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1
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Ntetsikas K, Ladelta V, Bhaumik S, Hadjichristidis N. Quo Vadis Carbanionic Polymerization? ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 3:158-181. [PMID: 37065716 PMCID: PMC10103213 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Living anionic polymerization will soon celebrate 70 years of existence. This living polymerization is considered the mother of all living and controlled/living polymerizations since it paved the way for their discovery. It provides methodologies for synthesizing polymers with absolute control of the essential parameters that affect polymer properties, including molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, composition and microstructure, chain-end/in-chain functionality, and architecture. This precise control of living anionic polymerization generated tremendous fundamental and industrial research activities, developing numerous important commodity and specialty polymers. In this Perspective, we present the high importance of living anionic polymerization of vinyl monomers by providing some examples of its significant achievements, presenting its current status, giving several insights into where it is going (Quo Vadis) and what the future holds for this powerful synthetic method. Furthermore, we attempt to explore its advantages and disadvantages compared to controlled/living radical polymerizations, the main competitors of living carbanionic polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Viko Ladelta
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saibal Bhaumik
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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2
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Barent R, Wagner M, Frey H. Geometric Requirements for Living Anionic Polymerization: Polymerization of rotationally constrained 1,3-Dienes. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00999d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The living anionic copolymerization of 1,3-dienes such as isoprene (I) or butadiene (B) can afford a variety of different polymer microstructures which determine the material’s properties. One decisive factor for...
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3
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Steube M, Johann T, Barent RD, Müller AH, Frey H. Rational design of tapered multiblock copolymers for thermoplastic elastomers. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Goseki R, Miyai S, Uchida S, Ishizone T. Polymerizability of exomethylene monomers based on adamantyl frameworks. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00500f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the polymerizability of novel exomethylene monomers based on an adamantyl skeleton, 2-methyleneadamantane (MAd) and 2-allylideneadamantane (AAd), under anionic, cationic, and radical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raita Goseki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Shogo Miyai
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Takashi Ishizone
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
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5
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Recent advances in thermoplastic elastomers from living polymerizations: Macromolecular architectures and supramolecular chemistry. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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6
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Bai H, Zhang Z, Ma H, Han L, Mu X, Huang W, Liu P, Wu Y. Investigation of the features in living anionic polymerization with styrene derivatives containing annular substituents. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01825a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Five styrene derivatives with annular substituents (SAs), called CPBE, CHBE, THNE, THBE and META, were successfully synthesized and living anionic polymerization was conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Bai
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Xiaochun Mu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Pibo Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Yibo Wu
- Beijing Inst. Petrochem Technol
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomer Composite Mat
- Beijing 102617
- China
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7
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Paolino M, Grisci G, Reale A, Razzano V, Giuliani G, Donati A, Mendichi R, Piovani D, Boccia AC, Grillo A, Giorgi G, Cappelli A. Structural Manipulation of the Conjugated Phenyl Moiety in 3-Phenylbenzofulvene Monomers: Effects on Spontaneous Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E752. [PMID: 30960677 PMCID: PMC6403996 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous polymerization is an intriguing phenomenon in which pure monomers begin their polymerization without initiators or catalysts. Previously, 3-phenylbenzofulvene monomers were found to polymerize spontaneously after solvent removal. Here, eight new 3-substituted benzofulvene monomers 1a⁻h were synthesized in order to investigate the effects of differently substituted aromatic rings in position 3 of the benzofulvene scaffold on spontaneous polymerization. The newly synthesized monomers maintained the tendency toward spontaneous polymerization. However, monomer 1a, bearing an ortho-methoxy substituted phenyl, polymerized hardly, thus producing low polymerization yields, inhomogeneous structure, and low molecular weight of the obtained polymeric material. This result suggested the importance of the presence of hydrogen atoms in the 2'-position to achieve productive interactions among the monomers in the recognition step preluding the spontaneous polymerization and among the monomeric units in the polybenzofulvene backbones. Moreover, this study paves the way to modify the pendant rings in position 3 of the indene scaffold to synthesize new polybenzofulvene derivatives variously decorated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Grisci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Reale
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Razzano
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Germano Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Donati
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Raniero Mendichi
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (CNR), Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Daniele Piovani
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (CNR), Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Antonella C Boccia
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (CNR), Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Grillo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Andrea Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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8
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Wang W, Schlegel R, White BT, Williams K, Voyloy D, Steren CA, Goodwin A, Coughlin EB, Gido S, Beiner M, Hong K, Kang NG, Mays J. High Temperature Thermoplastic Elastomers Synthesized by Living Anionic Polymerization in Hydrocarbon Solvent at Room Temperature. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ralf Schlegel
- Fraunhofer-Institut
für Mikrostruktur von Werkstoffen und Systemen IMWS, Walter-Hülse-Str. 1, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Benjamin T. White
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Katherine Williams
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Dimitry Voyloy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Carlos A. Steren
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Andrew Goodwin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - E. Bryan Coughlin
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Samuel Gido
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Mario Beiner
- Fraunhofer-Institut
für Mikrostruktur von Werkstoffen und Systemen IMWS, Walter-Hülse-Str. 1, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Naturwissenschaftliche
Fakultät II, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Str.
4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Nam-Goo Kang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jimmy Mays
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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9
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Ohishi H, Kosaka Y, Kitazawa K, Goseki R, Kawauchi S, Ishizone T. Living Anionic Polymerization of α-Methyleneindane: An Exo-Methylene Hydrocarbon Monomer. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Ohishi
- Department
of Organic and
Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-S1-13 Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yuki Kosaka
- Department
of Organic and
Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-S1-13 Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Keita Kitazawa
- Department
of Organic and
Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-S1-13 Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Raita Goseki
- Department
of Organic and
Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-S1-13 Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Susumu Kawauchi
- Department
of Organic and
Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-S1-13 Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishizone
- Department
of Organic and
Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-S1-13 Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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10
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Kosaka Y, Kawauchi S, Goseki R, Ishizone T. High Anionic Polymerizability of Benzofulvene: New Exo-Methylene Hydrocarbon Monomer. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kosaka
- Department
of Organic and
Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-S1-13 Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Susumu Kawauchi
- Department
of Organic and
Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-S1-13 Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Raita Goseki
- Department
of Organic and
Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-S1-13 Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishizone
- Department
of Organic and
Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-S1-13 Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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