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PEGylated and functionalized polylactide-based nanocapsules: An overview. Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122760. [PMID: 36858134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanocapsules (NC) are versatile mixed vesicular nanocarriers, generally containing a lipid core with a polymeric wall. They have been first developed over four decades ago with outstanding applicability in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical fields. Biodegradable polyesters are frequently used in nanocapsule preparation and among them, polylactic acid (PLA) derivatives and copolymers, such as PLGA and amphiphilic block copolymers, are widely used and considered safe for different administration routes. PLA functionalization strategies have been developed to obtain more versatile polymers and to allow the conjugation with bioactive ligands for cell-targeted NC. This review intends to provide steps in the evolution of NC since its first report and the recent literature on PLA-based NC applications. PLA-based polymer synthesis and surface modifications are included, as well as the use of NC as a novel tool for combined treatment, diagnostics, and imaging in one delivery system. Furthermore, the use of NC to carry therapeutic and/or imaging agents for different diseases, mainly cancer, inflammation, and infections is presented and reviewed. Constraints that impair translation to the clinic are discussed to provide safe and reproducible PLA-based nanocapsules on the market. We reviewed the entire period in the literature where the term "nanocapsules" appears for the first time until the present day, selecting original scientific publications and the most relevant patent literature related to PLA-based NC. We presented to readers a historical overview of these Sui generis nanostructures.
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2
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Novel biosurfactant and lipid core-shell type nanocapsular sustained release system for intravenous application of methotrexate. Int J Pharm 2019; 557:86-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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3
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Iyisan B, Landfester K. Modular Approach for the Design of Smart Polymeric Nanocapsules. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800577. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Banu Iyisan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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Chan KH, Lee WH, Ni M, Loo Y, Hauser CAE. C-Terminal Residue of Ultrashort Peptides Impacts on Molecular Self-Assembly, Hydrogelation, and Interaction with Small-Molecule Drugs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17127. [PMID: 30459362 PMCID: PMC6244206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Single molecular changes on a tripeptide can have dramatic effects on their self-assembly and hydrogelation. Herein, we explore C-terminal residue variation on two consistent ultrashort peptide backbones, i.e. acetylated-Leu-Ile-Val-Ala-Gly-Xaa and acetylated-Ile-Val-Xaa (Xaa = His, Arg, Asn). The objective of this study is to identify candidates that can form hydrogels for small-molecule drug (SMD) delivery. Haemolysis and cytotoxicity (with human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells) assays showed that the new soluble peptides (Xaa = His, Arg) are cytocompatible. Gelation studies showed that all but acetylated-Ile-Val-Arg could gel under physiological conditions. Longer peptidic backbones drive self-assembly more effectively as reflected in field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and circular dichroism spectroscopy studies. Rheological studies revealed that the resultant hydrogels have varying stiffness and yield stress, depending on the backbone and C-terminal residue. Visible spectroscopy-based elution studies with SMDs (naltrexone, methotrexate, doxorubicin) showed that besides the C-terminal residue, the shape of the SMD also determines the rate and extent of SMD elution. Based on the elution assays, infrared spectroscopy, and FESEM, we propose models for the peptide fibril-SMD interaction. Our findings highlight the importance of matching the molecular properties of the self-assembling peptide and SMD in order to achieve the desired SMD release profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiat Hwa Chan
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore, 138527, Singapore.
| | - Wei Hao Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, 3400 North Charles Street, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ming Ni
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí, 100105, Ecuador
| | - Yihua Loo
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Charlotte A E Hauser
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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Villarreal-Gómez LJ, Serrano-Medina A, José Torres-Martínez E, Lizeth Perez-González G, Manuel Cornejo-Bravo J. Polymeric advanced delivery systems for antineoplasic drugs: doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil. E-POLYMERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2017-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AbstractConventional pharmaceuticals generally display the inability to transport active ingredients directly to specific regions of the body, amongst some of their main limitations. The distribution of the drugs in the circulatory system may lead to undesired toxicity, and therefore, adverse reactions. To address this situation, a selective transport of drugs is required, that is, releasing drugs specifically to the site of action in appropriate concentrations and in the right time. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to develop delivery systems that respond to several features, such as low toxicity, optimum properties for the transport and release of the drug, as well as a long half-life in the body. This feature paper critically provides an overview of different strategies of controlled drug release for two model antineoplasic drugs, i.e. doxorubicin (DOX) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Any of the presented strategies for drug release possess advantages and disadvantages, and the selection of the strategy used will depend on the targeted tissue and nature of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Jesús Villarreal-Gómez
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana, Baja California C.P. 22390, México
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Unidad Valle de las Palmas, Tijuana, Baja California, México
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Unidad Otay, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | - Aracely Serrano-Medina
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana, Baja California C.P. 22390, México
- Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Unidad Otay, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | - Erick José Torres-Martínez
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana, Baja California C.P. 22390, México
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Unidad Valle de las Palmas, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | - Graciela Lizeth Perez-González
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana, Baja California C.P. 22390, México
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Unidad Valle de las Palmas, Tijuana, Baja California, México
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Unidad Otay, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | - José Manuel Cornejo-Bravo
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana, Baja California C.P. 22390, México
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Unidad Otay, Tijuana, Baja California, México
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Bassyouni F, ElHalwany N, Abdel Rehim M, Neyfeh M. Advances and new technologies applied in controlled drug delivery system. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-013-1338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Yoon S, Kim WJ, Yoo HS. Dual-responsive breakdown of nanostructures with high doxorubicin payload for apoptotic anticancer therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:284-293. [PMID: 22930531 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled nanoaggregates co-encapsulating doxorubicin (DOX) and oligonucleotide are prepared for dual-responsive breakdown of the nanostructure with complete disappearance characteristics. Four-arm poly(ethylene glycol) is co-conjugated with DOX and anti-bcl-2 oligonucleotide with reducible linkers and acid-cleavable linkers, respectively. The conjugate is hydrophobically self-assembled into nanoaggregates in aqueous solution. Elemental scanning of the nanoaggregates reveals their core-shell structure with DOX and oligonucleotide located at the core and the shell, respectively. The tracking of size modulation suggests the complete disappearance of the particles under reducing conditions and the liberation of oligonucleotide at low pH, which is confirmed by dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. The release of DOX and oligonucleotide is controlled by the pH and the reducing potential of the medium, and most of the drug and DNA are released in 24 h. The released fractions are analyzed by reversed-phase chromatography, which indicates facile cleavage of DOX and oligonucleotide from the carriers. The nanoaggregates with both DOX and oligonucleotide show the lowest IC(50) value when a cytotoxicity assay is performed against A549 cells. Apoptosis assay also confirms that cells treated with the nanoaggregates having both DOX and oligonucleotide show higher fluorescence intensity of antiapoptotic antibody than native DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Yoon
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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8
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Ye R, Wang Z, Yang K, Luo S. Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Biodegradable Material, Poly(Lactic Acid-co-Tryptophane). Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/138577210x521314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruirong Ye
- a Department of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- b Department of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China;,
| | - Kai Yang
- c Department of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shihe Luo
- d Department of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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Mundada AS, Avari JG. Novel Biomaterial for Transdermal Application:In vitroandIn vivoCharacterization. Drug Deliv 2011; 18:424-31. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2011.577107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Rabinovich M, Somayaji SN, Raghavan Pillai R, Hudson MC, Ellington JK, Bosse M, Horton J, Gonsalves KE. Active Polymer Nanoparticles: Delivery of Antibiotics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-1019-ff05-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAntibiotic-encapsulated PLA and PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by the single emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. Different PLA and PLGA systems were prepared, varying the copolymer composition and the amount of the surfactant polyvinyl alcohol. Characterization and drug loading studies were performed by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Simultaneously, in order to model the diffusion of the nanoparticles within the osteoblast, QDs such as functionalized InGaP/ZnS and polymer encapsulated InGaP/ZnS nanoparticles were added to confluent cultures of primary mouse osteoblasts. Following PreFer fixation, cultures were examined via confocal microscopy. QDs were clearly visible within osteoblasts.
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Orozco VH, Kozlovskaya V, Kharlampieva E, López BL, Tsukruk VV. Biodegradable self-reporting nanocomposite films of poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles engineered by layer-by-layer assembly. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Zhao Y, Brown MB, Jones SA. The topical delivery of benzoyl peroxide using elegant dynamic hydrofluoroalkane foams. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:1384-98. [PMID: 19798761 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Formulating benzoyl peroxide (BPO) in an effective topical product is challenging due to its poor water solubility and chemical instability, but delivering BPO using elegant foams is an attractive solution to this problem. The aim of this work was to investigate how nanoparticle properties influence BPO release and permeation when administrated using dynamic hydrofluoroalkane foams. Lipid (LN, approximately 50 nm) and polymeric (PN, approximately 350 nm) nanoparticles were produced and loaded into topical foams. Drug release and permeation was measured using ultrafiltration and Franz cells studies, respectively. No BPO release was detected when the nanoparticles were stored in the aqueous solvent, but upon administration to silicone membrane the pluronic surfactant-induced LN swelling and BPO delivery (35.7 +/- 3.8 microg cm(-2) h(-1)). In the same situation the PN aggregated with a delivery rate of 2.5 +/- 0.2 microg cm(-2) h(-1). Surprisingly the aqueous nanosuspensions delivered BPO at an equivalent rate to the foams despite the poor drug solubility in the dispersing medium presumably due to ultra-rapid BPO solubilization kinetics of the drug in water. The delivery of BPO from the foams (0.1% BPO) was superior compared to the commercial products (5% BPO), but further testing in human skin is required prior to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Science Division, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
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13
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de Faria TJ, Souza-Silva E, de Oliveira DT, Senna EL, Tonussi CR. Evaluation of the pro-inflammatory potential of nanostructured drug carriers in knee-joints of rats: effect on nociception, edema, and cell migration. J Pharm Sci 2010; 98:4844-51. [PMID: 19455621 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanocarriers have been developed aiming at drug delivery; however, the irritating effects of these nanoparticles on naïve or inflamed articular tissues are not known. Poly(D,L-lactide) (N-PLA), methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(D,L-lactide) (N-PEG-PLA), and Dynasan 116 (SLN) were used to prepare the nanocarriers. The average diameter (nm) and zeta potential (mV) of these particles were, respectively, 251 and -33.2, 169 and -22.1, and 105 and -13.0. Naive or carrageenan-primed knee-joints received 100 microL of nanoparticle suspensions or control solution. Incapacitation and articular diameter were determined hourly. Synovial leukocytes were counted 6 h after nanoparticle injection. N-PLA increased the articular diameter and leukocytes, but did not cause incapacitation. In primed knee-joints, N-PLA caused incapacitation, and increased the articular diameter and leukocytes. SLN did not produce inflammatory signals either in naive or primed knees. In primed knee-joints, N-PEG-PLA presented an intermediate effect characterized by an increase in the articular diameter, and a slight increase of leukocytes, but not incapacitation. These results suggest that solid lipid nanoparticles may be safer than polymeric ones, which may be correlated to their chemical composition and superficial charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiany Jovita de Faria
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, PO Box 476, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
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Landfester K, Musyanovych A, Mailänder V. From polymeric particles to multifunctional nanocapsules for biomedical applications using the miniemulsion process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Landfester K. Miniemulsion polymerization and the structure of polymer and hybrid nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:4488-507. [PMID: 19455531 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The miniemulsion process allows the formation of complex structured polymeric nanoparticles and the encapsulation of a solid or liquid, an inorganic or organic, or a hydrophobic or hydrophilic material into a polymer shell. Many different materials, ranging from organic and inorganic pigments, magnetite, or other solid nanoparticles, to hydrophobic and hydrophilic liquids, such as fragrances, drugs, or photoinitators, can be encapsulated. Functionalization of the nanoparticles can also be easily obtained. Compared to polymerization processes in organic solvents, polymerization to obtain polymeric nanoparticles can be performed in environmentally friendly solvents, usually water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Landfester
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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16
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Landfester K. Miniemulsionspolymerisation und Struktur von Polymer- und Hybridnanopartikeln. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Baimark Y, Srisa-ard M, Threeprom J, Phinyocheep P, Kittipoom S. Preparation of surfactant-free nanoparticles of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide-co-ɛ-caprolactone). COLLOID JOURNAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x09010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nair A, Thevenot P, Hu W, Tang L. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE TREATMENT AND DETECTION OF INTRAOCULAR CANCERS. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2008; 4:410-418. [PMID: 20668648 PMCID: PMC2910442 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2008.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous progress in nanotechnology has lead to the development of nanometer-sized objects as medical implants or devices. Many of these nanodevices have recently been tested in many cancer diagnostic and therapeutic applications, such as leukemia, melanoma, breast tumor, prostate tumor, and brain cancer. Despite the increasing importance of nanotechnology in cancer, the potential of these nanodevices in diagnosing and treating intraocular cancers has not been systematically evaluated. This review summarizes the significant advancements and potential areas for development in the field of nanotechnology-based intraocular drug delivery and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Nair
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, PO Box 19138, Arlington, TX 76019-0138
| | - Paul Thevenot
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, PO Box 19138, Arlington, TX 76019-0138
| | - Wenjing Hu
- Progenitec Inc., Arlington, Texas, 76001
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, PO Box 19138, Arlington, TX 76019-0138
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SYNTHESIS OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL)- b-POLY(L-LACTIC ACID) DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS AND FORMATION OF THEIR ELECTROSPUN FIBERS. ACTA POLYM SIN 2008. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2008.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Pillai RR, Somayaji SN, Rabinovich M, Hudson MC, Gonsalves KE. Nafcillin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for treatment of osteomyelitis. Biomed Mater 2008; 3:034114. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/3/3/034114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Srisuwan Y, Srisa-ard M, Sittiwet C, Baimark Y, Anong Nark N, Butiman C. Preparation and Characterization of Nanocomposite and Nanoporous Silk Fibroin Films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2008.2258.2264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Preparation of nanoparticle colloids of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(D,L-lactide): effects of surfactant and organic solvent. Colloid Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-007-1731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Letchford K, Burt H. A review of the formation and classification of amphiphilic block copolymer nanoparticulate structures: micelles, nanospheres, nanocapsules and polymersomes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2006; 65:259-69. [PMID: 17196803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2006.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 712] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Revised: 11/09/2006] [Accepted: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic block copolymers are able to form a range of different nanoparticulate structures. These include micelles, nanospheres, nanocapsules, and polymersomes. This review attempts to clarify some of the terminology used in the literature by providing an overview of the major features of each type of nanoparticle and the factors that influence the formation of particular nanoparticulate formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Letchford
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Barbu E, Verestiuc L, Nevell TG, Tsibouklis J. Polymeric materials for ophthalmic drug delivery: trends and perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b605640g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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