1
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Pisetsky W, Müller TJJ. Polyacetylenes with (hetero)aryl-, styryl-, and amino-phenothiazinyl sidechains: synthesis and photophysics. RSC Adv 2024; 14:10638-10643. [PMID: 38567317 PMCID: PMC10985593 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel generation of 7-aryl phenothiazinyl substituted polyacetylenes is readily accessible via controlled rhodium-catalyzed polymerization of the corresponding 3-ethynyl 7-aryl phenothiazines. The monomers are synthesized by Suzuki coupling, Heck coupling, or Buchwald-Hartwig amination, and Bestmann-Ohira reaction. This allows for the introduction of electron donating and releasing substituents with different ligation patterns. The obtained polymers display narrow molecular weight distributions, with very few exceptions, and are soluble in many organic solvents. The photophysical properties of novel monosubstituted polyacetylenes and corresponding monomers were compared. While the monomers exhibit strong emission in solution with quantum yields of up to 0.84 only selected polymers are luminescent (Φf = 0.06) and display moderate Stokes shifts and positive emission solvatochromism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wladislaw Pisetsky
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry Universitätsstrasse 1 D-40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry Universitätsstrasse 1 D-40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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2
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Pisetsky W, Budny P, Müller TJJ. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Luminescent Phenothiazinyl Merocyanine Substituted Polyacetylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316246. [PMID: 38009666 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A new generation of soluble phenothiazinyl merocyanine substituted polyacetylenes can be readily synthesized by rhodium-catalyzed polymerization of the corresponding 3-ethynyl phenothiazines, accessible by Sonogashira coupling and Knoevenagel condensation. UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy of 7-acceptor-substituted phenothiazinyl polyacetylenes reveal that these polyacetylenes with conjugatively ligated merocyanines are luminescent in solution with positive emission solvatochromism and, in some cases, with distinct solid-state luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wladislaw Pisetsky
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Piotr Budny
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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3
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Nau J, Brüning V, Knedel T, Janiak C, Müller TJJ. Synthesis and Electronic Properties of Conjugated
syn
,
syn
‐Dithienothiazine Donor‐Acceptor‐Donor Dumbbells. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Nau
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Vincent Brüning
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Tim‐Oliver Knedel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Thomas J. J. Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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4
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Schneeweis APW, Hauer ST, Lopez DA, von Dressler B, Reiss GJ, Müller TJJ. Game of Isomers: Bifurcation in the Catalytic Formation of Bis[1]benzothieno[1,4]thiazines with Conformation-Dependent Electronic Properties. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5582-5595. [PMID: 30964992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two regioisomers of bis[1]benzothieno[1,4]thiazine are unexpectedly obtained by tuning the catalytic conditions of the intermolecular-intramolecular Buchwald-Hartwig amination. Mechanistic insights and evidence of intermediates support a conclusive mechanistic rationale. Furthermore, a computationally based study on the influence of conformational aspects on the HOMO energy level of anellated 1,4-thiazine paves the way to enhance the electronic properties, thus successfully achieving higher luminescent and easier oxidizable syn- syn bis[1]benzothieno[1,4]thiazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno P W Schneeweis
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie , Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , Universitätsstrasse 1 , Düsseldorf D-40225 , Germany
| | - Simone T Hauer
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie , Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , Universitätsstrasse 1 , Düsseldorf D-40225 , Germany
| | - Daniel A Lopez
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie , Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , Universitätsstrasse 1 , Düsseldorf D-40225 , Germany
| | - Björn von Dressler
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie , Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , Universitätsstrasse 1 , Düsseldorf D-40225 , Germany
| | - Guido J Reiss
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie , Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , Universitätsstrasse 1 , Düsseldorf D-40225 , Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie , Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , Universitätsstrasse 1 , Düsseldorf D-40225 , Germany
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5
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Gampe DM, Hänsch VG, Schramm S, Menzel R, Weiß D, Beckert R. Mixing Chromophores: Donor-Acceptor Dyes with Low-Lying LUMOs and Narrow Band Gaps by Connecting 4-Alkoxythiazoles and Azaacenes. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Mario Gampe
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Veit Georg Hänsch
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Stefan Schramm
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- NYU Abu Dhabi; Saadiyat Campus; Experimental Research Building (C1); P. O. Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Roberto Menzel
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech; August-Spindler-Strasse 11 37079 Göttingen Germany
| | - Dieter Weiß
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Rainer Beckert
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
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Schneeweis A, Neidlinger A, Reiss GJ, Frank W, Heinze K, Müller TJJ. Radical cation and dication of a 4H-dithieno[2,3-b:3′,2′-e][1,4]-thiazine. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00188f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
4H-Dithieno[2,3-b:3’,2’-e][1,4]-thiazine (DTT), and its radical cation and dication were synthesized, characterized (EPR spectroscopy and spectroelectrochemistry) and interpreted (DFT and TD DFT calculations).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Schneeweis
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Andreas Neidlinger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Guido J. Reiss
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Walter Frank
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Thomas J. J. Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
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Urselmann D, Deilhof K, Mayer B, Müller TJJ. Thiophene-forming one-pot synthesis of three thienyl-bridged oligophenothiazines and their electronic properties. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2055-2064. [PMID: 27829911 PMCID: PMC5082470 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pseudo five-component Sonogashira-Glaser cyclization synthesis of symmetrically 2,5-diaryl-substituted thiophenes is excellently suited to access thienyl-bridged oligophenothiazines in a one-pot fashion. Three thienyl-bridged systems were intensively studied by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as by cyclic voltammetry. The oxidation proceeds with lower oxidation potentials and consistently reversible oxidations can be identified. The Stokes shifts are large and substantial fluorescence quantum yields can be measured. Computational chemistry indicates lowest energy conformers with sigmoidal and helical structure, similar to oligophenothiazines. TD-DFT and even semiempirical ZINDO calculations reproduce the trends of longest wavelengths absorption bands and allow the assignment of these transitions to possess largely charge-transfer character from the adjacent phenothiazinyl moieties to the central thienyl unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Urselmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Konstantin Deilhof
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernhard Mayer
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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8
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Golriz AA, Suga T, Nishide H, Berger R, Gutmann JS. Phenothiazine-functionalized redox polymers for a new cathode-active material. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra17107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox-active, phenothiazine-functionalized polymers were synthesized and employed as a promising cathode-active material (∼3.7 V vs. Li, 77 Ah kg−1) in a rechargeable battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Golriz
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)
- University Duisburg-Essen
| | - Takeo Suga
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study
- Waseda University
- Tokyo 169-8555
- Japan
| | | | - Rüdiger Berger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Jochen S. Gutmann
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)
- University Duisburg-Essen
- D-45117 Essen
- Germany
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West e.V
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9
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Pereţeanu IS, Müller TJJ. Synthesis and electronic properties of 3,7-dianilino substituted N-hexyl phenothiazines. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:5127-35. [PMID: 23812160 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40815a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
3,7-Diaminophenothiazine derivatives are readily synthesized via two-fold Buchwald-Hartwig coupling of 10-hexyl 3,7-dibromo-10H-phenothiazine with a series of primary and secondary anilines and amines. All derivatives possess two reversible oxidations at low potentials with remarkable semiquinone formation constants. The electronic structure of this novel class of phenothiazinyl-oligoanilines is additionally studied and rationalized by DFT computations and correlation studies between selected experimental and computational electronic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iani S Pereţeanu
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie, Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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10
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Dostert C, Wanstrath C, Frank W, Müller TJJ. 4H-dithieno[2,3-b:3',2'-e][1,4]thiazines--synthesis and electronic properties of a novel class of electron rich redox systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:7271-3. [PMID: 22699424 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc32731g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemical screening reveals that 4H-dithieno[2,3-b:3',2'-e][1,4]thiazines possess the highest HOMO among four constitutional isomers, even 0.27 eV higher in energy than the well established 10H-phenothiazine. N-Substituted 4H-dithieno[2,3-b:3',2'-e][1,4]thiazines are readily accessible by twofold Pd-catalyzed amination. According to cyclic voltammetry dithienothiazines are reversibly oxidized and can be considered as new donors for functional π-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dostert
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie, Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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11
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Hauck M, Turdean R, Memminger K, Schönhaber J, Rominger F, Müller TJJ. Luminescent, redox-active diphenothiazine dumbbells expanded by conjugated arenes and heteroarenes. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8591-603. [PMID: 21090695 DOI: 10.1021/jo101997t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dumbbell-shaped diphenothiazines bridged by conjugatively linked (hetero)aromatic moieties were synthesized in a modular fashion by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling in good yields. The electronic structure was studied by DFT computations, determining the geometry optimized lowest energy conformers and scrutinizing the Kohn-Sham FMOs. The torsional deviation from coplanarity is predominantly influencing the electronic structure, i.e., by deviation from ideal overlap and maximal electron transmission. The reversible oxidation potentials assigned to the phenothiazinyl electrophores in most cases can thereby be qualitatively rationalized. All dumbbell-shaped diphenothiazines are strongly luminescent, which can be attributed to extended π-electron conjugation with considerable excited state electronic coupling as a consequence of large structural and electronic distributional changes upon photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hauck
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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12
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Zhou H, Lu R, Zhao X, Qiu X, Xue P, Liu X, Zhang X. Synthesis and photophysical properties of monodisperse oligo(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-2,7-vinylene)s functionalized anthracenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.07.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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