1
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Zhu J, Bai Y, Gilbert RG. Effects of the Molecular Structure of Starch in Foods on Human Health. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112263. [PMID: 37297507 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Starch provides approximately half of humans' food energy, and its structural features influence human health. The most important structural feature is the chain length distribution (CLD), which affects properties such as the digestibility of starch-containing foods. The rate of digestion of such foods has a strong correlation with the prevalence and treatment of diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and obesity. Starch CLDs can be divided into multiple regions of degrees of polymerization, wherein the CLD in a given region is predominantly, but not exclusively, formed by a particular set of starch biosynthesis enzymes: starch synthases, starch branching enzymes and debranching enzymes. Biosynthesis-based models have been developed relating the ratios of the various enzyme activities in each set to the CLD component produced by that set. Fitting the observed CLDs to these models yields a small number of biosynthesis-related parameters, which, taken together, describe the entire CLD. This review highlights how CLDs can be measured and how the model-based parameters obtained from fitting these distributions are related to the properties of starch-based foods significant for health, and it considers how this knowledge could be used to develop plant varieties to provide foods with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Zhu
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yeming Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert G Gilbert
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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2
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Frasca F, Duhamel J. Characterization of Polyisobutylene Succinic Anhydride (PIBSA) and Its PIBSI Products from the Reaction of PIBSA with Hexamethylene Diamine. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102350. [PMID: 37242925 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The nature of the end-groups of a PIBSA sample, namely a polyisobutylene (PIB) sample, where each chain is supposedly terminated at one end with a single succinic anhydride group, was characterized through a combination of pyrene excimer fluorescence (PEF), gel permeation chromatography, and simulations. The PIBSA sample was reacted with different molar ratios of hexamethylene diamine to generate PIBSI molecules with succinimide (SI) groups in the corresponding reaction mixtures. The molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the different reaction mixtures was determined by fitting the gel permeation chromatography traces with sums of Gaussians. Comparison of the experimental MWD of the reaction mixtures with those simulated by assuming that the reaction between succinic anhydride and amine occurs through stochastic encounters led to the conclusion that 36 wt% of the PIBSA sample constituted unmaleated PIB chains. Based on this analysis, the PIBSA sample was found to be constituted of 0.50, 0.38, and 0.12 molar fractions of PIB chains that were singly maleated, unmaleated, and doubly maleated, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Frasca
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jean Duhamel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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3
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Akhtar N, Ashford MB, Beer L, Bowes A, Bristow T, Broo A, Buttar D, Coombes S, Cross R, Eriksson E, Guilbaud JB, Holman SW, Hughes LP, Jackman M, Lawrence MJ, Lee J, Li W, Linke R, Mahmoudi N, McCormick M, MacMillan B, Newling B, Ngeny M, Patterson C, Poulton A, Ray A, Sanderson N, Sonzini S, Tang Y, Treacher KE, Whittaker D, Wren S. The Global Characterisation of a Drug-Dendrimer Conjugate - PEGylated poly-lysine Dendrimer. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:844-858. [PMID: 36372229 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The recent emergence of drug-dendrimer conjugates within pharmaceutical industry research and development introduces a range of challenges for analytical and measurement science. These molecules are very high molecular weight (100-200kDa) with a significant degree of structural complexity. The characteristics and quality attributes that require understanding and definition, and impact efficacy and safety, are diverse. They relate to the intact conjugate, the various building blocks of these complex systems and the level of the free and bound active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). From an analytical and measurement science perspective, this necessitates the measurement of the molecular weight, impurity characterisation, the quantitation of the number of conjugated versus free API molecules, the determination of the impurity profiles of the building blocks, primary structure and both particle size and morphology. Here we report the first example of a global characterisation of a drug-dendrimer conjugate - PEGylated poly-lysine dendrimer currently under development (AZD0466). The impact of the wide variety of analytical and measurement techniques on the overall understanding of this complex molecular entity is discussed, with the relative capabilities of the various approaches compared. The results of this study are an essential platform for the research and development of the future generations of related dendrimer-based medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Akhtar
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | | | - Louisa Beer
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Alex Bowes
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Tony Bristow
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK.
| | - Anders Broo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Buttar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Steve Coombes
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Rebecca Cross
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Emma Eriksson
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Stephen W Holman
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Leslie P Hughes
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Mark Jackman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Jayne Lawrence
- Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, 99 Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PG, UK
| | - Jessica Lee
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Weimin Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca Linke
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Najet Mahmoudi
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Marc McCormick
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Bryce MacMillan
- UNB MRI Centre, Department of Physics, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Ben Newling
- UNB MRI Centre, Department of Physics, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Maryann Ngeny
- Oncology Regulatory Science & Strategy, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Claire Patterson
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Andy Poulton
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Andrew Ray
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Natalie Sanderson
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Silvia Sonzini
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yayan Tang
- Regulatory Affairs, R&D, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China
| | - Kevin E Treacher
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Dave Whittaker
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Stephen Wren
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
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4
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Wang TT, Luo ZH, Zhou YN. On the Precise Determination of Molar Mass and Dispersity in Controlled Chain-Growth Polymerization: A Distribution Function-Based Strategy. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, PR China
| | - Yin-Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, PR China
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5
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Herberg A, Kuckling D. Branching analysis of β-cyclodextrin-based poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) star polymers using triple detection SEC. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2022.2110133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artjom Herberg
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Dirk Kuckling
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
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6
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Wu Y, Figueira FL, Edeleva M, Van Steenberge PHM, D'hooge DR, Zhou Y, Luo Z. Cost‐efficient modeling of distributed molar mass and topological variations in graft copolymer synthesis by upgrading the method of moments. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Yang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | | | - Mariya Edeleva
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- Centre for Textiles Science and Engineering (CTSE) Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Yin‐Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng‐Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
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7
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Chapagai MK, Fletcher B, Witt T, Dhital S, Flanagan BM, Gidley MJ. Multiple length scale structure-property relationships of wheat starch oxidized by sodium hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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8
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Cassin SR, Flynn S, Chambon P, Rannard SP. Quantification of branching within high molecular weight polymers with polyester backbones formed by transfer-dominated branching radical telomerisation (TBRT). RSC Adv 2021; 11:24374-24380. [PMID: 35479039 PMCID: PMC9036642 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03886a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New branched polymerisations offer previously inaccessible macromolecules and architectural understanding is important as it provides insight into the branching mechanism and enables the determination of structure–property relationships. Here we present a detailed inverse gated 13C NMR characterisation of materials derived from the very recently reported Transfer-dominated Branching Radical Telomerisation (TBRT) approach to quantify branching and provide an insight into cyclisation. The characterisation and quantification of branching is key to understanding new complex macromolecules. Here we establish approaches to evaluate the unique and novel architectures formed by Transfer-dominated Branching Radical Telomerisation (TBRT).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah R Cassin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK .,Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
| | - Sean Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK .,Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK .,Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
| | - Steve P Rannard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK .,Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
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9
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Marien YW, Edeleva M, Figueira FL, Arraez FJ, Van Steenberge PHM, D'hooge DR. Translating Simulated Chain Length and Molar Mass Distributions in Chain‐Growth Polymerization for Experimental Comparison and Mechanistic Insight. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.202100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshi W. Marien
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Mariya Edeleva
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Freddy L. Figueira
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Francisco J. Arraez
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | | | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering Ghent University Technologiepark 70a Gent B‐9052 Belgium
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10
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The size dependence of the average number of branches in amylose. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 223:115134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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11
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Leclercq L, Saetear P, Rolland-Sabaté A, Biron JP, Chamieh J, Cipelletti L, Bornhop DJ, Cottet H. Size-Based Characterization of Polysaccharides by Taylor Dispersion Analysis with Photochemical Oxidation or Backscattering Interferometry Detections. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Leclercq
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Phoonthawee Saetear
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
- Department of Chemistry and the Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Agnès Rolland-Sabaté
- UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, F-44300 Nantes, France
- UMR0408 Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d’Origine Végétale, INRA, Université Avignon, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | | | - Joseph Chamieh
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Luca Cipelletti
- L2C, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier 34095, France
| | | | - Hervé Cottet
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
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12
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Using starch molecular fine structure to understand biosynthesis-structure-property relations. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Wan YJ, Xu MM, Gilbert RG, Yin JY, Huang XJ, Xiong T, Xie MY. Colloid chemistry approach to understand the storage stability of fermented carrot juice. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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14
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Podzimek S. Molar mass distribution by size exclusion chromatography: Comparison of multi-angle light scattering and universal calibration. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Podzimek
- Wyatt Technology Europe, 56307; Dernbach Germany
- SYNPO, 53207; Pardubice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials; University of Pardubice, 53210; Pardubice Czech Republic
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15
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Wan YJ, Shi HF, Xu R, Yin JY, Nie SP, Xiong T, Xie MY. Origin of Hypoglycemic Benefits of Probiotic-Fermented Carrot Pulp. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:895-904. [PMID: 30608159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It has been found that probiotic-fermented carrot pulp has a beneficial effect in reducing blood glucose, more so than unfermented pulp. This paper explores the reason for this by looking at fermentation-induced changes in nutritional components and hypoglycemic effects of its polysaccharides. Micronutrient content showed minor changes, except for titratable acidity. Fat and protein decreased, while total carbohydrates increased. These polysaccharides are pectinic, and the number of total polysaccharides rose after fermentation. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the morphology changed from filamentous solid to spiral. The molecular weight of water-soluble polysaccharide (WSP) diminished after fermentation, while those of acid- and alkali-soluble polysaccharides increased. WSP had stronger hydroxyl radical scavenging activity in vitro, and WSP from probiotic-fermented carrot pulps showed better hypoglycemic effects than WSP from non-fermented carrot pulps in animal experiments. Thus, the fermentation-induced improvement in diabetes control from fermented carrot pulp probably arises from its WSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Fang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
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16
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Zhang P, Nada SS, Tan X, Deng B, Sullivan MA, Gilbert RG. Exploring glycogen biosynthesis through Monte Carlo simulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:264-271. [PMID: 29751035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen, a complex branched polymer of glucose (average chain length ~10 monomer units), is the blood-sugar reservoir in humans and other animals. Certain aspects of its molecular structure relevant to its biological functions are currently unamenable to experimental exploration. Knowledge of these is needed to develop future models for quantitative data-fitting to obtain mechanistic understanding of the biosynthetic processes that give rise to glycogen structure. Monte Carlo simulations of the biosynthesis of this structure with realistic macromolecular parameters reveal how chain growth and stoppage (the latter assumed to be through both the action of glycogen branching enzyme and other degradative enzymes, and by hindrance) control structural features. The simulated chain-length, pair-distance and radial density distributions agree semi-quantitatively with the limited available data. The simulations indicate that a steady state in molecular structure and size is rapidly obtained, that molecular density reaches a maximum near the center of the particle (not at the periphery, as is the case with dendrimers), and that particle size is controlled by both enzyme activity and hindrance. This knowledge will aid in the understanding of diabetes (loss of blood-sugar control), which has been found to involve subtle differences in glycogen molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408003, PR China
| | - Sharif S Nada
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xinle Tan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Mitchell A Sullivan
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Robert G Gilbert
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.
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17
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Tacx JCJF, Iedema PD. Simulating Light Scattering Behavior of Branched Molecules. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201700058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques C. J. F. Tacx
- Sabic; Global PE Technology; Technology Center; Geleen, PO Box 319 6160 AH Geleen The Netherlands
| | - Piet D. Iedema
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Science; University of Amsterdam; PO Box 94157 1090GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
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18
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Lena JB, Goroncy AK, Thevarajah JJ, Maniego AR, Russell GT, Castignolles P, Gaborieau M. Effect of transfer agent, temperature and initial monomer concentration on branching in poly(acrylic acid): A study by 13 C NMR spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Toward ideal separation by size-exclusion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1487:139-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Oliveira D, Dias RC, Costa MR. Modeling RAFT Gelation and Grafting of Polymer Brushes for the Production of Molecularly Imprinted Functional Particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201600078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Oliveira
- LSRE-Instituto Politécnico de Bragança; Quinta de Santa Apolónia 5300 Bragança Portugal
| | - Rolando C.S. Dias
- LSRE-Instituto Politécnico de Bragança; Quinta de Santa Apolónia 5300 Bragança Portugal
| | - Mário R.P.F.N. Costa
- LSRE-Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto; Rua Roberto Frias s/n 4200-465 Porto Portugal
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21
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Pathaweeisariyakul T, Narkchamnan K, Thitisak B, Rungswang W, Yau WW. An alternative method for long chain branching determination by triple-detector gel permeation chromatography. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Gonzalez P, Leclercq L, Cottet H. What is the Contribution of Counter-Ions to the Absolute Molar Mass of Polyelectrolytes Determined by SEC-MALLS? MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Gonzalez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université de Montpellier Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier); Place Eugène Bataillon; CC 1706 34095 Montpellier France
| | - Laurent Leclercq
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université de Montpellier Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier); Place Eugène Bataillon; CC 1706 34095 Montpellier France
| | - Hervé Cottet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université de Montpellier Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier); Place Eugène Bataillon; CC 1706 34095 Montpellier France
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23
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Thevarajah JJ, Van Leeuwen MP, Cottet H, Castignolles P, Gaborieau M. Determination of the distributions of degrees of acetylation of chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 95:40-48. [PMID: 27771414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is often characterized by its average degree of acetylation. To increase chitosan's use in various industries, a more thorough characterization is necessary as the acetylation of chitosan affects properties such as dissolution and mechanical properties of chitosan films. Despite the poor solubility of chitosan, free solution capillary electrophoresis (CE) allows a robust separation of chitosan by the degree of acetylation. The distribution of degrees of acetylation of various chitosan samples was characterized through their distributions of electrophoretic mobilities. These distributions can be obtained easily and with high precision. The heterogeneity of the chitosan chains in terms of acetylation was characterized through the dispersity of the electrophoretic mobility distributions obtained. The relationship between the number-average degree of acetylation obtained by solid-state NMR spectroscopy and the weight-average electrophoretic mobilities was established. The distribution of degrees of acetylation was determined using capillary electrophoresis in the critical conditions (CE-CC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Jerushan Thevarajah
- Western Sydney University, Molecular Medicine Research Group (MMRG), Parramatta Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith 2751, Australia; Western Sydney University, Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science and Health, Parramatta Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith 2751, Australia.
| | - Matthew Paul Van Leeuwen
- Western Sydney University, Molecular Medicine Research Group (MMRG), Parramatta Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith 2751, Australia; Western Sydney University, School of Medicine, Parramatta Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith 2751, Australia.
| | - Herve Cottet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron IBMM, UMR 5247, CNRS, Universiét de Montpellier, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 1706, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Patrice Castignolles
- Western Sydney University, Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science and Health, Parramatta Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith 2751, Australia.
| | - Marianne Gaborieau
- Western Sydney University, Molecular Medicine Research Group (MMRG), Parramatta Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith 2751, Australia; Western Sydney University, Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science and Health, Parramatta Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith 2751, Australia.
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24
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Pawcenis D, Syrek M, Aksamit-Koperska MA, Łojewski T, Łojewska J. Mark–Houwink–Sakurada coefficients determination for molar mass of silk fibroin from viscometric results. SEC-MALLS approach. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00871b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The results on the changes of average molar masses inBombyx morifibroin with use of size exclusion chromatography and viscometry are presented in terms of the determination of Mark–Houwink–Sakurada coefficients, which are lacking in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Pawcenis
- Jagiellonian University
- Chemistry Department
- 30-060 Krakow
- Poland
| | - M. Syrek
- Jagiellonian University
- Chemistry Department
- 30-060 Krakow
- Poland
| | | | - T. Łojewski
- Jagiellonian University
- Chemistry Department
- 30-060 Krakow
- Poland
- AGH University of Science and Technology
| | - J. Łojewska
- Jagiellonian University
- Chemistry Department
- 30-060 Krakow
- Poland
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25
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Lopez-Torrez L, Nigen M, Williams P, Doco T, Sanchez C. Acacia senegal vs. Acacia seyal gums – Part 1: Composition and structure of hyperbranched plant exudates. Food Hydrocoll 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Powell PO, Sullivan MA, Sheehy JJ, Schulz BL, Warren FJ, Gilbert RG. Acid hydrolysis and molecular density of phytoglycogen and liver glycogen helps understand the bonding in glycogen α (composite) particles. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121337. [PMID: 25799321 PMCID: PMC4370380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoglycogen (from certain mutant plants) and animal glycogen are highly branched glucose polymers with similarities in structural features and molecular size range. Both appear to form composite α particles from smaller β particles. The molecular size distribution of liver glycogen is bimodal, with distinct α and β components, while that of phytoglycogen is monomodal. This study aims to enhance our understanding of the nature of the link between liver-glycogen β particles resulting in the formation of large α particles. It examines the time evolution of the size distribution of these molecules during acid hydrolysis, and the size dependence of the molecular density of both glucans. The monomodal distribution of phytoglycogen decreases uniformly in time with hydrolysis, while with glycogen, the large particles degrade significantly more quickly. The size dependence of the molecular density shows qualitatively different shapes for these two types of molecules. The data, combined with a quantitative model for the evolution of the distribution during degradation, suggest that the bonding between β into α particles is different between phytoglycogen and liver glycogen, with the formation of a glycosidic linkage for phytoglycogen and a covalent or strong non-covalent linkage, most probably involving a protein, for glycogen as most likely. This finding is of importance for diabetes, where α-particle structure is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prudence O. Powell
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mitchell A. Sullivan
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joshua J. Sheehy
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Benjamin L. Schulz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Frederick J. Warren
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert G. Gilbert
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- * E-mail:
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27
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28
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Gu F, Li BZ, Xia H, Adhikari B, Gao Q. Preparation of starch nanospheres through hydrophobic modification followed by initial water dialysis. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 115:605-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Exploring extraction/dissolution procedures for analysis of starch chain-length distributions. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 114:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Lacík I, Stach M, Kasák P, Semak V, Uhelská L, Chovancová A, Reinhold G, Kilz P, Delaittre G, Charleux B, Chaduc I, D'Agosto F, Lansalot M, Gaborieau M, Castignolles P, Gilbert RG, Szablan Z, Barner-Kowollik C, Hesse P, Buback M. SEC Analysis of Poly(Acrylic Acid) and Poly(Methacrylic Acid). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Lacík
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravska cesta 9 845 41 Bratislava 45 Slovakia
| | - Marek Stach
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravska cesta 9 845 41 Bratislava 45 Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasák
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravska cesta 9 845 41 Bratislava 45 Slovakia
| | - Vladislav Semak
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravska cesta 9 845 41 Bratislava 45 Slovakia
| | - Lucia Uhelská
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravska cesta 9 845 41 Bratislava 45 Slovakia
| | - Anna Chovancová
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravska cesta 9 845 41 Bratislava 45 Slovakia
| | - Günter Reinhold
- PSS Polymer Standards Service GmbH; In der Dalheimer Wiese 5 D-55120 Mainz Germany
| | - Peter Kilz
- PSS Polymer Standards Service GmbH; In der Dalheimer Wiese 5 D-55120 Mainz Germany
| | - Guillaume Delaittre
- UPMC Univ. Paris 6, Sorbonne Universités and CNRS; Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, UMR 7610; 3 rue Galilée 94200 Ivry France
| | - Bernadette Charleux
- UPMC Univ. Paris 6, Sorbonne Universités and CNRS; Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, UMR 7610; 3 rue Galilée 94200 Ivry France
| | - Isabelle Chaduc
- Université de Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, C2P2 (Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes), Team LCPP; Bat 308F, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, BP 2077 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Franck D'Agosto
- Université de Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, C2P2 (Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes), Team LCPP; Bat 308F, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, BP 2077 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Université de Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, C2P2 (Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes), Team LCPP; Bat 308F, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, BP 2077 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Marianne Gaborieau
- University of Sydney; School of Chemistry; Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids; Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- University of Western Sydney; School of Science and Health; Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science; Molecular Medicine Research Group; Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Patrice Castignolles
- University of Sydney; School of Chemistry; Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids; Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- University of Western Sydney; School of Science and Health; Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science; Molecular Medicine Research Group; Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Robert G. Gilbert
- The University of Queensland; Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
- Tongji School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Zachary Szablan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design; School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry; The University of New South Wales (UNSW); Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design; School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry; The University of New South Wales (UNSW); Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Pascal Hesse
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; University of Goettingen; Tammannstraße 6 37077 Goettingen Germany
| | - Michael Buback
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; University of Goettingen; Tammannstraße 6 37077 Goettingen Germany
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31
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Separation and Characterization of Synthetic Polyelectrolytes and Polysaccharides with Capillary Electrophoresis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/798503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of macromolecular engineering and the need for renewable and sustainable polymer sources make polymeric materials progressively more sophisticated but also increasingly complex to characterize. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC or GPC) has a monopoly in the separation and characterization of polymers, but it faces a number of proven, though regularly ignored, limitations for the characterization of a number of complex samples such as polyelectrolytes and polysaccharides. Free solution capillary electrophoresis (CE), or capillary zone electrophoresis, allows usually more robust separations than SEC due to the absence of a stationary phase. It is, for example, not necessary to filter the samples for analysis with CE. CE is mostly limited to polymers that are charged or can be charged, but in the case of polyelectrolytes it has similarities with liquid chromatography in the critical conditions: it does not separate a charged homopolymer by molar mass. It can thus characterize the topology of a branched polymer, such as poly(acrylic acid), or the purity or composition of copolymers, either natural ones such as pectin, chitosan, and gellan gum or synthetic ones.
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32
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Vilaplana F, Meng D, Hasjim J, Gilbert RG. Two-dimensional macromolecular distributions reveal detailed architectural features in high-amylose starches. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 113:539-51. [PMID: 25256517 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) structural distributions based on macromolecular size and branch chain-length are obtained for three maize starches with different amylose contents (one normal and two high-amylose varieties). Data were obtained using an analytical methodology combining chemical fractionation, enzymatic debranching, and offline 2D size-exclusion chromatography with multiple detection. The 2D distributions reveal novel features in the branching structure of high-amylose maize starches. Normal maize starch shows well-resolved structural topologies, corresponding to the amylopectin and amylose macromolecular populations. However, high-amylose maize starches exhibit very complex topologies with significant features between those of amylose and amylopectin, showing the presence of distinct intermediate components. These have the macromolecular size of amylose but similar branching structure to amylopectin, except for a higher proportion of longer branches. These structural features of the intermediate components can be related to a less tightly controlled biosynthesis of the branching structures in high-amylose maize starch mutants, which may prevent these molecules from maturing into full-size amylopectin. This altered macromolecular branched architecture of high-amylose starches probably contribute to their better nutritional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Vilaplana
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Glycoscience and Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), AlbaNova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Di Meng
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Jovin Hasjim
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert G Gilbert
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia.
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33
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Netopilík M, Janata M. Decomposition of size-exclusion chromatography elution curves of complex branched polymers. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1330:14-9. [PMID: 24468240 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the decomposition of non-baseline-resolved multimodal elution curves of SEC with the concentration, light scattering and viscosity detection is presented. The method makes possible the characterization of the polymer-sample components, represented by the peaks forming multimodal elution curves, individually and reduces also the error in the calculation of molecular-weight averages. The procedure is demonstrated on narrow molecular-weight distribution polystyrene standards and their mixture as well as on a grafted polymer sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Netopilík
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovský Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Janata
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovský Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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34
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Malik MI, Pasch H. Novel developments in the multidimensional characterization of segmented copolymers. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Clementi LA, Vega JR, Meira GR. Randomly-Branched Polymers by Size Exclusion Chromatography with Triple Detection: Computer Simulation Study for Estimating Errors in the Distribution of Molar Mass and Branching Degree. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201300124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Clementi
- INTEC (Univ. Nac. del Litoral - CONICET); Güemes 3450 (3000) Santa Fe Argentina
- FRSF (Univ. Tec. Nacional); Lavaise 610 (3000) Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Jorge R. Vega
- INTEC (Univ. Nac. del Litoral - CONICET); Güemes 3450 (3000) Santa Fe Argentina
- FRSF (Univ. Tec. Nacional); Lavaise 610 (3000) Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Gregorio R. Meira
- INTEC (Univ. Nac. del Litoral - CONICET); Güemes 3450 (3000) Santa Fe Argentina
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36
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Characterization of hyperbranched glycopolymers produced in vitro using enzymes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:1607-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Wu AC, Witt T, Gilbert RG. Characterization Methods for Starch-Based Materials: State of the Art and Perspectives. Aust J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/ch13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Improving starch-containing materials, whether food, animal feed, high-tech biomaterials, or engineering plastics, is best done by understanding how biosynthetic processes and any subsequent processing control starch structure, and how this structure controls functional properties. Starch structural characterization is central to this. This review examines how information on the three basic levels of the complex multi-scale structure of starch – individual chains, the branching structure of isolated molecules, and the way these molecules form various crystalline and amorphous arrangements – can be obtained from experiment. The techniques include fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis, multiple-detector size-exclusion chromatography, and various scattering techniques (light, X-ray, and neutron). Some examples are also given to show how these data provide mechanistic insight into how biosynthetic processes control the structure and how the various structural levels control functional properties.
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38
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Dürr CJ, Hlalele L, Schneider-Baumann M, Kaiser A, Brandau S, Barner-Kowollik C. Determining the Mark–Houwink parameters of nitrile rubber: a chromatographic investigation of the NBR microstructure. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00580a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Agirre A, Santos JI, Leiza JR. Toward Understanding the Architecture (Branching and MWD) of Crosslinked Acrylic Latexes. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Milic J, Teraoka I, Petrovic ZS. Solution properties of biobased hyperbranched polyols investigated by multiple-detection size exclusion chromatography. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Ahn S, Lee H, Lee S, Chang T. Characterization of Branched Polymers by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography with Triple Detection. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2021985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seonyoung Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials
Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Hyojoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials
Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Sekyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials
Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Taihyun Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials
Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
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42
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Yossen MM, Vega JR, Chang T, Meira GR. DETERMINATION OF THE BAND BROADENING FUNCTION IN SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTION. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.597061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana M. Yossen
- a INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral and CONICET) , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - Jorge R. Vega
- a INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral and CONICET) , Santa Fe , Argentina
- b Facultad Regional Santa Fe (Universidad Tecnológica Nacional) , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - Taihyun Chang
- c Department of Chemistry and Polymer Research Institute , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang , South Korea
| | - Gregorio R. Meira
- a INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral and CONICET) , Santa Fe , Argentina
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43
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Delaittre G, Save M, Gaborieau M, Castignolles P, Rieger J, Charleux B. Synthesis by nitroxide-mediated aqueous dispersion polymerization, characterization, and physical core-crosslinking of pH- and thermoresponsive dynamic diblock copolymer micelles. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20084h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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44
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Koh ML, Konkolewicz D, Perrier S. A Simple Route to Functional Highly Branched Structures: RAFT Homopolymerization of Divinylbenzene. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102537h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liang Koh
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, Building F11, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, Building F11, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, Building F11, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Castignolles P, Gaborieau M. Viscosimetric detection in size-exclusion chromatography (SEC/GPC): The Goldwasser method and beyond. J Sep Sci 2011; 33:3564-70. [PMID: 20972971 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC or GPC) is the most widely used separation method to characterize polymers. The high level of complexity of most polymeric materials necessitates the use of not only concentration-sensitive detection but also structure-sensitive detection. Viscometry is usually used in conjunction with a concentration-sensitive detector and universal calibration to determine molecular weights of polymers. Goldwasser proposed to use a viscometer as a single detector to determine number-average molecular weights, M(n) (ACS Symposium Series, 521, 143). The method is particularly of interest when concentration-sensitive detection is not available, because the sample is isorefractive or not UV-absorbing, or because composition is not constant (copolymers). It has known very little applications so far. It actually does not only allow determining M(n), but also the number hydrodynamic volume distribution. This opens a wider range of applications for the Goldwasser method. Size-exclusion chromatography only yields inaccurate molecular weight distributions for some complex branched polymers. Hydrodynamic volume distributions have then a strong potential for comparative studies owing to their far higher accuracy. Our experimental tests highlight the fact that the method is highly sensitive to noise and careful optimization of the injection concentration is needed, but number distribution can be obtained as well as M(n).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Castignolles
- School of Natural Sciences, Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), University of Western Sydney, Australia.
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Junkers T, Schneider-Baumann M, Koo SSP, Castignolles P, Barner-Kowollik C. Determination of Propagation Rate Coefficients for Methyl and 2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate via High Frequency PLP−SEC under Consideration of the Impact of Chain Branching. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102130h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Junkers
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry,
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Technische
Chemie und Polymerchemie, Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Universiteit Hasselt, Institute
for Materials Research, Agoralaan, Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Maria Schneider-Baumann
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry,
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Technische
Chemie und Polymerchemie, Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sandy S. P. Koo
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry,
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Technische
Chemie und Polymerchemie, Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Patrice Castignolles
- School of Natural Science, Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science, University of Western Sydney,
Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 1797, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry,
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Technische
Chemie und Polymerchemie, Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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47
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Gonçalves MAD, Pinto VD, Dias RCS, Costa MRPFN. FTIR-ATR Monitoring and SEC/RI/MALLS Characterization of ATRP Synthesized Hyperbranched Polyacrylates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201051031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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48
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Gilbert RG. Size-separation characterization of starch and glycogen for biosynthesis-structure-property relationships. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:1425-38. [PMID: 21107973 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2010] [Revised: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Starch and glycogen are highly branched polymers of glucose of great importance to humans in managing and mitigating nutrition-related diseases, especially diabetes and obesity, and in industrial uses, for example in food and paper-making. Size-separation characterization using multiple-detection size-exclusion chromatography (SEC, also known as gel-permeation chromatography, GPC) is able to furnish substantial amounts of information on the relationships between the biosynthesis, processing, structure, and properties of these biopolymers, and achieves superior characterization for use in industrial product and process improvements. Multi-detector SEC is able to give much more information about structure than simple averages such as total molecular weight or size; the detailed information yielded by this technique has already given new information on important biosynthesis-structure-property reactions, and has considerable potential in this field in the future. However, it must be used with care to avoid artifacts arising from incomplete dissolution of the substrate and shear scission during separation. It is also essential in interpreting data to appreciate that this size-separation technique can only ever give size distributions, never true molecular weight distributions. Other size-separation techniques, particularly field-flow fractionation, require substantial technical development to be used on undegraded native starches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Gilbert
- Centre for Nutrition & Food Sciences (LCAFS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
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49
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Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) of branched polymers and polysaccharides. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:1413-23. [PMID: 20967430 PMCID: PMC3026666 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Branched polymers are among the most important polymers, ranging from polyolefins to polysaccharides. Branching plays a key role in the chain dynamics. It is thus very important for application properties such as mechanical and adhesive properties and digestibility. It also plays a key role in viscous properties, and thus in the mechanism of the separation of these polymers in size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Critically reviewing the literature, particularly on SEC of polyolefins, polyacrylates and starch, we discuss common pitfalls but also highlight some unexplored possibilities to characterize branched polymers. The presence of a few long-chain branches has been shown to lead to a poor separation in SEC, as evidenced by multiple-detection SEC or multidimensional liquid chromatography. The local dispersity can be large in that case, and the accuracy of molecular weight determination achieved by current methods is poor, although hydrodynamic volume distributions offer alternatives. In contrast, highly branched polymers do not suffer from this extensive incomplete separation in terms of molecular weight. Representation of (a) a linear polymer chain and various branched polymer structures with (b) longchain branches (amylose-like), (c) short-chain branches (amylopectin-like), (d) both short-chain and long-chain branches (polyacrylate- or polyethylene-like). ![]()
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50
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Vilaplana F, Gilbert RG. Characterization of branched polysaccharides using multiple-detection size separation techniques. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3537-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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