1
|
Kallakas H, Kattamanchi T, Kilumets C, Tarasova E, Krasnou I, Savest N, Ahmadian I, Kers J, Krumme A. Tensile and Surface Wettability Properties of the Solvent Cast Cellulose Fatty Acid Ester Films. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2677. [PMID: 37376322 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoplastic cellulose esters are promising materials for bioplastic packaging. For that usage, it is important to understand their mechanical and surface wettability properties. In this study, a series of cellulose esters are prepared, such as laurate, myristate, palmitate, and stearate. The aim of the study is to investigate the tensile and surface wettability properties of the synthesized cellulose fatty acid esters to understand their suitability as a bioplastic packaging material. Cellulose fatty acid esters are first synthesized from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), then dissolved in pyridine solution, and after the solvent cast into thin films. The cellulose fatty acid ester acylation process is characterized by the FTIR method. Cellulose esters hydrophobicity is evaluated with contact angle measurements. The mechanical properties of the films are tested with the tensile test. For all the synthesized films, FTIR provides clear evidence of acylation by showing the presence of characteristic peaks. Films' mechanical properties are comparable to those of generally used plastics such as LDPE and HDPE. Furthermore, it appears that with an increase in the side-chain length, the water barrier properties showed improvement. These results show that they could potentially be suitable materials for films and packaging materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heikko Kallakas
- Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tanuj Kattamanchi
- Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Catherine Kilumets
- Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Elvira Tarasova
- Laboratory of Biopolymer Technology, Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Illia Krasnou
- Laboratory of Biopolymer Technology, Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Natalja Savest
- Laboratory of Biopolymer Technology, Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Iman Ahmadian
- Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jaan Kers
- Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Andres Krumme
- Laboratory of Biopolymer Technology, Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Biswas MC, Bush B, Ford E. Glucaric acid additives for the antiplasticization of fibers wet spun from cellulose acetate/acetic acid/water. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116510. [PMID: 32718621 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose acetate (CA) receives notable attention as an environmentally friendly, biodegradable polymer from renewable, low-cost resources. CA polymers are believed to have a critical role in shaping a greener and more circular textile economy. However, the mechanical properties of CA fibers are among the lowest in terms of its tensile strength, poor wet strength, and low flexural strength. This study investigates the effect of biobased additives for antiplasticizing the mechanical performance and structure of CA fibers. At up to 5 % of CA, glucaric acid (GA) and its monoammonium salt were added to CA fibers. With 1.5 % GA additive, tensile modulus improved by 155%, tensile strength by 55 %, and CA flexibility according to knot to straight fiber tenacity ratios improved by 107 % when compared to neat CA fibers. Based on the results, green small molecule antiplasticizers do exist, but their performance improvements are observed at low percentages of loading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manik Chandra Biswas
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, 1020 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Bailey Bush
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, 1020 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ericka Ford
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, The Nonwovens Institute, North Carolina State University, 1020 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Affiliation(s)
- Nor Fasihah Zaaba
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - Hanafi Ismail
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu L, Liu X, Petinakis E, Dean K, Bateman S. Starch Based Blends, Composites and Nanocomposites. ADVANCES IN NATURAL POLYMERS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-20940-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
5
|
Kaith BS, Jindal R, Jana AK, Maiti M. Development of corn starch based green composites reinforced with Saccharum spontaneum L fiber and graft copolymers--evaluation of thermal, physico-chemical and mechanical properties. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:6843-6851. [PMID: 20395134 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 03/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, corn starch based green composites reinforced with graft copolymers of Saccharum spontaneum L. (Ss) fiber and methyl methacrylates (MMA) and its mixture with acrylamide (AAm), acrylonitrile (AN), acrylic acid (AA) were prepared. Resorcinol-formaldehyde (Rf) was used as the cross-linking agent in corn starch matrix and different physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated. The matrix and composites were found to be thermally more stable than the natural corn starch backbone. Further the matrix and composites were subjected for biodegradation studies through soil composting method. Different stages of biodegradation were evaluated through FT-IR and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. S. spontaneum L fiber-reinforced composites were found to exhibit better tensile strength. On the other hand Ss-g-poly (MMA) reinforced composites showed maximum compressive strength and wear resistance than other graft copolymers reinforced composite and the basic matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B S Kaith
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B.R.A. National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, Punjab, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu RL, Wang XL, Li F, Li HZ, Wang YZ. Green composite films prepared from cellulose, starch and lignin in room-temperature ionic liquid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:2569-2574. [PMID: 19138843 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Revised: 11/15/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel biobased composite films derived from cellulose, starch and lignin were prepared from an ionic liquid (IL), 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) by coagulating in a nonsolvent condition. The ionic liquid can be recycled with a high yield and purity after the green film was prepared. The uniform design method was applied to investigate mechanical properties of the biobased composite films. The effect of each component and their associated interactive effects were investigated. The experimental results showed that contents of cellulose, lignin and starch had a significant influence on the mechanical properties of composite films. The composite films showed relatively excellent mechanical properties in dry and wet states owing to the mutual property supplement of different components. The composite films were characterized via FT-IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Their thermal stability and gas permeability were also investigated, and the results showed that the composite films had good thermal stability and high gas barrier capacity and give a CO(2):O(2) permeability ratio close to 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Lan Wu
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|