to initiate the butadiene (Bd) polymerization. Following this new strategy, a series of PS-b-PBs were successfully synthesized. The experimental results indicated that under the molar ratio combination of [Li]/[Ni] = 5 and [B]/[Li] = 1, styrene-butadiene di-block copolymers could be easily achieved with high cis-1,4 unit content (>97%) and controlled molecular weight as well as narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn < 1.5). Furthermore, the copolymer's block ratio could also be effectively controlled by controlling the two components' monomer feed ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- School of material scienece and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China.
| | - Xin Min
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xiuzhong Zhu
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Zichao Wang
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xiaodong Fan
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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12
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1,3-Diene Polymerization Mediated by Homoleptic Tetramethylaluminates of the Rare-Earth Metals. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past two decades homoleptic tetramethylaluminates of the trivalent rare-earth metals, Ln(AlMe4)3, have emerged as useful components for efficient catalyst design in the field of 1,3-diene polymerization. Previous work had focused on isoprene polymerization applying Ln(AlMe4)3 precatalysts with Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd and Y, in the presence of Et2AlCl as an activator. Polymerizations employing Ln(AlMe4)3 with Ln = La, Y and Nd along with borate/borane co-catalysts [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4], [PhNMe2H][B(C6F5)4] and [B(C6F5)3] were mainly investigated for reasons of comparison with ancillary ligand-supported systems (cf. half-sandwich complexes). The present study investigates into a total of eleven rare-earth elements, namely Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Y, Er and Lu. A full overview on the polymerization behavior of Ln(AlMe4)3 in the presence of perfluorinated borate/borane cocatalysts and R2AlCl-type activators (R = Me, Et) is provided, probing the monomers isoprene and 1,3-butadiene (and preliminary ethylene). Virtually complete cis-1,4-selectivities are obtained for several catalyst/cocatalyst combinations (e.g., Gd(AlMe4)3/Me2AlCl, >99.9%). Insights into the ‘black box’ of active species are obtained by indirect observations via screening of pre-reaction time and cocatalyst concentration. The microstructure of the polydienes is investigated by combined 1H/13C NMR and ATR-IR spectroscopies. Furthermore, the reaction of [LuMe6(Li(thf)x)3] with AlMe3 has been applied as a new strategy for the efficient synthesis of Lu(AlMe4)3. The solid-state structures of Gd(AlMe4)3 and Tb(AlMe4)3 are reported.
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13
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Recent Advances in Rare Earth Complexes Bearing Allyl Ligands and Their Reactivity towards Conjugated Dienes and Styrene Polymerization. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7120378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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14
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Tanaka R, Yuuya K, Sato H, Eberhardt P, Nakayama Y, Shiono T. Synthesis of stereodiblock polyisoprene consisting of cis-1,4 and trans-1,4 sequences by using a neodymium catalyst: change of the stereospecificity triggered by an aluminum compound. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01872b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of stereodiblock polyisoprene which consists ofcis-1,4 andtrans-1,4 sequences was achieved by using a neodymium catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-hiroshima
- 739-8527 Japan
| | - Kaede Yuuya
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-hiroshima
- 739-8527 Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-hiroshima
- 739-8527 Japan
| | - Peter Eberhardt
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-hiroshima
- 739-8527 Japan
| | - Yuushou Nakayama
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-hiroshima
- 739-8527 Japan
| | - Takeshi Shiono
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-hiroshima
- 739-8527 Japan
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15
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Pragliola S, Costabile C, Venditto V. Ethylene/1,3-butadiene cyclocopolymerization catalyzed by zirconocene systems. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Mansell SM, Bonnet F, Visseaux M, Arnold PL. Uranium(iv) amido-borohydrides as highly active diene polymerisation catalysts. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:9033-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50131k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Costabile C, Capacchione C, Saviello D, Proto A. Mechanistic Studies on Conjugated Diene Polymerizations Promoted by a Titanium Complex Containing a Tetradentate [OSSO]-Type Bis(phenolato) Ligand. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3011697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Costabile
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANOMATES, Research
Centre for NANOMAterials and nanoTEchnology, Università di Salerno, via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano
(Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmine Capacchione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANOMATES, Research
Centre for NANOMAterials and nanoTEchnology, Università di Salerno, via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano
(Salerno), Italy
| | - Daniela Saviello
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANOMATES, Research
Centre for NANOMAterials and nanoTEchnology, Università di Salerno, via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano
(Salerno), Italy
| | - Antonio Proto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia and NANOMATES, Research
Centre for NANOMAterials and nanoTEchnology, Università di Salerno, via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano
(Salerno), Italy
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18
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Loughmari S, Hafid A, Bouazza A, El Bouadili A, Zinck P, Visseaux M. Highly stereoselective coordination polymerization of β‐myrcene from a lanthanide‐based catalyst: Access to bio‐sourced elastomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Loughmari
- Université Lille Nord de France, F‐5900 Lille, France
- ENSCL, UCCS, CCM, F‐59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- USTL, UCCS, CCM, F‐59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- CNRS, UMR8181, F‐59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée et Science de l'Environnement, USMS, FST‐BM, B.P 523, 23 000 Béni‐Mellal, Maroc
| | - Abderrafia Hafid
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Analytique—Equipe COOA, USMS, FST‐BM, B.P 523, 23 000 Béni‐Mellal, Maroc
| | - Aicha Bouazza
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée et Science de l'Environnement, USMS, FST‐BM, B.P 523, 23 000 Béni‐Mellal, Maroc
| | - Abdelaziz El Bouadili
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée et Science de l'Environnement, USMS, FST‐BM, B.P 523, 23 000 Béni‐Mellal, Maroc
| | - Philippe Zinck
- Université Lille Nord de France, F‐5900 Lille, France
- ENSCL, UCCS, CCM, F‐59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- USTL, UCCS, CCM, F‐59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- CNRS, UMR8181, F‐59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Marc Visseaux
- Université Lille Nord de France, F‐5900 Lille, France
- ENSCL, UCCS, CCM, F‐59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- USTL, UCCS, CCM, F‐59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- CNRS, UMR8181, F‐59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Terrier M, Brulé E, Vitorino MJ, Ajellal N, Robert C, Gauvin RM, Thomas CM. Supported Neodymium Catalysts for Isoprene and rac
-β-Butyrolactone Polymerization: Modulation of Reactivity by Controlled Grafting. Macromol Rapid Commun 2010; 32:215-9. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201000653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Carpentier JF, Guillaume SM, Kirillov E, Sarazin Y. Discrete allyl complexes of group 3 metals and lanthanides. CR CHIM 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Ricci G, Sommazzi A, Masi F, Ricci M, Boglia A, Leone G. Well-defined transition metal complexes with phosphorus and nitrogen ligands for 1,3-dienes polymerization. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Solomon SA, Layfield RA. The coordination chemistry of silyl-substituted allyl ligands. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:2469-83. [DOI: 10.1039/b918619k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tobisch S. Mechanistic insight into the selective trans-1,4-polymerization of butadiene by terpyridine–iron(II) complexes — A computational study. CAN J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1139/v09-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The density functional theory (DFT) method has been employed to unravel mechanistic intricacies of the 1,4-polymerization of 1,3-butadiene mediated by the [(η3-RC3H4)FeII(C15H11N3)(η2-C4H6)]+ terpyridine–iron(II) active catalyst species. The π-allyl-insertion mechanism is operative for chain growth, whilst the alternative σ-allyl-insertion mechanism has been explicitly demonstrated as being inoperable. This study elucidates the mechanism of cis–trans regulation and unveils the factors that govern the observed high trans-1,4 stereoselectivity, in particular, the discriminative role of allylic isomerization. An atactic trans-1,4-polydiene is expected from polymerization of a terminally monosubstituted butadiene, the experimental results of which have not been reported thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Tobisch
- University of St Andrews, School of Chemistry, Purdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom. (e-mail: )
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Alarifi A, Aouak T. Homopolymerization of benzylmethacrylate and methylvinylketone using Ni(acac)2–methylaluminoxane catalyst system. ARAB J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Ethene-1,3-butadiene copolymerizations in the presence of CpTiCl3–MAO: Relevance of the cocatalyst. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kunze MR, Steinborn D, Merzweiler K, Wagner C, Sieler J, Taube R. Synthese, Struktur und Reaktivität von Tris‐, Bis‐ und Mono(2,4‐dimethylpentadienyl)‐Komplexen des Neodyms, Lanthans und des Yttriums. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200700056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Kunze
- Halle (Saale), Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Martin Luther Universität
| | - Dirk Steinborn
- Halle (Saale), Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Martin Luther Universität
| | - Kurt Merzweiler
- Halle (Saale), Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Martin Luther Universität
| | - Christoph Wagner
- Halle (Saale), Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Martin Luther Universität
| | - Joachim Sieler
- Leipzig, Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Leipzig
| | - Rudolf Taube
- Halle (Saale), Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Martin Luther Universität
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Regio- and stereochemistry of the first insertion step in the 1,3-butadiene polymerization catalyzed by CpTiCl3–MAO. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Tobisch S. The stereospecific polymerization of 1,3-butadiene mediated by early and late transition-metal catalysts. Towards a deeper understanding of the catalytic structure–reactivity relationships from computational-mechanistic studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2006.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Fischbach A, Anwander R. Rare-Earth Metals and Aluminum Getting Close in Ziegler-Type Organometallics. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/12_093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Friebe L, Nuyken O, Obrecht W. Neodymium-Based Ziegler/Natta Catalysts and their Application in Diene Polymerization. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/12_094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ajellal N, Furlan L, Thomas CM, Casagrande OL, Carpentier JF. Mixed Aluminum-Magnesium-Rare Earth Allyl Catalysts for Controlled Isoprene Polymerization: Modulation of Stereocontrol. Macromol Rapid Commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200500775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Endo K, Sugita T. Synthesis of Graft Copolymer from Copolymerization of Styrene-terminated Poly(ethylene oxide) Macromonomer and Styrene with Ni(acac)2/Methylaluminoxane Catalyst. Polym J 2004. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.36.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Coordination Polymerization of Dienes, Allenes, and Methylenecycloalkanes. POLYMER SYNTHESIS 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/b13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Costabile C, Milano G, Cavallo L, Longo P, Guerra G, Zambelli A. Stereoselectivity and chemoselectivity in Ziegler–Natta polymerization of conjugated dienes. 2. Mechanism for 1,2 syndiotactic polymerization of diene monomers with high energy s-cis η4 coordination. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bonnet F, Visseaux M, Barbier-Baudry D. New divalent samarocenes for butadiene polymerisation: influence of the steric effect and the electron density on the catalytic activity. J Organomet Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Thiele SKH, Wilson DR. Alternate Transition Metal Complex Based Diene Polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/mc-120025979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tobisch S, Taube R. Reaction mechanism and structure-reactivity relationships in the stereospecific 1,4-polymerization of butadiene catalyzed by neutral dimeric allylnickel(II) halides [Ni(C3H5)X]2 (X- = Cl-, Br-, I-): a comprehensive density functional theory study. Chemistry 2001; 7:3681-95. [PMID: 11575769 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20010903)7:17<3681::aid-chem3681>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, a comprehensive and consistent picture of the catalytic cycle of 1,4-polymerization of butadiene with neutral dimeric allylnickel(II) halides [Ni(C3H5)X]2 (X = Cl- (I), Br- (II), and I- (III)) as single-site catalysts has been derived by means of quantum chemical calculations that employ a gradient-corrected density-functional method. All crucial reaction steps of the entire catalytic course have been scrutinized, taking into account butadiene pi complex formation, symmetrical and asymmetrical splitting of dimeric pi complexes, cis-butadiene insertion, and anti-syn isomerization. The present investigation examines, in terms of located structures, energies and activation barriers, the participation of postulated intermediates, in particular it aimed to clarify whether monomeric or dimeric species are the catalytically active species. Prior qualitative mechanistic assumptions are substituted by the presented theoretically well-founded and detailed analysis of both the thermodynamic and the kinetic aspects, that substantially improve the insight into the reaction course and enlarge them with novel mechanistic proposals. From a mechanistic point of view, all three catalysts exhibit common characteristics. First, chain propagation occurs by cis-butadiene insertion into the pi-butenylnickel(II) bond with nearly identical intrinsic free-energy activation barriers. Second, the reactivity of syn-butenyl forms is distinctly higher than that of anti forms. Third, the chain-propagation step is rate-determining in the entire polymerization process, and the pre-established anti-syn equilibrium can always be regarded as attained. Accordingly, neutral dimeric allylnickel(II) halides catalyze the formation of a stereo-regular trans-1,4-polymer under kinetic control following the k1t channel with butenyl(halide)(butadiene)NiII complexes being the catalytically active species. Production of a stereoregular cis-1,4-polymer with allylnickel chloride can only be explained by making the k2c channel accessible by the formation of polybutadienyl(butadiene) complexes, which is accompanied by the coordination of the next double bond in the growing chain to the NiII center.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tobisch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg Fachbereich Chemie, Halle, Germany.
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Butadiene polymerization using neodymium versatate-based catalysts: catalyst optimization and effects of water and excess versatic acid. POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Quirk RP, Kells AM. Polymerization of butadiene using neodymium versatate-based catalyst systems: preformed catalysts with SiCl4 as halide source. POLYM INT 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-0126(200007)49:7<751::aid-pi449>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Quirk RP, Kells AM. Polymerization of butadiene using neodymium versatate-based catalyst systems: preformed catalysts with SiCl4 as halide source. POLYM INT 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-0126(200007)49:7%3c751::aid-pi449%3e3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Baudry‐Barbier D, Camus E, Dormond A, Visseaux M. Homogeneous organolanthanide catalysts for the selective polymerization of styrene without aluminium cocatalysts. Appl Organomet Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0739(199911)13:11<813::aid-aoc897>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Baudry‐Barbier
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et d’Electrosynthèse Organométalliques LSEO, UMR CNRS 5632, Faculté des Sciences, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Elise Camus
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et d’Electrosynthèse Organométalliques LSEO, UMR CNRS 5632, Faculté des Sciences, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alain Dormond
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et d’Electrosynthèse Organométalliques LSEO, UMR CNRS 5632, Faculté des Sciences, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Marc Visseaux
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et d’Electrosynthèse Organométalliques LSEO, UMR CNRS 5632, Faculté des Sciences, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
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Baudry-Barbier D, Andre N, Dormond A, Pardes C, Richard P, Visseaux M, Zhu CJ. Anionic Monosubstituted Cyclopentadienylsamarium Derivatives: Catalysts for a Stereospecific Isoprene Polymerization. Eur J Inorg Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0682(199811)1998:11<1721::aid-ejic1721>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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LII. Synthese und Charakterisierung von Bis- und Mono-(η3-allyl)neodym(III)–chlorid, Nd(η3-C3H5)2Cl·1.5 THF und Nd(η3-C3H5)Cl2·2THF, zur Gewinnung hoch aktiver und selektiver Komplexkatalysatoren für die 1,4-cis-Polymerisation des Butadiens. J Organomet Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(97)00572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Taube R, Windisch H, Weiβenborn H, Hemling H, Schumann H. Komplexkatalyse LI. Komplexe des Tris(allyl)lanthans mit verschiedenen Donorliganden La(η3-C3H5)3 · L (L:DME, TMED, 2HMPT) und ihre katalytischen Eigenschaften in der stereospezifischen Butadienpolymerisation. J Organomet Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(97)00406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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