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Emerging roles of hnRNP A2B1 in cancer and inflammation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1077-1092. [PMID: 36113587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are a group of RNA-binding proteins with important roles in multiple aspects of nucleic acid metabolism, including the packaging of nascent transcripts, alternative splicing, transactivation of gene expression, and regulation of protein translation. As a core component of the hnRNP complex in mammalian cells, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (hnRNP A2B1) participates in and coordinates various molecular events. Given its regulatory role in inflammation and cancer progression, hnRNP A2B1 has become a novel player in immune response, inflammation, and cancer development. Concomitant with these new roles, a surprising number of mechanisms deemed to regulate hnRNP A2B1 functions have been identified, including post-translational modifications, changes in subcellular localization, direct interactions with multiple DNAs, RNAs, and proteins or the formation of complexes with them, which have gradually made hnRNP A2B1 a molecular target for multiple drugs. In light of the rising interest in the intersection between cancer and inflammation, this review will focus on recent knowledge of the biological roles of hnRNP A2B1 in cancer, immune response, and inflammation.
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Bhise A, Park H, Lee W, Sarkar S, Ha YS, Rajkumar S, Nam B, Lim JE, Huynh PT, Lee K, Son JY, Kim JY, Lee KC, Yoo J. Preclinical Evaluation of hnRNPA2B1 Antibody in Human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells via PET Imaging. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081677. [PMID: 36015303 PMCID: PMC9415040 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) does not express estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Because TNBC lacks the expression of commonly targeted receptors, it is challenging to develop a new imaging agent for this cancer subtype. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are RNA–protein complexes that have been linked to tumor development and progression. Considering the high expression of hnRNPA2B1, an hnRNP subtype, in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells, this study aimed to develop a novel hnRNPA2B1 antibody-based nuclear imaging agent. The hnRNPA2B1-specific antibody was radiolabeled with 64Cu and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The trans-cyclooctene (TCO) was functionalized on the antibody to obtain hnRNP-PEG4-TCO and reactive tetrazine (Tz) on the ultrastable bifunctional chelator PCB-TE2A-alkyne to yield PCB-TE2A-Tz for the inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reaction. The 64Cu-radiolabeled antibody was administered and imaged at 1–18 h time points for conventional imaging. Alternatively, the unlabeled antibody conjugate was administered, and 48 h later radiolabeled 64Cu-PCB-TE2A-Tz was administered to the same mice for the pretargeting strategy and imaged at the same time intervals for direct comparison. The tumor was successfully visualized in both strategies, and comparatively, pretargeting showed superior results. The 64Cu-PCB-TE2A-Tz was successfully clicked at the tumor site with hnRNP-PEG4-TCO and the non-clicked were concurrently eliminated. This led to increase the tumor uptake with extremely high tumor-to-background ratio manifested by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and biodistribution studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Bhise
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Woonghee Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Swarbhanu Sarkar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Yeong Su Ha
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Subramani Rajkumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Bora Nam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Lim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Phuong Tu Huynh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Kiwoong Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Son
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Jung Young Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Kyo Chul Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Jeongsoo Yoo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-420-4947
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3
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Li D, Fu Z, Dong C, Song Y. Methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit-induced long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1833 N6-methyladenosine methylation promotes the non-small cell lung cancer progression via regulating heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 expression. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10493-10503. [PMID: 35441574 PMCID: PMC9161889 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2061305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1833 (LINC01833) exhibits elevated expression in the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, while its molecular mechanism in NSCLC progression remains elusive. Herein, the proliferation, migration, invasion as well as apoptosis of NSCLC cells were assessed. The potential N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification site was predicted by the m6aVar tool. RNA pulldown and m6A-specific immunoprecipitation assays were used to detect the interaction between LINC01833 and methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit (METTL3). RNA pull-down together with mass spectrometry were performed to assess the binding relationship between LINC01833 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (HNRNPA2B1) in NSCLC. Tumor xenograft mice model was established, and the tumor size and weight were measured. The results demonstrated that LINC01833 expression was elevated in NSCLC samples. Overexpression of LINC01833 promoted proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities and inhibited HCC827 cell apoptosis. LINC01833 knockdown inhibited tumor growth in mice. LINC01833 is further demonstrated to be modulated by METTL3, which is highly expressed in NSCLC samples. In addition, RNA pulldown and m6A-specific immunoprecipitation assays indicated that LINC01833 might form a complex with HNRNPA2B1. In conclusion, m6A transferase METTL3-induced LINC01833 m6A methylation promotes NSCLC progression through modulating HNRNPA2B1 expression. Our findings indicated that LINC01833 might be a therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, hanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospitalṣ Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, China
| | - Zejun Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, hanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospitalṣ Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, China
| | - Chaoqun Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, hanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospitalṣ Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, China
| | - Yongming Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, hanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospitalṣ Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, China
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McCann CJ, Hasan NM, Padilla-Benavides T, Roy S, Lutsenko S. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein hnRNPA2/B1 regulates the abundance of the copper-transporter ATP7A in an isoform-dependent manner. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1067490. [PMID: 36545508 PMCID: PMC9762481 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1067490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient with a critical role in mammalian growth and development. Imbalance of Cu causes severe diseases in humans; therefore, cellular Cu levels are tightly regulated. Major Cu-transport proteins and their cellular behavior have been characterized in detail, whereas their regulation at the mRNA level and associated factors are not well-understood. We show that the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein hnRNPA2/B1 regulates Cu homeostasis by modulating the abundance of Cu(I)-transporter ATP7A. Downregulation of hnRNPA2/B1 in HeLa cells increases the ATP7A mRNA and protein levels and significantly decreases cellular Cu; this regulation involves the 3' UTR of ATP7A transcript. Downregulation of B1 and B1b isoforms of hnRNPA2/B1 is sufficient to elevate ATP7A, whereas overexpression of either hnRNPA2 or hnRNPB1 isoforms decreases the ATP7A mRNA levels. Concurrent decrease in hnRNPA2/B1, increase in ATP7A, and a decrease in Cu levels was observed in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells during retinoic acid-induced differentiation; this effect was reversed by overexpression of B1/B1b isoforms. We conclude that hnRNPA2/B1 is a new isoform-specific negative regulator of ATP7A abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J McCann
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, United States
| | - Nesrin M Hasan
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Shubhrajit Roy
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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5
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Kim MK, Choi MJ, Lee HM, Choi HS, Park YK, Ryu CJ. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 regulates the ERK and p53/HDM2 signaling pathways to promote the survival, proliferation and migration of non‑small cell lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:153. [PMID: 34109989 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer‑associated mortality worldwide. Upregulation of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2/B1) has been reported in non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, but its contribution to NSCLC remains poorly understood. hnRNPA2/B1 is involved in carcinogenesis by interacting with a number of proteins; however, little is known about its interaction with p53. The results of the present study revealed that hnRNPA2/B1 expression levels were upregulated in NSCLC cells under tumorsphere culture conditions and cisplatin treatment compared with those in cells under the adherent condition and dimethyl sulfoxide treatment, respectively, suggesting that hnRNPA2/B1 expression is induced under stress conditions. hnRNPA2/B1 knockdown decreased the number and size of NSCLC cell colonies in a clonogenic survival assay and led to a decreased migratory potential of NSCLC cells, suggesting that hnRNPA2/B1 may promote the survival, proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells. hnRNPA2/B1 knockdown induced G0/G1 phase arrest in NSCLC cells through cyclin E degradation and phosphorylation of cyclin‑dependent kinase 2. In addition, hnRNPA2/B1 knockdown inhibited extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation, suggesting that hnRNPA2/B1 may promote the G1/S phase transition in NSCLC cells through ERK signaling. hnRNPA2/B1 knockdown resulted in increased expression levels of p21 and p27 in NSCLC cells, as well as p53 induction and phosphorylation. Additionally, hnRNPA2/B1 knockdown inhibited human double minute 2 protein (HDM2) stability and phosphorylation, whereas overexpression of hnRNPA2 induced the opposite effects. These results suggested that hnRNPA2/B1 may promote the survival, proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells through preventing the activation of p53, which is induced by ERK‑mediated HDM2 activation. The results of the present study also indicated that the components of the hnRNPA2/B1/ERK/p53/HDM2 signaling pathway may be novel potential molecular targets for the treatment of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyu Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Ju Choi
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seo Choi
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- Prevention and Management Center, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Jeih Ryu
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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Wang Y, Su X, Zhao M, Xu M, Chen Y, Li Z, Zhuang W. Importance of N 6-methyladenosine RNA modification in lung cancer (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 14:128. [PMID: 33981432 PMCID: PMC8108057 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most common mRNA modification in eukaryotes and exerts biological functions by affecting RNA metabolism. The m6A modification is installed by m6A methyltransferases, removed by demethylases and recognized by m6A-binding proteins. The interaction between these three elements maintains the dynamic equilibrium of m6A in cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that m6A RNA methylation has a significant impact on RNA metabolism and is involved in the pathogenesis of cancer. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The treatment options for lung cancer have developed considerably over the past few years; however, the survival rate of patients with lung cancer still remains very low. Although diagnostic methods and targeted therapies have been rapidly developed in recent years, the underlying mechanism and importance of m6A RNA methylation in the pathogenesis of lung cancer remains ambiguous. The current review summarized the biological functions of m6A modification and considers the potential roles of m6A regulators in the occurrence and development of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology Test Technique, College of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Su
- Department of Molecular Biology Test Technique, College of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Mingyao Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biology Test Technique, College of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Mingchen Xu
- Department of Molecular Biology Test Technique, College of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Yueqi Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology Test Technique, College of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyi Li
- Department of Clinical Examination Basis, Laboratory Academy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Wenyue Zhuang
- Department of Molecular Biology Test Technique, College of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
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7
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Liu Y, Li H, Liu F, Gao LB, Han R, Chen C, Ding X, Li S, Lu K, Yang L, Tian HM, Chen BB, Li X, Xu DH, Deng XL, Shi SL. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 is a negative regulator of human breast cancer metastasis by maintaining the balance of multiple genes and pathways. EBioMedicine 2020; 51:102583. [PMID: 31901866 PMCID: PMC6948170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1 is an important RNA-binding protein that affects the RNA processing, splicing, transport and stability of many genes. hnRNPA2/B1 is expressed during proliferation and metastasis of various cancer types and promotes such processes. However, the precise role and mechanism of hnRNPA2/B1 in breast cancer remain unclear. Methods The association of hnRNPA2/B1 with breast cancer metastasis was assessed using tissue chips, mouse models and publicly available data. The role and mechanism of hnRNPA2/B1 in breast cancer metastasis were studied in cell lines and mouse models. Findings In contrast to other cancer research findings, hnRNPA2/B1 expression was negatively correlated with breast cancer metastasis. hnRNPA2/B1 inhibited MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo. hnRNPA2/B1 knockout activated ERK-MAPK/Twist and GR-beta/TCF4 pathways but inhibited STAT3 and WNT/TCF4 signalling pathways. Profilin 2 (PFN2) promoted breast cancer cell migration and invasion, whereas hnRNPA2/B1 bound directly to the UAGGG locus in the 3′-untranslated region of PFN2 mRNA and reduced the stability of PFN2 mRNA. Interpretation Our data supported the role of hnRNPA2/B1 in tumour metastasis risk and survival prediction in patients with breast cancer. The inhibitory role of hnRNPA2/B1 in metastasis was a balance of downstream multiple genes and signalling pathways. PFN2 downregulation by hnRNPA2/B1 might partly explain the inhibitory mechanism of hnRNPA2/B1 in breast cancer metastasis. Therefore, hnRNPA2/B1 might be used as a new prognostic biomarker and valuable molecular target for breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China; School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Huan Li
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Fan Liu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Li-Bin Gao
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Rong Han
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Xue Ding
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Shuang Li
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Kun Lu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Ling Yang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Hui-Min Tian
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Bin-Bin Chen
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Xiao Li
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Dong-Hui Xu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ling Deng
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Song-Lin Shi
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Room 303, No.4221-122, Xiang'annan Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, PR China.
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8
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Zhou R, Park JW, Chun RF, Lisse TS, Garcia AJ, Zavala K, Sea JL, Lu ZX, Xu J, Adams JS, Xing Y, Hewison M. Concerted effects of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C1/C2 to control vitamin D-directed gene transcription and RNA splicing in human bone cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 45:606-618. [PMID: 27672039 PMCID: PMC5314791 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally recognized as an RNA splicing regulator, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C1/C2 (hnRNPC1/C2) can also bind to double-stranded DNA and function in trans as a vitamin D response element (VDRE)-binding protein. As such, hnRNPC1/C2 may couple transcription induced by the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) with subsequent RNA splicing. In MG63 osteoblastic cells, increased expression of the 1,25(OH)2D target gene CYP24A1 involved immunoprecipitation of hnRNPC1/C2 with CYP24A1 chromatin and RNA. Knockdown of hnRNPC1/C2 suppressed expression of CYP24A1, but also increased expression of an exon 10-skipped CYP24A1 splice variant; in a minigene model the latter was attenuated by a functional VDRE in the CYP24A1 promoter. In genome-wide analyses, knockdown of hnRNPC1/C2 resulted in 3500 differentially expressed genes and 2232 differentially spliced genes, with significant commonality between groups. 1,25(OH)2D induced 324 differentially expressed genes, with 187 also observed following hnRNPC1/C2 knockdown, and a further 168 unique to hnRNPC1/C2 knockdown. However, 1,25(OH)2D induced only 10 differentially spliced genes, with no overlap with differentially expressed genes. These data indicate that hnRNPC1/C2 binds to both DNA and RNA and influences both gene expression and RNA splicing, but these actions do not appear to be linked through 1,25(OH)2D-mediated induction of transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- UCLA Orthopaedic Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, the Orthopedic Surgery Center of Chinese PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Juw Won Park
- Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Computer Engineering and Computer Science, Kentucky Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Rene F Chun
- UCLA Orthopaedic Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Alejandro J Garcia
- UCLA Orthopaedic Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kathryn Zavala
- UCLA Orthopaedic Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jessica L Sea
- UCLA Orthopaedic Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhi-Xiang Lu
- Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Orthopedic Surgery Center of Chinese PLA, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - John S Adams
- UCLA Orthopaedic Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yi Xing
- Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Martin Hewison
- UCLA Orthopaedic Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA .,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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9
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Xuan Y, Wang J, Ban L, Lu JJ, Yi C, Li Z, Yu W, Li M, Xu T, Yang W, Tang Z, Tang R, Xiao X, Meng S, Chen Y, Liu Q, Huang W, Guo W, Cui X, Deng W. hnRNPA2/B1 activates cyclooxygenase-2 and promotes tumor growth in human lung cancers. Mol Oncol 2015; 10:610-24. [PMID: 26774881 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is highly expressed in tumor cells and has been regarded as a hallmarker for cancers, but the excise regulatory mechanism of COX-2 in tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we pulled down and identified a novel COX-2 regulator, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2/B1), which could specifically bind to COX-2 core promoter and regulate tumor growth in non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Knockdown of hnRNPA2/B1 by shRNA or siRNA downregulated COX-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, and suppressed tumor cell growth in NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, overexpression of hnRNPA2/B1 up-regulated the levels of COX-2 and PGE2 and promoted tumor cell growth. We also showed that hnRNPA2/B1 expression was positively correlated with COX-2 expression in NSCLC cell lines and tumor tissues, and the up-regulated expression of hnRNPA2/B1 and COX-2 predicted worse prognosis in NSCLC patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the activation of COX-2 expression by hnRNPA2/B1 was mediated through the cooperation with p300, a transcriptional co-activator, in NSCLC cells. The hnRNPA2/B1 could interact with p300 directly and be acetylated by p300. Exogenous overexpression of p300, but not its histone acetyltransferase (HAT) domain deletion mutation, augmented the acetylation of hnRNPA2/B1 and enhanced its binding on COX-2 promoter, thereby promoted COX-2 expression and lung cancer cell growth. Collectively, our results demonstrate that hnRNPA2/B1 promotes tumor cell growth by activating COX-2 signaling in NSCLC cells and imply that the hnRNPA2/B1/COX-2 pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for human lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xuan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Jingshu Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Liying Ban
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Jian-Jun Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Canhui Yi
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Zhenglin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Wendan Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Mei Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Tingting Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Ranran Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Xiangsheng Xiao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Songshu Meng
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yiming Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Wenlin Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug for Tumors of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Double Bioproduct Inc., Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China.
| | - Xiaonan Cui
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China.
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug for Tumors of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Double Bioproduct Inc., Guangzhou, PR China.
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10
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Herman S, Fischer A, Presumey J, Hoffmann M, Koenders MI, Escriou V, Apparailly F, Steiner G. Inhibition of Inflammation and Bone Erosion by RNA Interference-Mediated Silencing of Heterogeneous Nuclear RNP A2/B1 in Two Experimental Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:2536-46. [DOI: 10.1002/art.39223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessy Presumey
- INSERM, U844, University Hospital of Montpellier and University of Montpellier I; Montpellier France
| | | | | | - Virginie Escriou
- INSERM, U1022, CNRS, UMR8151, Paris Descartes University, and Chimie ParisTech; Paris France
| | - Florence Apparailly
- INSERM, U844, University Hospital of Montpellier and University of Montpellier I; Montpellier France
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11
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Qu XH, Liu JL, Zhong XW, Li XI, Zhang QG. Insights into the roles of hnRNP A2/B1 and AXL in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:1677-1685. [PMID: 26622731 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has long been one of the most serious types of malignant tumor, and is associated with high incidence and mortality rates. Despite advancements in the comprehensive treatment of the disease, particularly with targeted therapeutic agents, there has been little improvement in the 5-year survival rates of patients. One of the leading causes of mortality in lung cancer is the lack of effective early diagnostic criteria. On this basis, the present study aimed to identify an index with potential in the early diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer. The current study determined the expression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1 and AXL proteins in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor samples, and performed prognostic analysis of the collected clinical data to identify any association. In addition, RNA interference was performed to silence the expression of hnRNP A2/B1, allowing evaluation of its molecular and cellular functions, and determination of the mechanism of hnRNP A2/B1 in NSCLC by means of AXL mediation. It was identified that the positive expression rate of hnRNP A2/B1 and AXL proteins were significantly higher in NSCLC compared with paracancerous lung tissues (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression of hnRNP A2/B1 protein was correlated with the expression AXL. Thus, the expression of hnRNP A2/B1 and AXL protein are factors affecting prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Of these, hnRNP A2/B1 appears to be an independent risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Han Qu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Lu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Wen Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - X I Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Gang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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12
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Choi HS, Lee HM, Jang YJ, Kim CH, Ryu CJ. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 regulates the self-renewal and pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells via the control of the G1/S transition. Stem Cells 2015; 31:2647-58. [PMID: 23495120 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-renewal and pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a complex biological process for maintaining hESC stemness. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these special properties of hESCs are not fully understood. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNP A2/B1) is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein whose expression is related to cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. In this study, we found that hnRNP A2/B1 expression was localized to undifferentiated hESCs and decreased upon differentiation of hESCs. hnRNP A2/B1 knockdown reduced the number of alkaline phosphatase-positive colonies in hESCs and led to a decrease in the expression of pluripotency-associated transcription factors OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2, indicating that hnRNP A2/B1 is essential for hESC self-renewal and pluripotency. hnRNP A2/B1 knockdown increased the expression of gene markers associated with the early development of three germ layers, and promoted the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, suggesting that hnRNP A2/B1 is required for maintaining the undifferentiated and epithelial phenotypes of hESCs. hnRNP A2/B1 knockdown inhibited hESC proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase before differentiation via degradation of cyclin D1, cyclin E, and Cdc25A. hnRNP A2/B1 knockdown increased p27 expression and induced phosphorylation of p53 and Chk1, suggesting that hnRNP A2/B1 also regulates the G1/S transition of hESC cell cycle through the control of p27 expression and p53 and Chk1 activity. Analysis of signaling molecules further revealed that hnRNP A2/B1 regulated hESC proliferation in a PI3K/Akt-dependent manner. These findings provide for the first time mechanistic insights into how hnRNP A2/B1 regulates hESC self-renewal and pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Seo Choi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Hernández-Díaz I, Giraldez T, Morales S, Hernandez G, Salido E, Canessa CM, Alvarez de la Rosa D. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 is a tissue-specific aldosterone target gene with prominent induction in the rat distal colon. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 304:G122-31. [PMID: 23139218 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00130.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The steroid hormone aldosterone enhances transepithelial Na(+) reabsorption in tight epithelia and is crucial to achieve extracellular volume homeostasis and control of blood pressure. One of the main transport pathways regulated by aldosterone involves the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC), which constitutes the rate-limiting step of Na(+) reabsorption in parts of the distal nephron and the collecting duct, the distal colon, and sweat and salivary glands. Although these epithelial tissues share the same receptor for aldosterone (mineralocorticoid receptor, MR), and the same transport system (ENaC), it has become clear that the molecular mechanisms involved in the modulation of channel activity are tissue-specific. Recent evidence suggests that aldosterone controls transcription and also translation of ENaC subunits in some cell types. A possible pathway for translational regulation is binding of regulatory proteins to ENaC subunit mRNAs, such as the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNP A2/B1). In this study, we examined whether hnRNP A2/B1 is an aldosterone-target gene in vivo. Our data show that physiological levels of aldosterone markedly induce hnRNP A2/B1 expression in an early and sustained manner in the late distal colon epithelium but not in other aldosterone-target tissues. The effect depends on MR but not on glucocorticoid receptor activity. We also demonstrate that the genomic region upstream of hnRNP A2/B1 contains aldosterone-responsive elements involved in the control of gene expression. We hypothesize that hnRNP A2/B1 is involved in the tissue-specific regulation of ENaC biosynthesis and may coordinate the response of other genes relevant for transepithelial Na(+) reabsorption by aldosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Hernández-Díaz
- Department of Physiology and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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14
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Tyleckova J, Hrabakova R, Mairychova K, Halada P, Radova L, Dzubak P, Hajduch M, Gadher SJ, Kovarova H. Cancer cell response to anthracyclines effects: mysteries of the hidden proteins associated with these drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:15536-64. [PMID: 23443080 PMCID: PMC3546648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131215536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive proteome map of T-lymphoblastic leukemia cells and its alterations after daunorubicin, doxorubicin and mitoxantrone treatments was monitored and evaluated either by paired comparison with relevant untreated control and using multivariate classification of treated and untreated samples. With the main focus on early time intervals when the influence of apoptosis is minimized, we found significantly different levels of proteins, which corresponded to 1%–2% of the total amount of protein spots detected. According to Gene Ontology classification of biological processes, the highest representation of identified proteins for all three drugs belong to metabolic processes of proteins and nucleic acids and cellular processes, mainly cytoskeleton organisation and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Importantly, we observed significant proportion of changes in proteins involved in the generation of precursor metabolites and energy typical for daunorubicin, transport proteins participating in response to doxorubicin and a group of proteins of immune system characterising response to mitoxantrone. Both a paired comparison and the multivariate evaluation of quantitative data revealed daunorubicin as a distinct member of the group of anthracycline/anthracenedione drugs. A combination of identified drug specific protein changes, which may help to explain anti-cancer activity, together with the benefit of blocking activation of adaptive cancer pathways, presents important approaches to improving treatment outcomes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirina Tyleckova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, v.v.i., 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.T.); (R.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Rita Hrabakova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, v.v.i., 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.T.); (R.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Katerina Mairychova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, v.v.i., 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.T.); (R.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Petr Halada
- Institute of Microbiology AS CR, v.v.i., 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
| | - Lenka Radova
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Translational and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (L.R.); (P.D.); (M.H.)
| | - Petr Dzubak
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Translational and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (L.R.); (P.D.); (M.H.)
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Translational and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (L.R.); (P.D.); (M.H.)
| | | | - Hana Kovarova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, v.v.i., 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.T.); (R.H.); (K.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +420-315-639-582; Fax: +420-315-639-510
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Wong PF, Cheong WF, Shu MH, Teh CH, Chan KL, AbuBakar S. Eurycomanone suppresses expression of lung cancer cell tumor markers, prohibitin, annexin 1 and endoplasmic reticulum protein 28. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:138-144. [PMID: 21903368 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds from the medicinal plant, Eurycoma longifolia Jack have been shown to promote anti-proliferative effects on various cancer cell lines. Here we examined the effects of purified eurycomanone, a quassinoid found in Eurycoma longifolia Jack extract, on the expression of selected genes of the A549 lung cancer cells. Eurycomanone inhibited A549 lung cancer cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations ranging from 5 to 20 μg/ml. The concentration that inhibited 50% of cell growth (GI(50)) was 5.1 μg/ml. The anti-proliferative effects were not fully reversible following the removal of eurycomanone, in which 30% of cell inhibition still remained (p<0.0001, T-test). At 8 μg/ml (GI(70)), eurycomanone suppressed anchorage-independent growth of A549 cells by >25% (p<0.05, T-test, n=8) as determined using soft agar colony formation assay. Cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug used for the treatment of non small cell lung cancer on the other hand, inhibited A549 cells proliferation at concentrations ranging from 0.2 μg/ml to 15 μg/ml with a GI(50) of 0.58 μg/ml. The treatment with eurycomanone reduced the abundance expression of the lung cancer markers, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1, p53 tumor suppressor protein and other cancer-associated genes including prohibitin (PHB), annexin 1 (ANX1) and endoplasmic reticulum protein 28 (ERp28) but not the house keeping genes. The mRNA expressions of all genes with the exception of PHB were significantly downregulated, 72 h after treatment (p<0.05, T-test, n=9). These findings suggest that eurycomanone at viable therapeutic concentrations of 5-20 μg/ml exhibited significant anti-proliferative and anti-clonogenic cell growth effects on A549 lung cancer cells. The treatment also resulted in suppression of the lung cancer cell tumor markers and several known cancer cell growth-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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RIP-Chip analysis: RNA-Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation-Microarray (Chip) Profiling. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 703:247-63. [PMID: 21125495 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-248-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression plays an important role in complex cellular processes. Just like transcription factors regulate gene expression through combinatorial binding to multiple, physically dispersed cis elements, mRNA binding proteins can regulate the translation of functionally related gene products by coordinately binding to subsets of mRNAs. The networks of mRNA binding proteins that facilitate this fine-tuning of gene expression are poorly understood. By combining genomic technologies with standard molecular biology tools, we have helped pioneer the development of high-throughput technologies for the global analysis of subsets of mRNAs bound to RNA-binding proteins. This technique is termed RIP-Chip and stands for RNA-Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation-Microarray (Chip) Profiling. This approach is also referred to as "ribonomic profiling" and has revealed valuable information about the workings of mRNP networks in the cell and the regulation of gene expression. In this chapter, we describe the latest advances that we have made in the RIP-CHIP technology.
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Chen M, Zhang J, Manley JL. Turning on a fuel switch of cancer: hnRNP proteins regulate alternative splicing of pyruvate kinase mRNA. Cancer Res 2010; 70:8977-80. [PMID: 20978194 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Unlike normal cells, which metabolize glucose by oxidative phosphorylation for efficient energy production, tumor cells preferentially metabolize glucose by aerobic glycolysis, which produces less energy but facilitates the incorporation of more glycolytic metabolites into the biomass needed for rapid proliferation. The metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis is partly achieved by a switch in the splice isoforms of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase. Although normal cells express the pyruvate kinase M1 isoform (PKM1), tumor cells predominantly express the M2 isoform (PKM2). Switching from PKM1 to PKM2 promotes aerobic glycolysis and provides a selective advantage for tumor formation. The PKM1/M2 isoforms are generated through alternative splicing of two mutually exclusive exons. A recent study shows that the alternative splicing event is controlled by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family members hnRNPA1, hnRNPA2, and polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB; also known as hnRNPI). These findings not only provide additional evidence that alternative splicing plays an important role in tumorigenesis, but also shed light on the molecular mechanism by which hnRNP proteins regulate cell proliferation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Tauler J, Zudaire E, Liu H, Shih J, Mulshine JL. hnRNP A2/B1 modulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer cell lines. Cancer Res 2010; 70:7137-47. [PMID: 20807810 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-0860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNP A2/B1) has been reported to be overexpressed in lung cancer and in other cancers such as breast, pancreas, and liver. However, a mechanism linking hnRNP A2/B1 overexpression and progression to cancer has not yet been definitively established. To elucidate this mechanism, we have silenced hnRNPA2/B1 mRNA in non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines A549, H1703, and H358. These cell lines present different levels of expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers such as E-cadherin, fibronectin, and vimentin. Microarray expression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of silencing hnRNP A2/B1 in A549 cells. We identified a list of target genes, affected by silencing of hnRNP A2/B1, that are involved in regulation of migration, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. Silencing hnRNP A2/B1 induced formation of cell clusters and increased proliferation. In the anchorage-independent assay, silencing hnRNP A2/B1 increased colony formation by 794% in A549 and 174% in H1703 compared with a 25% increase in proliferation, in both cell lines, in a two-dimensional proliferation assay. Silencing hnRNP A2/B1 decreased migration in intermediate cell line A549 and mesenchymal cell line H1703; however, no changes in proliferation were observed in epithelial cell line H358. Silencing hnRNP A2/B1 in A549 and H1703 cells correlated with an increase of E-cadherin expression and downregulation of the E-cadherin inhibitors Twist1 and Snai1. These data suggest that expression of hnRNP A2/B1 may play a role in EMT, in nonepithelial lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1703, through the regulation of E-cadherin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Tauler
- Laboratory of Lung Cancer Biology, Section of Medical Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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19
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Cui H, Wu F, Sun Y, Fan G, Wang Q. Up-regulation and subcellular localization of hnRNP A2/B1 in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:356. [PMID: 20604928 PMCID: PMC2915982 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the world's leading causes of death among cancer patients. It is important to find a new biomarker that diagnoses HCC and monitors its treatment. In our previous work, we screened a single-chain antibody (scFv) N14, which could specifically recognize human HepG2 HCC cells but not human non-cancerous liver LO2 cells. However, the antigen it recognized in the cells remained unknown. Methods Recombinant scFv N14 antibody was expressed as an active antibody. Using this antibody with a combination of immunological and proteomic approaches, we identified the antigen of scFv N14 antibody as the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNP A2/B1). The expression of hnRNP A2/B1 in HCC cells was then investigated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results We found that the up-regulation of hnRNP A2/B1 was measured at both transcriptional and translational levels in rat HCC cells but not in rat hepatic cells. We also found that in various human hepatic tissues, hnRNP A2/B1 was highly expressed in both human hepatitis virus positive liver tissues and human HCC tissues but not in normal liver tissues. Interestingly, we observed that the localization of hnRNP A2/B1 in HCC cells was altered during the development of HCC. In human hepatitis virus infected tissues hnRNP A2/B1 resides exclusively in the nuclei of hepatocytes. However, when the HCC progressed from a well differentiated to a poorly differentiated stage, hnRNP A2/B1 was increasingly localized in the cytoplasm. In contrast, the HCC tissues with hnRNP A2/B1 highly expressed in the nucleus decreased. Conclusions This work is the first to show that hnRNP A2/B1 is the antigen specifically recognized by the scFv N14 antibody in HCC cells. The over-expression of hnRNP A2/B1 was confirmed in cultured human and rat HCC cell lines, human virus related hepatitis liver tissues and human HCC tissues. The increased localization of hnRNP A2/B1 in the cytoplasm of HCC cells was revealed during the dedifferentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, we suggest that the increased expression and cytoplasmic localization of hnRNP A2/B1 can be used as a diagnostic biomarker to assess the risk of human liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No 33 Life Science Park Road, Beijing 102206, China
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Liu Y, Gao Y, Wu Y, Wu Y, Wang H, Zhang C. Histochemical mapping of hnRNP A2/B1 in rat brain after ischemia-reperfusion insults. J Histochem Cytochem 2010; 58:695-705. [PMID: 20421594 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2010.955021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) insults result in neuronal cell death, brain tissue loss, and severe neurological deficits. However, the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1 belongs to a family of RNA-binding proteins that plays a central role in pre-mRNA processing. Recent studies have revealed that hnRNP A2/B1 may be involved in the progress of I/R; therefore, the present study aimed to examine expression patterns of hnRNP A2/B1 to better understand posttranscriptional regulations in cerebral I/R insults. Focal cerebral I/R models were induced by right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 120 min followed by 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hr of reperfusion in male Sprague-Dawley rats. We employed immunohistochemistry to examine expression of hnRNP A2/B1 in rat cerebral cortex (including cingulate cortex, striate cortex, temporal cortex, and piriform cortex) and hippocampus after I/R insults. Results showed that expression of hnRNP A2/B1 was significantly downregulated in cerebral cortex and hippocampus from 3 to 24 hr of reperfusion after MCAO for 120 min, but significantly upregulated at 48 hr of reperfusion. Unexpectedly, translocation of hnRNP A2/B1 from nucleus to cytoplasm and even to neurites was observed in cerebral cortex at 3 hr of reperfusion, reaching a peak at 24 hr of reperfusion, but not in hippocampus, indicating different posttranscriptional regulation patterns in different brain regions. Interestingly, translocation of hnRNP A2/B1 was only observed in cerebral cortex with MCAO but not in the opposite side, suggesting an I/R-specific expression pattern in the brain. Our data suggest that hnRNP A2/B1 participates in posttranscriptional regulation of neurons in cerebral cortex and hippocampus that suffered I/R insults, although posttranscriptional regulation is more extensive in neuronal cells of cerebral cortex than in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing, China
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Hadian K, Vincendeau M, Mäusbacher N, Nagel D, Hauck SM, Ueffing M, Loyter A, Werner T, Wolff H, Brack-Werner R. Identification of a heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein-recognition region in the HIV Rev protein. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:33384-91. [PMID: 19808671 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.021659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rev protein is a key regulator of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression. Rev is primarily known as an adaptor protein for nuclear export of HIV RNAs. However, Rev also contributes to numerous other processes by less well known mechanisms. Understanding the functional nature of Rev requires extensive knowledge of its cellular interaction partners. Here we demonstrate that Rev interacts with members of a large family of multifunctional host cell factors called hnRNPs. Rev employs amino acids 9-14 for specific binding to the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNP) A1, Q, K, R, and U. In addition, Rev interacts with hnRNP E1 and E2 by a different mechanism. The set of hnRNPs recognized by the N terminus of Rev feature RGG boxes. Exemplary testing of hnRNP A1 revealed a critical role of arginine residues within the RGG box for interaction with Rev. Finally, we demonstrate that expression levels of hnRNP A1, Q, K, R, and U influence HIV-1 production by persistently infected astrocytes, linking these hnRNPs to HIV replication. The novel interaction of HIV-1 Rev with functionally diverse hnRNPs lends further support to the idea that Rev is a multifunctional protein and may be involved in coupling HIV replication to diverse cellular processes and promoting virus-host cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Hadian
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Tauler J, Mulshine JL. Lung cancer and inflammation: interaction of chemokines and hnRNPs. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2009; 9:384-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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