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Lee J, Nguyen NT, Tran LM, Kim YH, Min J. Targeted Killing of Staphylococcus aureus Using Specific Peptides Displayed on Yeast Vacuoles. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0092023. [PMID: 37098917 PMCID: PMC10269669 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00920-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen that causes health care-related and community-associated infections. In this study, we provide a novel system that can recognize and kill S. aureus bacteria. The system is specifically based on a combination of the phage display library technique and yeast vacuoles. A phage clone displaying a peptide capable of specific binding to a whole S. aureus cell was selected from a 12-mer phage peptide library. The peptide sequence was SVPLNSWSIFPR. The selected phage's ability to bind specifically with S. aureus was confirmed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the chosen peptide was then synthesized. The results showed that the synthesized peptides displayed high affinity with S. aureus but low binding ability with other strains, including Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria such as Salmonella sp., Shigella spp., Escherichia coli, and Corynebacterium glutamicum. In addition, yeast vacuoles were used as a drug carrier by encapsulating daptomycin, a lipopeptide antibiotic used to treat Gram-positive bacterial infections. The expression of specific peptides at the encapsulated vacuole membrane created an efficient system that can specifically recognize and kill S. aureus bacteria. IMPORTANCE The phage display method was used to select peptides with high affinity and specificity for S. aureus, and these peptides were then induced to be expressed on the surface of yeast vacuoles. These surface-modified vacuoles can act as drug carriers, with drugs such as the lipopeptide antibiotic daptomycin loaded inside. An advantage of using yeast vacuoles as a drug carrier is that they can be easily produced through yeast culture, making the approach cost-effective and suitable for large-scale production and potential implementation in clinical settings. This novel approach offers a promising way to specifically target and eliminate S. aureus that could ultimately lead to improved treatment of bacterial infections and reduced risk of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoong Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-Gu Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
- Center for Ecology and Environmental Toxicology (CEET), Chungbuk National University, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Ngoc-Tu Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-Gu Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
- Center for Ecology and Environmental Toxicology (CEET), Chungbuk National University, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Le-Minh Tran
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-Gu Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Yang-Hoon Kim
- Center for Ecology and Environmental Toxicology (CEET), Chungbuk National University, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, South Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jiho Min
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-Gu Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
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Dobrut A, Młodzińska A, Drożdż K, Wójcik-Grzybek D, Michalak K, Pietras-Ożga D, Karakulska J, Biegun K, Brzychczy-Włoch M. The Two-Track Investigation of Fibronectin Binding Protein A of Staphylococcus aureus from Bovine Mastitis as a Potential Candidate for Immunodiagnosis: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076569. [PMID: 37047541 PMCID: PMC10094982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is the most common disease affecting dairy cattle worldwide and it generates substantial losses for cattle breeders. One of the most common pathogens identified in infected milk samples is Staphylococcus aureus. Currently, there is no fast test for recognizing bacteria species on the market. The aim of this study was to bioinformatically and laboratory detect and characterize the fibronectin binding protein A (FnBPA) of S. aureus (SA) in milk samples obtained from cows diagnosed with mastitis. More than 90,000,000 amino acid sequences were subjected to bioinformatic detection in the search for a potential biomarker for bovine SA. The analysis of FnBPA included the detection of signal peptides and nonclassical proteins, antigenicity, and the prediction of epitopes. To confirm the presence of the fnbA gene in four SA isolates, amplification with specific primers was performed. FnBPA was detected by immunoblotting. The immunoreactivity and selectivity were performed with monoclonal anti-FnBPA antibodies and SA-negative serum. The bioinformatic analysis showed that FnBPA is a surface, conservative, immunoreactive, and species-specific protein with antigenic potential. Its presence was confirmed in all of the SA isolates we studied. Immunoblotting proved its immunoreactivity and specificity. Thus, it can be considered a potential biomarker in mastitis immunodiagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dobrut
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University—Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Kamil Drożdż
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University—Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dagmara Wójcik-Grzybek
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Chair of Physiology, Jagiellonian University—Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Michalak
- Department of Epizootiology and Infectious Diseases Clinic, University of Life Science in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Pietras-Ożga
- Department of Epizootiology and Infectious Diseases Clinic, University of Life Science in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Karakulska
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Biegun
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University—Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Brzychczy-Włoch
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University—Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
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Anti- Staphylococcus aureus Single-Chain Fragment Variables Play a Protective Anti-Inflammatory Role In Vitro and In Vivo. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111300. [PMID: 34835231 PMCID: PMC8618225 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a causative agent of bovine mastitis, capable of causing significant economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide. This study focuses on obtaining single-chain fragment variables (scFvs) against the virulence factors of S. aureus and evaluates the protective effect of scFvs on bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells and mice mammary gland tissues infected by S. aureus. After five rounds of bio-panning, four scFvs targeting four virulence factors of S. aureus were obtained. The complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of these scFvs exhibited significant diversities, especially CDR3 of the VH domain. In vitro, each of scFvs was capable of inhibiting S. aureus growth and reducing the damage of MAC-T cells infected by S. aureus. Preincubation of MAC-T cells with scFvs could significantly attenuate the effect of apoptosis and necrosis compared with the negative control group. In vivo, the qPCR and ELISA results demonstrated that scFvs reduced the transcription and expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18. Histopathology and myeloperoxidase (MPO) results showed that scFvs ameliorated the histopathological damages and reduced the inflammatory cells infiltration. The overall results demonstrated the positive anti-inflammatory effect of scFvs, revealing the potential role of scFvs in the prevention and treatment of S. aureus infections.
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Zhou J, Li Y, Liu Z, Qian W, Chen Y, Qi Y, Wang A. Induction of anti-Zearalenone immune response with mimotopes identified from a phage display peptide library. Toxicon 2021; 199:1-6. [PMID: 34033860 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN), a type of non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin, is mainly produced by several species of Fusarium molds. It is ubiquitous in contaminated grains and grain products all over the world, posing a serious threat to animal and human health. This study aims to screen the mimotopes of ZEN from a phage display random 12-mer peptide library and explore their immunogenicity. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) against ZEN was employed as the target for mimotope selection from a phage display random peptide library. After four rounds of panning, six mimotopes that could specifically bind to ZEN mAb were obtained. In order to explore the immunogenicity of these mimotopes, Balb/c mice were immunized with phages Z8, Z21, Z35, Z8:Z21:Z35(1:1:1) and the conjugate of ZEN-bovine serum albumin (ZEN-BSA), respectively. The titers of antibodies in the mice immunized with mimotopes were 1:3200 (Z8), 1:3200 (Z21), 1:6400 (Z35), 1:6400 (1:1:1 mixture of Z8, Z21 and Z35), and the binding between serum antibodies and ZEN-OVA could be blocked by ZEN standards. These results demonstrated that the mimotopes of ZEN could induce specific antibodies against ZEN, suggesting that these displayed peptides were immunogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Yanghui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Zhanxiang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Wenjing Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Yumei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Yanhua Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Aiping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Mimotope-based antigens as potential vaccine candidates in experimental murine cysticercosis. Parasitology 2020; 147:1330-1337. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHuman cysticercosis is a public health problem caused by Taenia solium metacestodes; thus, eradication of T. solium transmission by vaccination is an urgent requirement. The Cc48 mimotope from T. solium cysticerci was tested expressed in phage particles (mCc48) and chemically synthesized (sCc48) as a vaccine candidate in experimental murine cysticercosis. For this, BALB/c mice were immunized with mCc48 (G1; n = 40), sCc48 (G2; n = 40) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (G3; n = 40, positive control) and challenged with Taenia crassiceps metacestodes. Another PBS group without parasite challenge was used as a negative control (G4; n = 40). Mice were sacrificed 15, 30, 45 and 60 days post-infection for cysticerci and serum collection. Immunization efficacy was determined by cysticerci counting. Serum samples were tested by ELISA to verify antibody (IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE) and cytokine (IFNγ and IL-4) levels. The sCc48 achieved the highest rates of protection and efficacy (90 and 98%, respectively). The group immunized with mCc48 presented the highest reactivity for IgM, IgG and IgE. All groups presented IL-4, but IFNγ was quite variable among groups. The protection induced by sCc48 synthetic peptide supports further studies of this mimotope as a potential vaccine candidate against cysticercosis.
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Li J, Wang H, Han Y, Zhao Y, Zhou H, Xu J, Li L. Novel peptides screened by phage display peptide library can mimic epitopes of the FnBPA-A protein and induce protective immunity against Staphylococcus aureus in mice. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e910. [PMID: 31452334 PMCID: PMC6813446 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin‐binding protein A (FnBPA) is a key adhesin of Staphylococcus aureus, and the protein binding to fibrinogen and elastin is mediated by its N‐terminal A domain. Thus, FnBPA‐A has been considered a potential vaccine candidate, but the relevant epitopes are not fully understood. Here, purified rabbit anti‐FnBPA‐A antibodies were produced and used to screen for peptides corresponding to or mimicking the epitope of native FnBPA‐A protein by using a phage random 12‐mer peptide library. After four rounds of panning, 25 randomly selected phage clones were detected by phage‐ELISA and competition‐inhibition ELISA. Then, eight anti‐rFnBPA‐A antibody‐binding phage clones were selected for sequencing, and six different 12‐mer peptides were displayed by these phages. Although these displayed peptides shared no more than three consecutive amino acid residues identical to the sequence of FnBPA‐A, they could be recognized by the FnBPA‐A‐specific antibodies in vitro and could induce specific antibodies against FnBPA‐A in vivo, suggesting that these displayed peptides were mimotopes of FnBPA‐A. Finally, the protective efficiencies of these mimotopes were investigated by mouse vaccination and challenge experiments. Compared with that of control group mice, the relative percent survival of mice immunized with phage clones displaying a mimotope was 13.33% (C2 or C15), 0% (C8), 6.67% (C10), 26.67% (C19 or 1:2 mixture of C23 and C19), 53.33% (C23), 33.33% (1:1 mixture of C23 and C19), and 66.67% (2:1 mixture of C23 and C19). Overall, five peptides mimicking FnBPA‐A protein epitopes were obtained, and a partially protective immunity against S. aureus infection could be stimulated by these mimotope peptides in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Nian Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and TechnologyAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Hong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and TechnologyAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yu‐Xi Han
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and TechnologyAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yu‐Ting Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and TechnologyAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Huan‐Huan Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and TechnologyAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Jun Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and TechnologyAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Lin Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and TechnologyAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
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