1
|
Tage H, Yamaguchi K, Nakagawa S, Kasuga S, Takane K, Furukawa Y, Ikenoue T. Visinin-like 1, a novel target gene of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, is involved in apoptosis resistance in colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 37096864 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is associated with various aspects of cancer development. This study explored the roles of novel target genes of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in cancer cells. METHODS Using the haploid chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line HAP1, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to identify genes whose expression was increased by APC disruption and reversed by β-catenin knockdown (KD). The regulatory mechanism and function of one of the candidate genes was investigated in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. RESULTS In total, 64 candidate genes whose expression was regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling were identified. Of these candidate genes, the expression levels of six were reduced by β-catenin KD in HCT116 CRC cells in our previous microarray. One of these genes was Visinin-like 1 ( VSNL1 ), which belongs to the neuronal calcium-sensor gene family. The expression of VSNL1 was regulated by the β-catenin/TCF7L2 complex via two TCF7L2-binding elements in intron 1. VSNL1 KDinduced apoptosis in VSNL1-positive CRC cells. Additionally, forced expression of wild-type VSNL1, but not a myristoylation, Ca2+ -binding, or dimerization-defective mutant, suppressed the apoptosis induced by camptothecin and doxorubicin in VSNL1-negative CRC cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that VSNL1 , a novel target gene of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, is associated with apoptosis resistance in CRC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tage
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saya Nakagawa
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - So Kasuga
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Takane
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Ikenoue
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma M, Zeng G, Li J, Liang J, Huang L, Chen J, Lai J. Expressional and prognostic value of HPCAL1 in cholangiocarcinoma via integrated bioinformatics analyses and experiments. Cancer Med 2022; 12:824-836. [PMID: 35645147 PMCID: PMC9844623 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hippocalcin-like 1 (HPCAL1) is involved in the development of several cancer types. However, our understanding of the HPCAL1 activity in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains limited. METHODS Two microarray datasets were used to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the development of CCA. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)/Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was integrated to determine the prognostic significance of DEGs in CCA. The association between clinical characteristics and HPCAL1 expression levels was initially explored to assess the clinical profile of CCA. The prognostic value of HPCAL1 overexpression in the validation cohort was analyzed, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) term analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of HPCAL1. RESULTS Three upregulated genes and 10 downregulated genes were detected from two microarray-based screenings. High expression of HPCAL1 as a poor prognostic factor of CCA was validated using TCGA/GEO integrated database and our database. Univariate and multivariate analyses along with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that high HPCAL1 expression was an independent factor affecting the overall survival and relapse-free survival in patients with CCA. The high expression of HPCAL1 was significantly associated with cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) levels, number of tumors, lymph node invasion, and TNM stage. Analysis of the enriched GO terms and KEGG pathways revealed that the high expression of HPCAL1 was involved in the critical biological processes and molecular pathways, including modulation by a host of symbiont processes, the clathrin coat, actinin binding, and Rap1 signaling pathways. CONCLUSION HPCAL1 was enriched in CCA in our study and has the potential to be applied in the identification of patients with CCA with an unfavorable prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjian Ma
- Department of Pancreato‐Biliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Guangyan Zeng
- Department of Pancreato‐Biliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China,Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryEighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenPR China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jiahua Liang
- Department of Pancreato‐Biliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Pancreato‐Biliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Jiancong Chen
- Department of Pancreato‐Biliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Jiaming Lai
- Department of Pancreato‐Biliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deng R, Li J, Zhao H, Zou Z, Man J, Cao J, Yang L. Identification of potential biomarkers associated with immune infiltration in papillary renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e24022. [PMID: 34606125 PMCID: PMC8605132 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapeutic approaches have recently emerged as effective treatment regimens against various types of cancer. However, the immune‐mediated mechanisms surrounding papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and identify the potential immune‐related biomarkers for pRCC. Methods The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to calculate the abundance ratio of immune cells in each pRCC samples. Univariate Cox analysis was used to select the prognostic‐related tumor‐infiltrating immune cells (TIICs). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to develop a signature based on the selected prognostic‐related TIICs. Then, these pRCC samples were divided into low‐ and high‐risk groups according to the obtained signature. Analyses using Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were performed to investigate the biological function of the DEGs (differentially expressed genes) between the high‐ and low‐risk groups. The hub genes were identified using a weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) and a protein‐protein interaction (PPI) analysis. The hub genes were subsequently validated by multiple clinical traits and databases. Results According to our analyses, nine immune cells play a vital role in the TME of pRCC. Our analyses also obtained nine potential immune‐related biomarkers for pRCC, including TOP2A, BUB1B, BUB1, TPX2, PBK, CEP55, ASPM, RRM2, and CENPF. Conclusion In this study, our data revealed the crucial TIICs and potential immune‐related biomarkers for pRCC and provided compelling insights into the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets for pRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Deng
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Lanzhou, China.,Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-urology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianpeng Li
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Lanzhou, China.,Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-urology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Lanzhou, China.,Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-urology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhirui Zou
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Lanzhou, China.,Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-urology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangwei Man
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Lanzhou, China.,Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-urology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinlong Cao
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Lanzhou, China.,Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-urology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Lanzhou, China.,Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-urology, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
VSNL1 Promotes Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration by Regulating P2X3/P2Y2 Receptors and Is a Clinical Indicator of Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer Patients. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:7241942. [PMID: 33376484 PMCID: PMC7744243 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7241942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Visinin Like 1 (VSNL1) in the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer (GC) cells as well as its clinical prognostic significance. Methods To this end, we evaluated VSNL1 expression in GC tissues and cell lines by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. To further explore the effects of VSNL1, a lentiviral vector expressing a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against VSNL1 was constructed and transduced into the GC cell lines BGC-823 and SGC-7901. The interference efficiency of VSNL1-shRNA was determined by western blot. The effects of VSNL1 on the migration and invasion of GC cells as well as the expression of P2X3/P2Y2 were explored using MTS, colony formation, migration, and western blot assays. Results VSNL1 mRNA and protein levels were increased in GC tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, VSNL1 expression was positively correlated with Lauren's classification, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, TNM stage, and prognosis. VSNL1 expression was inversely correlated with the 5-year survival rate of GC patients. VSNL1 expression was markedly reduced in cells transduced with lentivirus expressing shRNA against VSNL1, and inhibiting VSNL1 expression significantly suppressed cell growth, migration, and colony formation and reduced the expression of P2X3/P2Y2. Conclusion VSNL1 may promote the proliferation and migration of GC cells by regulating P2X3 and P2Y2 expression. VSNL1 plays important roles in GC development and metastasis and may be correlated with patient prognosis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang J, Shen Y, Wang J, Xue Y, Liao L, Thapa S, Ji K. Relation of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and malignant melanoma: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46461-46467. [PMID: 28515348 PMCID: PMC5542281 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the association between using PDE5 inhibitors and malignant melanoma are conflicting. To estimate the relation of using PDE5 inhibitors with risk of malignant melanoma, Medline (Ovid) and Embase (Ovid) databases were searched up to February 2017, and a random effects model was used to calculate the summary risk estimates. Five observational studies were included. Five studies reports encompassed a total of 15,979 melanoma cases occurring among 1, 188,414 participants. The pooled multivariable-adjusted RR of melanoma in patients with using PDE5 inhibitors was 1.12 (95% CI: 1.03–1.21, I2 = 0.48). Findings from this systematic review support that PDE5 inhibitor use is associated with increased risk of melanoma in ED patients, the result remains inclusive and warrants further study in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yigen Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaoni Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangjing Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lianming Liao
- Department of Oncology, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 3250112, Fujian, China
| | - Saroj Thapa
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kangting Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dhayade S, Kaesler S, Sinnberg T, Dobrowinski H, Peters S, Naumann U, Liu H, Hunger RE, Thunemann M, Biedermann T, Schittek B, Simon HU, Feil S, Feil R. Sildenafil Potentiates a cGMP-Dependent Pathway to Promote Melanoma Growth. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2599-610. [PMID: 26971999 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil, an inhibitor of the cGMP-degrading phosphodiesterase 5 that is used to treat erectile dysfunction, has been linked to an increased risk of melanoma. Here, we have examined the potential connection between cGMP-dependent signaling cascades and melanoma growth. Using a combination of biochemical assays and real-time monitoring of melanoma cells, we report a cGMP-dependent growth-promoting pathway in murine and human melanoma cells. We document that C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a ligand of the membrane-bound guanylate cyclase B, enhances the activity of cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (cGKI) in melanoma cells by increasing the intracellular levels of cGMP. Activation of this cGMP pathway promotes melanoma cell growth and migration in a p44/42 MAPK-dependent manner. Sildenafil treatment further increases intracellular cGMP concentrations, potentiating activation of this pathway. Collectively, our data identify this cGMP-cGKI pathway as the link between sildenafil usage and increased melanoma risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Dhayade
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Kaesler
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hyazinth Dobrowinski
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Peters
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Hertie-Institut für klinische Hirnforschung, Abteilung Vaskuläre Neurologie, Labor für Molekulare Neuroonkologie, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - He Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert E Hunger
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Thunemann
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technische Universität München, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Schittek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liebl MP, Kaya AM, Tenzer S, Mittenzwei R, Koziollek-Drechsler I, Schild H, Moosmann B, Behl C, Clement AM. Dimerization of visinin-like protein 1 is regulated by oxidative stress and calcium and is a pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 72:41-54. [PMID: 24742816 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Redox control of proteins that form disulfide bonds upon oxidative challenge is an emerging topic in the physiological and pathophysiological regulation of protein function. We have investigated the role of the neuronal calcium sensor protein visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1) as a novel redox sensor in a cellular system. We have found oxidative stress to trigger dimerization of VILIP-1 within a cellular environment and identified thioredoxin reductase as responsible for facilitating the remonomerization of the dimeric protein. Dimerization is modulated by calcium and not dependent on the myristoylation of VILIP-1. Furthermore, we show by site-directed mutagenesis that dimerization is exclusively mediated by Cys187. As a functional consequence, VILIP-1 dimerization modulates the sensitivity of cells to an oxidative challenge. We have investigated whether dimerization of VILIP-1 occurs in two different animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and detected soluble VILIP-1 dimers to be significantly enriched in the spinal cord from phenotypic disease onset onwards. Moreover, VILIP-1 is part of the ALS-specific protein aggregates. We show for the first time that the C-terminus of VILIP-1, containing Cys187, might represent a novel redox-sensitive motif and that VILIP-1 dimerization and aggregation are hallmarks of ALS. This suggests that VILIP-1 dimers play a functional role in integrating the cytosolic calcium concentration and the oxidative status of the cell. Furthermore, a loss of VILIP-1 function owing to protein aggregation in ALS could be relevant in the pathophysiology of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina P Liebl
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ali M Kaya
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Romy Mittenzwei
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingrid Koziollek-Drechsler
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Schild
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Moosmann
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Behl
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Albrecht M Clement
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Network insights on oxaliplatin anti-cancer mechanisms. Clin Transl Med 2012; 1:26. [PMID: 23369220 PMCID: PMC3560997 DOI: 10.1186/2001-1326-1-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin has been a crucial component of combination therapies since admission into the clinic causing modest gains in survival across multiple malignancies. However, oxaliplatin functions in a non-targeted manner, posing a difficulty in ascertaining precise efficacy mechanisms. While previously thought to only affect DNA repair mechanisms, Platinum-protein adducts (Pt-Protein) far outnumber Pt-DNA adducts leaving a big part of oxaliplatin function unknown. Through preliminary network modeling of high throughput data, this article critically reviews the efficacy of oxaliplatin as well as proposes a better model for enhanced efficacy based on a network approach. In our study, not only oxaliplatin’s function in interrupting DNA-replication was confirmed, but also its role in initiating or intensifying tumorigenesis pathways was uncovered. From our data we present a novel picture of competing signaling networks that collectively provide a plausible explanation of chemotherapeutic resistance, cancer stem cell survival, as well as invasiveness and metastases. Here we highlight oxaliplatin signaling networks, their significance and the clinical implications of these interactions that verifies the importance of network modeling in rational drug design.
Collapse
|
9
|
Schönrath K, Klein-Szanto AJ, Braunewell KH. The putative tumor suppressor VILIP-1 counteracts epidermal growth factor-induced epidermal-mesenchymal transition in squamous carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33116. [PMID: 22479362 PMCID: PMC3316558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial step for the acquisition of invasive properties of carcinoma cells during tumor progression. Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells provokes changes in the expression of lineage markers, morphological changes, and a higher invasive and metastatic potential. Here we show that chronic stimulation with EGF induces EMT in skin-derived SCC cell lines along with the down-regulation of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, and of the putative tumor suppressor VILIP-1 (visinin-like protein 1). In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma the loss of VILIP-1 correlates with clinicopathological features related to enhanced invasiveness. VILIP-1 has previously been shown to suppress tumor cell invasion via enhancing cAMP-signaling in a murine SCC model. In mouse skin SCC cell lines the VILIP-1-negative tumor cells have low cAMP levels, whereas VILIP-1-positive SCCs possess high cAMP levels, but low invasive properties. We show that in VILIP-1-negative SCCs, Snail1, a transcriptional repressor involved in EMT, is up-regulated. Snail1 expression is reduced by ectopic VILIP-1-expression in VILIP-1-negative SCC cells, and application of the general adenylyl cyclase inhibitor 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine attenuated this effect. Conversely, EGF-stimulation of VILIP-1-positive SCC cells leads to the down-regulation of VILIP-1 and the induction of Snail1 expression. The induction of Snail is inhibited by elevated cAMP levels. The role of cAMP in EMT was further highlighted by its suppressive effect on the EGF-induced enhancement of migration in VILIP-1-positive SCC cells. These findings indicate that VILIP-1 is involved in EMT of SCC by regulating the transcription factor Snail1 in a cAMP-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schönrath
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andres J. Klein-Szanto
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Karl H. Braunewell
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences Laboratory, Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Braunewell KH. The visinin-like proteins VILIP-1 and VILIP-3 in Alzheimer's disease-old wine in new bottles. Front Mol Neurosci 2012; 5:20. [PMID: 22375104 PMCID: PMC3284765 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2012.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuronal Ca2+-sensor (NCS) proteins VILIP-1 and VILIP-3 have been implicated in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) show association of genetic variants of VILIP-1 (VSNL1) and VILIP-3 (HPCAL1) with AD+P (+psychosis) and late onset AD (LOAD), respectively. In AD brains the expression of VILIP-1 and VILIP-3 protein and mRNA is down-regulated in cortical and limbic areas. In the hippocampus, for instance, reduced VILIP-1 mRNA levels correlate with the content of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and amyloid plaques, the pathological characteristics of AD, and with the mini mental state exam (MMSE), a test for cognitive impairment. More recently, VILIP-1 was evaluated as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker and a prognostic marker for cognitive decline in AD. In CSF increased VILIP-1 levels correlate with levels of Aβ, tau, ApoE4, and reduced MMSE scores. These findings tie in with previous results showing that VILIP-1 is involved in pathological mechanisms of altered Ca2+-homeostasis leading to neuronal loss. In PC12 cells, depending on co-expression with the neuroprotective Ca2+-buffer calbindin D28K, VILIP-1 enhanced tau phosphorylation and cell death. On the other hand, VILIP-1 affects processes, such as cyclic nucleotide signaling and dendritic growth, as well as nicotinergic modulation of neuronal network activity, both of which regulate synaptic plasticity and cognition. Similar to VILIP-1, its interaction partner α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is severely reduced in AD, causing severe cognitive deficits. Comparatively little is known about VILIP-3, but its interaction with cytochrome b5, which is part of an antioxidative system impaired in AD, hint toward a role in neuroprotection. A current hypothesis is that the reduced expression of visinin-like protein (VSNLs) in AD is caused by selective vulnerability of subpopulations of neurons, leading to the death of these VILIP-1-expressing neurons, explaining its increased CSF levels. While the Ca2+-sensor appears to be a good biomarker for the detrimental effects of Aβ in AD, its early, possibly Aβ-induced, down-regulation of expression may additionally attenuate neuronal signal pathways regulating the functions of dendrites and neuroplasticity, and as a consequence, this may contribute to cognitive decline in early AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl H Braunewell
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Laboratory, Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Walsh JE, Young MRI. TGF-beta regulation of focal adhesion proteins and motility of premalignant oral lesions via protein phosphatase 1. Anticancer Res 2011; 31:3159-3164. [PMID: 21965722 PMCID: PMC3622218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Premalignant oral lesions have a high incidence of recurrence and progression to malignant disease and, although studies have shown the contribution of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) to cancer progression, none have been conducted with premalignant oral lesion cells to determine the impact of TGF-β in stimulating properties that are characteristic of more invasive cells. The present study focused on TGF-β-modulation of paxillin and the serine/threonine protein phosphatase PP-1, and the impact on cellular motility. These studies show that TGF-β stimulates premalignant lesion cell motility and up regulates expression of paxillin, as well as its co-localization with PP-1, while concurrently diminishing the level of paxillin serine phosphorylation. The TGF-β-mediated up regulation of paxillin and co-localization with actin, as well as the TGF-β-stimulated motility of premalignant lesion cells, were all blocked by inhibiting PP-1, indicating their dependence on PP-1 activity. These studies suggest interplay between TGF-β and PP-1 in promoting a more malignant phenotype in premalignant oral lesion cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarrett E Walsh
- Research Service (151), Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, U.S.A
| | | |
Collapse
|