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Alneyadi A, Nizami ZN, Aburawi HE, Hisaindee S, Nawaz M, Attoub S, Ramadan G, Benhalilou N, Al Azzani M, Elmahi Y, Almeqbali A, Muhammad K, Eid AH, Vijayan R, Iratni R. Synthesis of New Chromene Derivatives Targeting Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2682. [PMID: 37345018 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. The most aggressive type of breast cancer is triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Indeed, not only does TNBC not respond well to several chemotherapeutic agents, but it also frequently develops resistance to various anti-cancer drugs, including taxane mitotic inhibitors. This necessitates the search for newer, more efficacious drugs. In this study, we synthesized two novel chromene derivatives (C1 and C2) and tested their efficacy against a battery of luminal type A and TNBC cell lines. Our results show that C1 and C2 significantly and specifically inhibited TNBC cell viability but had no effect on the luminal A cell type. In addition, these novel compounds induced mitotic arrest, cell multinucleation leading to senescence, and apoptotic cell death through the activation of the extrinsic pathway. We also showed that the underlying mechanisms for these actions of C1 and C2 involved inhibition of microtubule polymerization and disruption of the F-actin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, both compounds significantly attenuated migration of TNBC cells and inhibited angiogenesis in vitro. Finally, we performed an in silico analysis, which revealed that these novel variants bind to the colchicine binding site in β-tubulin. Taken together, our data highlight the potential chemotherapeutic properties of two novel chromene compounds against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Alneyadi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zohra Nausheen Nizami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hanan E Aburawi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Soleiman Hisaindee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir Attoub
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gaber Ramadan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nehla Benhalilou
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mazoun Al Azzani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yassine Elmahi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aysha Almeqbali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Ranjit Vijayan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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4,5-diazafenylfluorene-rhodanine conjugates promote anoikis in A375 cells via inhibiting PPAR-γ expression. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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AB186 Inhibits Migration of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells and Interacts with α-Tubulin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126859. [PMID: 35743305 PMCID: PMC9225035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among females worldwide. A major challenge is to develop innovative therapy in order to treat breast cancer subtypes resistant to current treatment. In the present study, we examined the effects of two Troglitazone derivatives Δ2-TGZ and AB186. Previous studies showed that both compounds induce apoptosis, nevertheless AB186 was a more potent agent. The kinetic of cellular events was investigated by real-time cell analysis system (RTCA) in MCF-7 (hormone dependent) and MDA-MB-231 (triple negative) breast cancer (TNBC) cells, followed by cell morphology analysis by immuno-localization. Both compounds induced a rapid modification of both impedance-based signals and cellular morphology. This process was associated with an inhibition of cell migration measured by wound healing and transwell assays in TNBC MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T cells. In order to identify cytoplasmic targets of AB186, we performed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and pull-down analyses. Subsequently, 6 cytoskeleton components were identified as potential targets. We further validated α-tubulin as one of the direct targets of AB186. In conclusion, our results suggested that AB186 could be promising to develop novel therapeutic strategies to treat aggressive forms of breast cancer such as TNBC.
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Magesh P, Thankachan S, Venkatesh T, Suresh PS. Breast cancer fibroblasts and cross-talk. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 521:158-169. [PMID: 34270953 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The breast tumor microenvironment is one of the crucial elements supporting breast cancer tumor progression and metastasis. The fibroblasts are the chief cellular component of the stromal microenvironment and are pathologically activated and differentiated into breast cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). The catabolic phenotype of breast CAFs arises due to metabolic reprogramming of these fibroblasts under pseudo-hypoxic conditions. The metabolic intermediates and ATP produced by the breast CAFs are exploited by the neighboring cancer cells for energy generation. The growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines secreted by the CAFs help fuel tumor growth, invasion, and dissemination. Moreover, the interplay between breast CAFs and cancer cells, mediated by the growth factors, ROS, metabolic intermediates, exosomes, and catabolite transporters, aids in building a favorable microenvironment that promotes cancer cell proliferation, tumor progression, and metastasis. Therefore, identifying effective means to target the reprogrammed metabolism of the breast CAFs and the cross-communication between CAFs and cancer cells serve as promising strategies to develop anti-cancer therapeutics. Henceforth, the scope of the present review ranges from discussing the underlying characteristics of breast CAFs, mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming in breast CAFs, and the nature of interactions between breast CAFs and cancer cells to studying the intricacies of reprogrammed metabolism targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanila Magesh
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India
| | - Sanu Thankachan
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India
| | - Thejaswini Venkatesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671316, India
| | - Padmanaban S Suresh
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India.
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Lee JH, Zhao XM, Yoon I, Lee JY, Kwon NH, Wang YY, Lee KM, Lee MJ, Kim J, Moon HG, In Y, Hao JK, Park KM, Noh DY, Han W, Kim S. Integrative analysis of mutational and transcriptional profiles reveals driver mutations of metastatic breast cancers. Cell Discov 2016; 2:16025. [PMID: 27625789 PMCID: PMC5004232 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2016.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the explosion in the numbers of cancer genomic studies, metastasis is still the major cause of cancer mortality. In breast cancer, approximately one-fifth of metastatic patients survive 5 years. Therefore, detecting the patients at a high risk of developing distant metastasis at first diagnosis is critical for effective treatment strategy. We hereby present a novel systems biology approach to identify driver mutations escalating the risk of metastasis based on both exome and RNA sequencing of our collected 78 normal-paired breast cancers. Unlike driver mutations occurring commonly in cancers as reported in the literature, the mutations detected here are relatively rare mutations occurring in less than half metastatic samples. By supposing that the driver mutations should affect the metastasis gene signatures, we develop a novel computational pipeline to identify the driver mutations that affect transcription factors regulating metastasis gene signatures. We identify driver mutations in ADPGK, NUP93, PCGF6, PKP2 and SLC22A5, which are verified to enhance cancer cell migration and prompt metastasis with in vitro experiments. The discovered somatic mutations may be helpful for identifying patients who are likely to develop distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Lee
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xing-Ming Zhao
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University , Shanghai, China
| | - Ina Yoon
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Lee
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kwon
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yin-Ying Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University , Shanghai, China
| | - Kyung-Min Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Joo Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Gon Moon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongho In
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kao Hao
- LERIA, University of Angers , Angers, France
| | - Kyung-Mii Park
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonshik Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yang K, Wang X, Liu Z, Lu L, Mao J, Meng H, Wang Y, Hu Y, Zeng Y, Zhang X, Chen Q, Liu Y, Shen W. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein promotes macrophage lipid accumulation via the toll-like receptor 4-Src pathway. Circ J 2015; 79:2509-16. [PMID: 26399924 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-15-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) by macrophages is recognized as a crucial step in the development of atherosclerosis, whereas the precise molecular mechanisms involving it remain to be elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS This study focused on determining the role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Src kinase in macrophage lipid accumulation. oxLDL significantly enhanced Src kinase activity and intracellular lipid contents in RAW264.7 macrophages, whereas the small interference RNA-mediated knockdown of TLR4 and Src or chemical inhibition of Src activity blocked oxLDL-induced lipid accumulation. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that TLR4 was associated with Src on the plasma membrane upon oxLDL stimulation. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest an essential role of TLR4-Src signaling in macrophages in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Ruijin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine
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Chin LH, Hsu SP, Zhong WB, Liang YC. Combined treatment with troglitazone and lovastatin inhibited epidermal growth factor-induced migration through the downregulation of cysteine-rich protein 61 in human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118674. [PMID: 25742642 PMCID: PMC4351011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated that epidermal growth factor (EGF) can induce cell migration through the induction of cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61) in human anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells. The aim of the present study was to determine the inhibitory effects of combined treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) ligand troglitazone and the cholesterol-lowering drug lovastatin at clinically achievable concentrations on ATC cell migration. Combined treatment with 5 μM troglitazone and 1 μM lovastatin exhibited no cytotoxicity but significantly inhibited EGF-induced migration, as determined using wound healing and Boyden chamber assays. Cotreatment with troglitazone and lovastatin altered the epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) -related marker gene expression of the cells; specifically, E-cadherin expression increased and vimentin expression decreased. In addition, cotreatment reduced the number of filopodia, which are believed to be involved in migration, and significantly inhibited EGF-induced Cyr61 mRNA and protein expression as well as Cyr61 secretion. Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of 2 crucial signal molecules for EGF-induced Cyr61 expression, the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), were decreased in cells cotreated with troglitazone and lovastatin. Performing a transient transfection assay revealed that the combined treatment significantly suppressed Cyr61 promoter activity. These results suggest that combined treatment with low doses of troglitazone and lovastatin effectively inhibits ATC cell migration and may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for metastatic ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Chin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Po Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Zhong
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Liang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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van Noort V, Schölch S, Iskar M, Zeller G, Ostertag K, Schweitzer C, Werner K, Weitz J, Koch M, Bork P. Novel drug candidates for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer through global inverse gene-expression profiling. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5690-9. [PMID: 25038229 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced gene-expression profiles that invert disease profiles have recently been illustrated to be a starting point for drug repositioning. In this study, we validate this approach and focus on prediction of novel drugs for colorectal cancer, for which there is a pressing need to find novel antimetastatic compounds. We computationally predicted three novel and still unknown compounds against colorectal cancer: citalopram (an antidepressant), troglitazone (an antidiabetic), and enilconazole (a fungicide). We verified the compounds by in vitro assays of clonogenic survival, proliferation, and migration and in a subcutaneous mouse model. We found evidence that the mode of action of these compounds may be through inhibition of TGFβ signaling. Furthermore, one compound, citalopram, reduced tumor size as well as the number of circulating tumor cells and metastases in an orthotopic mouse model of colorectal cancer. This study proposes citalopram as a potential therapeutic option for patients with colorectal cancer, illustrating the potential of systems pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera van Noort
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse, Heidelberg, Germany. Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Schölch
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Murat Iskar
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Zeller
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Ostertag
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Schweitzer
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Werner
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Moritz Koch
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. Moritz.Koch@uniklinikum
| | - Peer Bork
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse, Heidelberg, Germany. Max-Delbrück-Centre (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany. Moritz.Koch@uniklinikum
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Wang X, Ji X, Chen J, Yan D, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Xi X, Feng Y. SOX2 enhances the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells via Src kinase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99594. [PMID: 24937695 PMCID: PMC4061006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecologic cancers and is the fifth leading cause of all cancer-related deaths among women. The development of novel molecular targets is therefore important to many patients. Recently, the SRY-related transcription factor SOX2 has been widely reported to be involved in multiple pathophysiological diseases, including maintenance of stem cell characteristics and carcinogenesis. Up to now, SOX2 has been mainly shown to promote the development of cancer, although its inhibitory roles in cancer have also been reported. However, the role of SOX2 in ovarian cancer is largely unknown. In the present study, we detected the expression of SOX2 in 64 human serous ovarian carcinoma (SOC) tissues and paired corresponding metastatic specimens using immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the expression of SOX2 in primary tumors is much lower than that in the corresponding metastatic lesions. We further found that SOX2 overexpression promotes proliferation, migration and invasion, while inhibiting adhesion abilities of SOC cells. Finally, we found that SOX2 targets Src kinase, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates cell migration, invasion and adhesion in SOC cells. Together, these results suggested that Src kinase is a key molecule in SOX2-mediated migration and invasion of SOC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoning Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiazhou Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenbo Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Xi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Youji Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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de Gaetano M, Dempsey E, Marcone S, James WG, Belton O. Conjugated Linoleic Acid Targets β2 Integrin Expression To Suppress Monocyte Adhesion. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:4326-36. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Jaafar H, Sharif SET, Murtey MD. Distinctive Features of Advancing Breast Cancer Cells and Interactions with Surrounding Stroma Observed Under the Scanning Electron Microscope. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:1305-10. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.4.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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12
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Yan KH, Yao CJ, Chang HY, Lai GM, Cheng AL, Chuang SE. The synergistic anticancer effect of troglitazone combined with aspirin causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human lung cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2010; 49:235-46. [PMID: 19908241 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Troglitazone (TGZ) is a synthetic thiazolidinedione drug belonging to a group of potent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) agonists known to inhibit proliferation, alter cell cycle regulation, and induce apoptosis in various cancer cell types. TGZ is an oral anti-type II diabetes drug that can reverse insulin resistance. For more then 100 yr, aspirin, a nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, has been successfully used as an anti-inflammatory drug. Recently, Aspirin (ASA) and some other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have drawn much attention for their protective effects against colon cancer and cardiovascular disease; it has been observed that ASA's anti-tumor effect can be attributed to inhibition of cell cycle progression, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of angiogenesis. In this report we demonstrate for the first time that, when administered in combination, TGZ and ASA can produce a strong synergistic effect in growth inhibition and G(1) arrest in lung cancer CL1-0 and A549 cells. Examination by colony formation assay revealed an even more profound synergy. In Western blot, combined TGZ and ASA also could downregulate Cdk2, E2F-1, cyclin B1, cyclin D3 protein, and the ratio of phospho-Rb/Rb. Importantly, apoptosis was synergistically induced by the combination treatment, as evidenced by caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. The involvement of PI3K/Akt inhibition and p27 upregulation, as well as hypophosphorylation of Rac1 at ser71, were demonstrated. Taken together, these results suggest that clinically achievable concentrations of TGZ and ASA used in combination may produce a strong anticancer synergy that warrants further investigation for its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Huang Yan
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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Schwock J, Dhani N, Hedley DW. Targeting focal adhesion kinase signaling in tumor growth and metastasis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2010; 14:77-94. [PMID: 20001212 DOI: 10.1517/14728220903460340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a crucial mediator of integrin and growth factor signaling, is a novel and promising target in cancer therapy. FAK resides within focal adhesions which are contact points between extracellular matrix (ECM) and cytoskeleton, and increased expression of the kinase has been linked with cancer cell migration, proliferation and survival. The aim of this review is to summarize the current research in the area and to assess the potential of different FAK-targeting strategies for cancer therapy. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW We briefly examine the evidence pointing towards FAK as potential anti-cancer target since its discovery in 1992. Then, we summarize different approaches developed to interfere with FAK signaling and important results reported from these experiments. Finally, we discuss the potential of these strategies to accomplish inhibition of tumor growth and distant spread as well as potentially meaningful combinations with other therapeutic modalities in the context of the currently available evidence. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The review emphasizes the link between FAK biology and the consequences of interference with FAK signaling. Based on this foundation an opinion is formed with regard to the future of FAK as therapeutic target. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Inhibition of FAK harbours the potential to restrain malignant growth and progression with minimal side effects in normal tissues. Small molecule inhibitors of the kinase should be examined in further clinical studies and combinations with existing therapies need to be explored. More efforts are required to identify markers which predict response towards FAK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Schwock
- Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute (PMH/OCI), Toronto M5G 2M9, Ontario, Canada
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Steffan JJ, Cardelli JA. Thiazolidinediones induce Rab7-RILP-MAPK-dependent juxtanuclear lysosome aggregation and reduce tumor cell invasion. Traffic 2009; 11:274-86. [PMID: 20015112 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2009.01012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acidic extracellular pH (pHe) has been shown to stimulate peripheral lysosome trafficking, resulting in cathepsin B secretion and tumor invasion. In addition, inhibitors of sodium-proton exchangers (NHE) such as EIPA, cariporide and s3226, as well as the non-specific NHE inhibitor, troglitazone (Tro), blocked these changes. In this paper, we report a differential ability of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) family of compounds to induce a time-dependent retrograde aggregation of lysosomes over the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in tumor cells exposed to acidic pHe. This trafficking event depended on microtubules and the MAP-Kinase pathway, but was independent of Rho GTPase activity. Expression of shRNA implicated Rab7 in this process, and subcellular fractionation revealed that levels of Rab7, RILP and Erk1/2 were increased on lysosomes purified from cells treated with Tro. In addition, DN-RILP overexpression studies indicated that this Rab7 effector also played a role in TZD-induced retrograde trafficking. Tro was able to prevent acidic pHe-induced cell invasion. Finally, DU145 prostate tumor cells stably over-expressing WT-RILP, a condition where lysosomes aggregate to the MTOC in the absence of Tro, did not invade in response to acidic pHe, suggesting that the regulation of lysosome trafficking is an inherently important aspect of tumor cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Steffan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and The Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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Campeau PM, Foulkes WD, Tischkowitz MD. Hereditary breast cancer: new genetic developments, new therapeutic avenues. Hum Genet 2008; 124:31-42. [PMID: 18575892 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-008-0529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Six genes confer a high risk for developing breast cancer (BRCA1/2, TP53, PTEN, STK11, CDH1). Both BRCA1 and BRCA2 have DNA repair functions, and BRCA1/2 deficient tumors are now being targeted by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. Other genes conferring an increased risk for breast cancer include ATM, CHEK2, PALB2, BRIP1 and genome-wide association studies have identified lower penetrance alleles including FGFR2, a minor allele of which is associated with breast cancer. We review recent findings related to the function of some of these genes, and discuss how they can be targeted by various drugs. Gaining deeper insights in breast cancer susceptibility will improve our ability to identify those families at increased risk and permit the development of new and more specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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