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Hoque E, Fritscher J. Are anaerobic fungi crucial hidden players of microbiomes in anoxic environment? Crit Rev Microbiol 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37452612 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2224425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic fungi are known to migrate and establish a 3D network of biofilms (microbiomes) and live invisible in the rumen and terrestrial subsurface, deep-sea - marine, and anoxic environment. They deserve our attention to understand anoxic fungal ecology and functions and develop new products and solutions. Such fungi activate unique genes to produce various polysaccharidases deemed essential for degrading plants' lignocellulosic materials. Nutrient release, recycling, and physical support by anaerobic fungi are crucial for microbiome formation. Multiple reports point to the ability of strictly anaerobic and facultative fungi to adapt and live in anoxic subsurface. Deep-sea sediments and natural anoxic methane-emitting salty waters of sulfidic springs offer suitable habitats for developing prokaryotic-fungal microbiomes. Researchers found a billion-year-old fossil of the fungus-prokaryotic sulfate-reducing consortium buried in deep-sea biospheres. Fungal spores' ability to migrate, even after germination, through sandy layers demonstrates their potential to move up and down porous geological layers or rock fissures. Selective fungal affinity to specific wood in wood chip arrays might help differentiate viable anaerobic fungi from an anoxic environment for their rapid collection and investigation. New collection methods, cultivation, gene expression, and drug and enzyme activity analyses can boost anaerobic fungal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enamul Hoque
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Foy's Lake, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- International Virtual Institute for Advanced Science and Technology (IVAST), Section Microbial Technology, Munich, Germany
- Department of Environmental Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Fritscher
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Foy's Lake, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- International Virtual Institute for Advanced Science and Technology (IVAST), Section Microbial Technology, Munich, Germany
- Department of Environmental Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Phakatkar AH, Gonçalves JM, Zhou J, Ritter TG, Tamadoni Saray M, Sorokina LV, Amiri A, Angnes L, Shokuhfar T, Shahbazian-Yassar R. Enhanced Bacterial Growth by Polyelemental Glycerolate Particles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1515-1524. [PMID: 36933270 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
While polyelemental alloys are shown to be promising for healthcare applications, their effectiveness in promoting bacterial growth remains unexplored. In the present work, we evaluated the interaction of polyelemental glycerolate particles (PGPs) with Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. PGPs were synthesized using the solvothermal route, and nanoscale random distribution of metal cations in the glycerol matrix of PGPs was confirmed. We observed 7-fold growth of E. coli bacteria upon 4 h of interaction with quinary glycerolate (NiZnMnMgSr-Gly) particles in comparison to control E. coli bacteria. Nanoscale microscopic studies on bacteria interactions with PGPs showed the release of metal cations in the bacterium cytoplasm from PGPs. The electron microscopy imaging and chemical mapping indicated bacterial biofilm formation on PGPs without causing significant cell membrane damage. The data showed that the presence of glycerol in PGPs is effective in controlling the release of metal cations, thus preventing bacterial toxicity. The presence of multiple metal cations is expected to provide synergistic effects of nutrients needed for bacterial growth. The present work provides key microscopic insights of mechanisms by which PGPs enhance biofilm growth. This study opens the door for future applications of PGPs in areas where bacterial growth is essential including healthcare, clean energy, and the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit H Phakatkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Josué M Gonçalves
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.,Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-060, Brazil
| | - Jianshu Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Timothy G Ritter
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Mahmoud Tamadoni Saray
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Lioudmila V Sorokina
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Azadeh Amiri
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Lucio Angnes
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-060, Brazil
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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Chaurasia PK, Nagraj, Sharma N, Kumari S, Yadav M, Singh S, Mani A, Yadava S, Bharati SL. Fungal assisted bio-treatment of environmental pollutants with comprehensive emphasis on noxious heavy metals: Recent updates. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:57-81. [PMID: 36253930 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the present time of speedy developments and industrialization, heavy metals are being uncovered in aquatic environment and soil via refining, electroplating, processing, mining, metallurgical activities, dyeing and other several metallic and metal based industrial and synthetic activities. Heavy metals like lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), Zinc (Zn), Cobalt (Co), Iron (Fe), and many other are considered as seriously noxious and toxic for the aquatic environment, human, and other aquatic lives and have damaging influences. Such heavy metals, which are very tough to be degraded, can be managed by reducing their potential through various processes like removal, precipitation, oxidation-reduction, bio-sorption, recovery, bioaccumulation, bio-mineralization etc. Microbes are known as talented bio-agents for the heavy metals detoxification process and fungi are one of the cherished bio-sources that show noteworthy aptitude of heavy metal sorption and metal tolerance. Thus, the main objective of the authors was to come with a comprehensive review having methodological insights on the novel and recent results in the field of mycoremediation of heavy metals. This review significantly assesses the potential talent of fungi in heavy metal detoxification and thus, in environmental restoration. Many reported works, methodologies and mechanistic sights have been evaluated to explore the fungal-assisted heavy metal remediation. Herein, a compact and effectual discussion on the recent mycoremediation studies of organic pollutants like dyes, petroleum, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, and pharmaceutical wastes have also been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Chaurasia
- P. G. Department of Chemistry, L.S. College, B. R. A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
| | - Nagraj
- P. G. Department of Chemistry, L.S. College, B. R. A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
| | - Nagendra Sharma
- P. G. Department of Chemistry, L.S. College, B. R. A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
| | - Sunita Kumari
- P. G. Department of Chemistry, L.S. College, B. R. A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
| | - Mithu Yadav
- P. G. Department of Chemistry, L.S. College, B. R. A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
| | - Sunita Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Navyug Kanya Mahavidyalaya, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudha Yadava
- Department of Chemistry, D. D. U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shashi Lata Bharati
- Department of Chemistry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh, India
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Hoque E, Fritscher J. Multimetal bioremediation and biomining by a combination of new aquatic strains of Mucor hiemalis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10318. [PMID: 31311950 PMCID: PMC6635518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a unique microbial biotechnology for simultaneous bioremediation and biomining of twelve ionic metals overcoming the obstacles of multimetal toxicity to microbes. After a thorough search of key microorganisms in microbiomes of many sulfidic springs in Bavaria (Germany) over an area of 200 km2, we found three new strains EH8, EH10 and EH11 of Mucor hiemalis physiologically compatible and capable of multimetal-remediation and enrichment. We combined the multimetal-resistance, hyper-accumulation and elicitation power of EH8, EH10 and EH11 to develop a novel biotechnology for simultaneous removal, fractionation and enrichment of metal ions. As a first step we showed the intracellular fixing and deposition of mercury as nanospheres in EH8's sporangiospores. Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy-Dispersive X-Ray analysis revealed binding and precipitation of other applied metal ions as spherical nano-particles (~50-100 nm) at the outer electro-negative cellwall-surface of EH8, EH10 and EH11 sporangiospores. Microbiomes, germinated spores and dead insoluble cellwalls of these strains removed >81-99% of applied Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, U, and Zn simultaneously and furthermore enriched precious Ag, Au and Ti from water all within 48 h, demonstrating the potential of new biotechnologies for safe-guarding our environment from metal pollution and concentrating precious diluted, ionic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enamul Hoque
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Groundwater Ecology, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Fritscher
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Groundwater Ecology, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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Hoque E, Fritscher J. Ecology, adaptation, and function of methane-sulfidic spring water biofilm microorganisms, including a strain of anaerobic fungus Mucor hiemalis. Microbiologyopen 2017; 6:e00483. [PMID: 28544612 PMCID: PMC5552911 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological aspects, adaptation, and some functions of a special biofilm and its unique key anaerobic fungus Mucor hiemalis strain EH11 isolated from a pristine spring (Künzing, Bavaria, Germany) are described. The spring's pure nature is characterized by, for example, bubbling methane, marine-salinity, mild hydrothermal (~19.1°C), sulfidic, and reductive-anoxic (Eh : -241 to -253 mV, O2 : ≤ 0.1 mg/L) conditions. It is geoecologically located at the border zone between Bavarian Forest (crystalline rocky mountains) and the moor-like Danube River valley, where geological displacements bring the spring's water from the deeper layers of former marine sources up to the surface. In the spring's outflow, a special biofilm with selective microorganisms consisting of archaea, bacteria, protozoa (ciliate), and fungus was found. Typical sulfidic-spring bryophyta and macrozoobenthos were missing, but many halo- and anaerotolerant diatoms and ciliate Vorticella microstoma beside EH11 were identified. Phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy revealed the existence of a stabilizing matrix in the biofilm formed by the sessile fungal hyphae and the exopolysaccharide substance (EPS) structures, which harbors other microorganisms. In response to ecological adaptation pressure caused by methane bubbles, EH11 developed an atypical spring-like hyphal morphology, similar to the spiral stalk of ciliate V. microstoma, to rise up with methane bubbles. For the first time, it was also demonstrated that under strict anaerobic conditions EH11 changes its asexual reproduction process by forming pseudosporangia via hyphal cell divisions as well as switching its metabolism to chemoautotrophic bacteria-like anaerobic life using acetate as an e-donor and ferrihydrite as an e-acceptor, all without fermentation. EH11 can be suggested to be useful for the microbial community in the Künzing biofilm not only due to its physical stabilization of the biofilm's matrix but also due to its ecological functions in element recycling as well as a remover of toxic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enamul Hoque
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH – German Research Center for Environmental HealthInstitute of Groundwater EcologyNeuherbergGermany
| | - Johannes Fritscher
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH – German Research Center for Environmental HealthInstitute of Groundwater EcologyNeuherbergGermany
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