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Pharmacogenetic Association between XRCC1 Polymorphisms and Response to Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Asian Patients with NSCLC: A Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3520764. [PMID: 33150172 PMCID: PMC7603545 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3520764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Platinum-based chemotherapy plays an antitumor role by damaging DNA. X-ray repair crosscomplementing protein 1 (XRCC1) participates in DNA repair and thus affects the sensitivity to platinum drugs. Two polymorphisms of XRCC1, rs25487 (Arg399Gln) and rs1799782 (Arg194Trp), have been widely studied for the association with clinical outcomes of platinum-based chemotherapy in Asian patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the results remain inconclusive. Thus, we performed the present meta-analysis. Methods Literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE up to June 2019. Odds ratios (ORs) for objective response ratio (ORR), Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to assess the association strengths between XRCC1 polymorphisms and clinical outcomes. Comparisons were performed in homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, and recessive models. Results Finally, a total of 23 studies involving 5567 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to ArgArg of rs25487, GlnGln (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.16-2.52, p = .007, I2 = 56.8%) and GlnArg (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.07-1.40, p = .003, I2 = 29.0%) were associated with higher ORR. Meanwhile, GlnGln indicated a favorable OS (HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.40-0.88) and PFS (HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.46-0.90). We also found positive associations between rs1799782 and ORR in all comparison models with low between-study heterogeneity. The association strength increased with the number of variant alleles (TrpTrp vs. ArgArg: OR = 1.73, 95% CI:1.31-2.27; TrpArg vs. ArgArg: OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06-1.55), suggesting a gene dosage effect. In addition, TrpTrp predicted a longer OS. Conclusion Our results showed that rs25487 and rs1799782 of XRCC1 are potential markers to predict clinical outcomes of platinum-based chemotherapy in Asian patients with NSCLC.
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Stumbryte A, Gudleviciene Z, Kundrotas G, Dabkeviciene D, Kunickaite A, Cicenas S. Individual and combined effect of TP53, MDM2, MDM4, MTHFR, CCR5, and CASP8 gene polymorphisms in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 9:3214-3229. [PMID: 29423041 PMCID: PMC5790458 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the second common and with the highest mortality oncological disease. Specific biomarkers for its diagnostics, treatment, and prognosis are still under the investigations. Aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between the polymorphisms of TP53 pathway genes TP53, MDM2, MDM4, the polymorphisms of HPV-associated genes MTHFR, CASP8, CCR5, and HPV infection with survival of LC patients. SNPs were genotyped using PCR-RFLP. qRT-PCR was used to detect, identify, and quantify HPV. No statistically significant differences were detected between individual SNPs and patient survival with stage I-IV LC. Cluster analysis of SNPs in genes MDM4 A/A, CCR5 wt/Δ32, MTHFR C/T, MDM2 T/T showed possible association with the worse survival. Patients who were diagnosed with C/T polymorphic variant of gene MTHFR tend not to survive stage III-IV LC (P = .12). There is a tendency between MDM2 gene T/T variant and worse survival of patients diagnosed with late stage LC (P = .11). HPV infection is very rear among LC patients (3 of 92). Overall, there is a link, although statistically insignificant, between specific SNPs and LC patient survival frequency and time, meanwhile the combination of specific SNPs showed a statistically significant measure. In conclusion, we determined statistically significant (P = .04) link between the poor survival of LC patients after surgery and the combination of polymorphic variants C/T of the MTHFR and T/T of the MDM2 genes, whereas individually these SNPs do not show significant relationship with the survival of patients after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausra Stumbryte
- Biobank, National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.,Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Daiva Dabkeviciene
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agne Kunickaite
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Cicenas
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, National Cancer Institute, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.,Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Contribution of genetic factors to platinum-based chemotherapy sensitivity and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 771:32-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Enokida Y, Shimizu K, Atsumi J, Kakegawa S, Takase Y, Kaira K, Yashima H, Araki T, Nakazawa S, Ohtaki Y, Nagashima T, Alexander L, Usui K, Ishikawa T, Hayashizaki Y, Takeyoshi I. Prognostic potential of the MDM2 309T>G polymorphism in stage I lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1791-801. [PMID: 27228500 PMCID: PMC4884639 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The MDM2 protein plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis via ubiquitination and proteasome‐mediated degradation of p53. The genetic polymorphism rs2279744 (c.309T>G) of the MDM2 gene is reportedly associated with susceptibility and/or prognosis in various cancers. In this study, we investigated the risk factors for worse survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (AC). We examined the association between c.309T>G and the prognosis of lung cancer by retrospectively reviewing 453 lung cancer patients. We studied both, clinicopathological and genetic characteristics, including the c.309T>G, p53 Arg72Pro, EGFR,KRAS, and p53 mutations. Associations between these factors and survival outcome were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. The frequencies of MDM2 polymorphisms were T/T, 20.8%; T/G, 48.6%, and G/G, 30.7%. The overall survival (OS) of AC patients with pathological stage I disease and the MDM2 T/T genotype was significantly shorter than that of those with the T/G or G/G genotypes (P = 0.02). Multivariate analysis revealed that the MDM2 T/T genotype was an independent, significant prognostic factor (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–4.65; P = 0.03). The MDM2 T/T genotype was predictive of poorer survival in a Japanese population. Genotyping for this polymorphism might predict the clinical outcomes of stage I AC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Enokida
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Shimizu
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Jun Atsumi
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Seiichi Kakegawa
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Takase
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yashima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takuya Araki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Seshiru Nakazawa
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ohtaki
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Toshiteru Nagashima
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Lezhava Alexander
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kengo Usui
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Ishikawa
- NGO Personalized Medicine & Healthcare, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-0016, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Hayashizaki
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Izumi Takeyoshi
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
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Li Y, Yu X, Lou Y, Wang T. Rational Design of an Orthogonal Molecular Interaction System at the Complex Interface of Lung Cancer-Related MDM2 Protein with p53 Peptide. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The oncogenic protein MDM2 is an important negative regulator of p53 tumour suppressor. Overexpression of this protein is closely related to the pathological progression and metastasis of lung cancer and other tumours. Previously, a 12-mer peptide segment 17ETFSDLWKLLPE28 (p5317–28) corresponding to residues 17–28 of the human p53 transactivation domain was identified to interact moderately with MDM2. Here, we successfully created an orthogonal molecular interaction system between a native hydrogen bond (H-bond) and a designed halogen bond (X-bond) across the protein–peptide complex interface, where the X-bond was introduced by substituting the 3-hydrogen atom of the benzene ring of the p5317–28 Phe19 residue with a halogen atom X, resulting in a series of 3X-peptides (X = F, Cl, Br or I). Theoretical analysis found that chlorine is a good compromise between X-bonding strength and steric hindrance due to introducing a bulkier halogen atom to the tightly packed complex interface. Consequently, the 3Cl-peptide (Kd = 105 nM) was determined to exhibit ~5-fold affinity improvement relative to p5317–28 (Kd = 570 nM). In contrast, the binding affinity of the 2Cl-peptide (Kd = 492 nM), a negative control that cannot form the X-bond according to computational analysis, did not change considerably on the halogenation.
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Deben C, Deschoolmeester V, Lardon F, Rolfo C, Pauwels P. TP53 and MDM2 genetic alterations in non-small cell lung cancer: Evaluating their prognostic and predictive value. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 99:63-73. [PMID: 26689115 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 pathway has been extensively studied for its role in carcinogenesis. Disruption of the pathway occurs in more than half of all cancers, often leading to a worse prognosis for the patient. In recent years several compounds have been successfully developed to target and restore the p53 pathway, either by blocking the MDM2-p53 interaction, restoring wild type conformation of mutant p53, or exploiting the presence of mutant p53 by blocking DNA damage repair pathways. In this review the known data on the role of p53 on prognosis and response to commonly used chemotherapeutics in non-small cell lung cancer is summarized. The focus is on the presence of genetic alterations in the TP53 or MDM2 gene, p53's main negative regulator. In addition, promising therapeutic options will be discussed in relation to specific alterations in the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Deben
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Deschoolmeester
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Phase-1 Early Clinical Trials Unit, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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Zhou J, Yang Y, Zhang D, Zhou L, Liu F, Tao L, Lu LM. Association of the recurrence of vocal leukoplakia with MDM2-309 variants over a 2-year period: a prospective study. Acta Otolaryngol 2015; 136:95-9. [PMID: 26371559 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2015.1082194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION MDM2-309 polymorphism variant genotypes decrease the risk of recurrence in vocal leukoplakia. OBJECTIVE The results of a previous study 2 years ago showed the effect of mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) SNP309 polymorphisms in people with laryngeal carcinoma and vocal leukoplakia (a pre-cancerous laryngeal carcinoma lesion). This prospective, clinical trial was performed to assess the relationship between MDM2-309 polymorphism variants and recurrence/cancerization rates in people with vocal leukoplakia over a 2-year period. PARTICIPANTS AND METHOD A total of 61 post-operative patients with vocal leukoplakia participated in this prospective, observational, 2-year, follow-up study, and were genotyped for the MDM2-309 gene using pyrosequencing. Recurrence and cancerization rates were used to assess the relationship between the clinical outcome and the genotype variants. RESULTS The recurrence rate in the GT genotypes group was lower than that in the normal TT genotype group (17.2% vs 50%, p = 0.05) and there was a significantly lower recurrence rate in the GG genotype group than in the normal TT genotype group (10% vs 50%, p = 0.03). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the cancerization rate between the MDM2-309 variant (GT + GG) genotypes group and the normal TT genotype group (12.2% vs 8.3%, p > 0.05) over the 2-year follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- a Department of Otolaryngology , Eye Ear Nose & Throat Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Yue Yang
- a Department of Otolaryngology , Eye Ear Nose & Throat Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Duo Zhang
- a Department of Otolaryngology , Eye Ear Nose & Throat Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Liang Zhou
- a Department of Otolaryngology , Eye Ear Nose & Throat Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- b Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , PR China and
| | - Lei Tao
- a Department of Otolaryngology , Eye Ear Nose & Throat Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , PR China
- c Department of Otolaryngology, Pudong Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Li-Ming Lu
- b Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , PR China and
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Zheng D, Chen Y, Gao C, Wei Y, Cao G, Lu N, Hou Y, Jiang X, Wang J. Polymorphisms of p53 and MDM2 genes are associated with severe toxicities in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 15:1542-51. [PMID: 25482940 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.956599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse events in platinum-based chemotherapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are major challenges. In this study, we investigated the role of the p53 and MDM2 genes in predicting adverse events in NSCLC patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Specifically, we examined the p53 p. Pro72Arg (rs1042522), MDM2 c.14 + 309T>G (rs2279744) and MDM2 c.- 461C > G (rs937282) polymorphisms using PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in 444 NSCLC patients. We determine that MDM2 c.14 + 309T > G was significantly associated with severe hematologic and overall toxicities for advanced NSCLC patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy, especially for patients aged 57 and younger. This was also true for patients with adenocarcinoma. Second, we determine that severe gastrointestinal toxicities in patients with heterozygous MDM2 c.-461C > G were significantly higher than in patients with the G/G genotype. Third, patients with the MDM2 c.-461C > G - c.14 + 309T > G CT haplotype show much higher toxicities than those of CG haplotype. Moreover, patients carrying the MDM2 c.-461 > G -c.14 + 309T > G CG/CT diplotype exhibited higher toxicities than those carrying CG/CG. Fourth, we found that the p53 p. Pro72Arg polymorphism interacts with both age and genotype. In addition, no significant associations were observed between the 3 SNPs and the response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients. In summary, we found that the p53 p. Pro72Arg, MDM2 c.14 + 309T > G and MDM2 c.-461C > G polymorphisms are associated with toxicity risks following platinum-based chemotherapy treatment in advanced NSCLC patients. We suggest that MDM2 c.14 + 309T > G may be used as a candidate biomarker to predict adverse events in advanced NSCLC patients who had platinum-based chemotherapy treatment.
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Key Words
- CBR, clinical benefit rate
- CR, complete response
- MDM2
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- ORR, objective response rate
- PCR-RFLP, PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism
- PD, progressive disease
- PR, partial response
- PS, performance status
- SCLC, small-cell lung cancer
- SD, stable disease
- SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism
- TNM, tumor/node/metastasis
- non-small cell lung cancer
- p53
- polymorphism
- toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Datong Zheng
- a Department of Biological Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences ; Nanjing University ; Nanjing , China
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Qian J, Liu H, Gu S, Wu Q, Zhao X, Wu W, Wang H, Wang J, Chen H, Zhang W, Wei Q, Jin L, Lu D. Genetic Variants of the MDM2 Gene Are Predictive of Treatment-Related Toxicities and Overall Survival in Patients With Advanced NSCLC. Clin Lung Cancer 2015; 16:e37-53. [PMID: 25818095 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Platinum agents can cause the formation of DNA adducts and induce apoptosis to eliminate tumor cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of genetic variants of MDM2 on chemotherapy-related toxicities and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 663 patients with advanced NSCLC who had been treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Five tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MDM2 were genotyped in these patients. The associations of these SNPs with clinical toxicities and outcomes were evaluated using logistic regression and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS Two SNPs (rs1470383 and rs1690924) showed significant associations with chemotherapy-related toxicities (ie, overall, hematologic, and gastrointestinal toxicity). Compared with the wild genotype AA carriers, patients with the GG genotype of rs1470383 had an increased risk of overall toxicity (odds ratio [OR], 3.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34-8.02; P = .009) and hematologic toxicity (OR, 4.10; 95% CI, 1.73-9.71; P = .001). Likewise, patients with the AG genotype of rs1690924 showed more sensitivity to gastrointestinal toxicity than did those with the wild-type homozygote GG (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.30-4.14; P = .004). Stratified survival analysis revealed significant associations between rs1470383 genotypes and overall survival in patients without overall or hematologic toxicity (P = .007 and P = .0009, respectively). CONCLUSION The results of our study suggest that SNPs in MDM2 might be used to predict the toxicities of platinum-based chemotherapy and overall survival in patients with advanced NSCLC. Additional validations of the association are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Qian
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University School of Life Sciences and Fudan Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Shaohua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University School of Life Sciences and Fudan Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihan Wu
- East China Normal University School of Life Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University School of Life Sciences and Fudan Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University School of Life Sciences and Fudan Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai, China; Beyster Center for Genomics of Psychiatric Diseases, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Haijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University School of Life Sciences and Fudan Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University School of Life Sciences and Fudan Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University School of Life Sciences and Fudan Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University School of Life Sciences and Fudan Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Daru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University School of Life Sciences and Fudan Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Amaral CM, Cetkovská K, Gurgel AP, Cardoso MV, Chagas BS, Paiva Júnior SS, de Lima RDCP, Silva-Neto JC, Silva LA, Muniz MT, Balbino VQ, Freitas AC. MDM2 polymorphism associated with the development of cervical lesions in women infected with Human papillomavirus and using of oral contraceptives. Infect Agent Cancer 2014; 9:24. [PMID: 25075210 PMCID: PMC4113664 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-9-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The MDM2 gene is the major negative regulator of p53, a tumor suppressor protein. Single nucleotide polymorphism in promoter region of MDM2 gene leads to increased expression resulting in higher levels of MDM2 protein. This event increases the attenuation of the p53 pathway. Polymorphisms in this gene can interfere in the regulation of cellular proliferation. We evaluated whether MDM2 SNP309 (rs2278744) associated or not with the use of oral contraceptive can heighten susceptibility to development of cervical lesions in women HPV infected. Methods MDM2 SNP309 (rs2278744) was genotyped in a total of 287 patients using the PCR-RFLP technique. The results were analyzed by UNPHASED v.3.121 and SNPStats programs. Results The three groups (SIL, LSIL and HSIL) showed no significant differences in either genotype or allelic frequencies for MDM2 polymorphisms, except when HSIL was compared with LSIL (p = 0.037; OR = 1.81). Furthermore, in the analysis of contraceptives, a significant association was found between the use of contraceptives and the MDM2 variant in the development of high-grade cervical lesions for the TG genotype (p = 0.019; OR = 2.21) when HSIL was compared with control. When HSIL was compared with LSIL (p = 0.006; OR = 2.27). Conclusion The results of this study suggest that MDM2 SNP309 might be a good marker for assessing the progression of LSIL to HSIL. In addition, they also show that oral contraceptives alone, did not have any effect on the progression or development of cervical lesions. However, they may act synergistically with MDM2 SNP309 (rs2278744) and HPV infection in the development of cervical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mm Amaral
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Katerina Cetkovská
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Pad Gurgel
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Cardoso
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Bárbara S Chagas
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Sl Paiva Júnior
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Pereira de Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jacinto C Silva-Neto
- Molecular and Cytological Research Laboratory, Department of Histology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luiz Af Silva
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Maria Tc Muniz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Center of Pediatric Oncohaematological, University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Valdir Q Balbino
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Enokida Y, Shimizu K, Kakegawa S, Atsumi J, Takase Y, Miyamae Y, Nagashima T, Ohtaki Y, Kaira K, Sunaga N, Yanagitani N, Yoshino R, Tsunekawa K, Igai H, Kamiyoshihara M, Usui K, Lezhava A, Tomizawa Y, Ishikawa T, Murakami M, Hayashizaki Y, Takeyoshi I. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (c.309T>G) in the MDM2 gene and lung cancer risk. Biomed Rep 2014; 2:719-724. [PMID: 25054017 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is a negative regulator of p53. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs2279744: c.309T>G) in the promoter region of the MDM2 gene has been shown to result in higher levels of MDM2 RNA and protein. Regarding the contribution of c.309T>G in the MDM2 gene to the lung cancer risk, previous studies are conflicting. In order to evaluate the association between c.309T>G and the lung cancer risk, a case-control study was performed. The MDM2 genotypes were determined in 762 lung cancer patients and in 700 cancer-free control subjects using the Smart Amplification Process. Statistical adjustment was performed for gender, age and pack-years of smoking. The distributions of c.309T>G (T/T, T/G, G/G) were 20.1, 49.7, 30.2% in the case group and 21.7, 47.9, 30.4% in the healthy-control group. There were no overall associations between the MDM2 genotypes and the risk of lung cancer [T/G genotype: Adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.88-1.93; and G/G genotype: AOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.78-1.80]. The subgroup analysis of gender, histology, smoking status and epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status also indicated that there was no association with lung cancer. Additionally, the genotypes did not have an effect on the age at the time of diagnosis of lung cancer (P=0.25). In conclusion, the G allele frequency in the lung cancer cases was 0.551, which was similar to other studies. The results of the present study suggest that the c.309T>G is not significantly associated with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Enokida
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Shimizu
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Seiichi Kakegawa
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Jun Atsumi
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Takase
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyamae
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Toshiteru Nagashima
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ohtaki
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sunaga
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Noriko Yanagitani
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Reiko Yoshino
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nishi-Gunma Hospital, Shibukawa, Gunma 377-8511, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tsunekawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Igai
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0014, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kamiyoshihara
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0014, Japan
| | - Kengo Usui
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Alexander Lezhava
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tomizawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nishi-Gunma Hospital, Shibukawa, Gunma 377-8511, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Ishikawa
- NGO Personalized Medicine and Healthcare, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-0016, Japan
| | - Masami Murakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Hayashizaki
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Izumi Takeyoshi
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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12
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Kong Q, Li P, Tian Q, Ha MW. Role of MDM2 T309G Polymorphism in Susceptibility and Prognosis of Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2014; 18:357-65. [PMID: 24673452 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2013.0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Kong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Tian
- College of Social Sciences, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Wen Ha
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
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13
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Ryan BM, Calhoun KM, Pine SR, Bowman ED, Robles AI, Ambs S, Harris CC. MDM2 SNP285 does not antagonize the effect of SNP309 in lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:2710-6. [PMID: 22487911 PMCID: PMC3414691 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Conflicting reports exist regarding the contribution of SNP309 in MDM2 to cancer risk. Recently, SNP285 was shown to act as an antagonist to SNP309 by overriding the effect of SNP309 on SP1-mediated transcription. Moreover, SNP285 modified the relationship between SNP309 and risk of breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer. We assessed whether SNP285 confounded the effect of SNP309 in lung cancer in a cohort of 720 controls and 556 cases. Our cohort included both Caucasians and African Americans. Neither SNP309 nor SNP285 was associated with lung cancer risk or survival. In addition, removal of individuals who carried the variant C allele of SNP285 did not modify the association between SNP309 with either lung cancer risk or survival. Although an effect of SNP285 has been demonstrated in breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer, our findings do not support a role for this SNP in lung cancer and raise the possibility that the effect of SNP285 is restricted to cancers in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bríd M. Ryan
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Kara M. Calhoun
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sharon R. Pine
- UMDNJ/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903
| | - Elise D. Bowman
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Ana I. Robles
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Curtis C. Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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14
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HE WENWU, LONG JIANXIONG, XIAN LEI, PANG FENG, SU LI, WEI SHIXIU, WEI BO, HU YANLING. MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism is associated with lung cancer risk in women: A meta-analysis using METAGEN. Exp Ther Med 2012; 4:569-576. [PMID: 23170107 PMCID: PMC3501375 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common diagnosed malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) SNP309 polymorphisms have been reported to influence the risk of lung cancer. However, the published studies together with four subsequent meta-analyses have yielded contradictory results. To examine this inconsistency, we conducted a meta-analysis of 6,696 lung cancer cases and 7,972 controls from eight published case-control studies using METAGEN. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with STATA software and used to assess the strength of the association. In the overall analysis, a significant association between MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism and lung cancer risk was observed (OR, 1.143; 95% CI, 1.047-1.247). Moreover, stratified by ethnicity, a significant association was found in Asians (OR, 1.260; 95% CI, 1.111-1.429), but not in Europeans. Subgroup analysis of gender, histology and smoking status suggested that the MDM2 SNP309 genotype was associated with increased lung cancer risk in women (OR, 1.282; 95% CI, 1.062-1.548) and never smokers (OR, 1.328; 95% CI, 1.119-1.575). No statistically significant association was observed in males and ever smoking population, and no association was found in subgroup analysis based on histology. In conclusion, the association between MDM2 SNP309 and lung cancer was statistically significant, particularly in Asians, women and never smoking population.
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Affiliation(s)
- WENWU HE
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi
| | | | - LEI XIAN
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi
| | - FENG PANG
- Fourth Grade of Clinical Medicine and
| | | | - SHIXIU WEI
- Medical Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi,
P.R. China
| | | | - YANLING HU
- Medical Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi,
P.R. China
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15
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Zhuo W, Zhang L, Zhu B, Ling J, Chen Z. Association of MDM2 SNP309 variation with lung cancer risk: evidence from 7196 cases and 8456 controls. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41546. [PMID: 22844496 PMCID: PMC3402389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that MDM2 T309G polymorphism may be a risk factor for several cancers. Increasing investigations have been conducted on the association of MDM2 T309G polymorphisms with lung cancer risk and have yielded conflicting results. Previous meta-analyses on this issue have reported inconclusive data. The aim of the present study was to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship. Methods and Findings Updated meta-analyses examining the association between MDM2 T309G polymorphism and lung cancer risk were performed. Separate analyses on ethnicity, smoking status, histological types and gender as well as source of controls were also implemented. Eligible studies were identified for the period up to Feb 2012. Lastly, ten publications including eleven case-control studies were selected for analysis. The overall data failed to indicate a significant association between MDM2 T309G polymorphism and lung cancer risk (GG vs TT OR = 1.14; 95%CI = 0.95−1.37; dominant model: OR = 1.05; 95%CI = 0.92−1.19; recessive model: OR = 1.12; 95%CI = 0.99−1.27). In a subgroup analysis by smoking status, increased lung cancer risk was shown among never-smokers (GG vs TT: OR = 1.76; 95%CI = 1.36−2.29; dominant model: OR = 1.48; 95%CI = 1.22−1.81; recessive model: OR = 1.37; 95%CI = 1.11−1.69). In subgroup analysis by gender, elevated risk was presented among women under a recessive model (OR = 1.29; 95%CI = 1.04−1.59). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, histological types and source of controls, no marked associations were observed. Conclusions Compared to the previous meta-analyses, the results of this study confirmed that MDM2 T309G polymorphism might be a risk factor for lung cancer among never-smokers. However, the data failed to suggest a marked association between the G allele of MDM2 T309G and lung cancer risk among Asians. More interestingly, subgroup analysis by gender indicated that homozygous GG alleles might raise lung cancer risk among females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Zhuo
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital,Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (WZ); (ZC)
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital,Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junjun Ling
- Department of Otolaryngology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengtang Chen
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital,Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (WZ); (ZC)
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de Oliveira Reis AH, de Carvalho INSR, de Sousa Damasceno PB, Ferman SE, Lucena E, Lopez-Camelo JS, Seuánez HN, Vargas FR. Influence of MDM2 and MDM4 on development and survival in hereditary retinoblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59:39-43. [PMID: 22180099 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma (RB) accounts for 3% of all childhood malignancies, with different incidences around the world. This malignancy results from loss-of-function of both RB1 alleles although other genes, like MDM2 and MDM4, have been proposed to be involved in tumor development. PROCEDURE We genotyped rs2279744T>G and rs937283A>G in MDM2, and rs4252668T>C and rs116197192G>A in MDM4, in 104 unrelated RB patients and 104 controls. Sixty-month survival Kaplan-Meier curves and χ(2)-tests were performed for estimating the putative effect of MDM2 and MDM4 alleles on disease progression and survival of RB patients. RESULTS MDM2 rs2279744G was significantly more frequent in controls, indicating an apparently protective effect on RB development. However, survival of patients who carried a constitutional RB1 mutation was significantly lower with rs2279744TG or GG than with rs2279744TT. Presence of rs2279744G and a constitutional RB1 mutation was sixfold more frequent in the 0-12 month age group than other age groups at onset of symptoms (P = 0.0401). MDM4 rs4252668C was present at a significantly higher frequency in controls while the frequency of MDM4 rs116197192G was significantly higher in RB patients, suggesting that this allele might increase the risk of developing RB. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that MDM2 and MDM4 polymorphisms may influence development and/or survival in RB.
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17
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Zienolddiny S, Skaug V. Single nucleotide polymorphisms as susceptibility, prognostic, and therapeutic markers of nonsmall cell lung cancer. LUNG CANCER (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2011; 3:1-14. [PMID: 28210120 PMCID: PMC5312489 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a major public health problem throughout the world. Among the most frequent cancer types (prostate, breast, colorectal, stomach, lung), lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Among the two major subtypes of small cell lung cancer and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 85% of tumors belong to the NSCLC histological types. Small cell lung cancer is associated with the shortest survival time. Although tobacco smoking has been recognized as the major risk factor for lung cancer, there is a great interindividual and interethnic difference in risk of developing lung cancer given exposure to similar environmental and lifestyle factors. This may indicate that in addition to chemical and environmental factors, genetic variations in the genome may contribute to risk modification. A common type of genetic variation in the genome, known as single nucleotide polymorphism, has been found to be associated with susceptibility to lung cancer. Interestingly, many of these polymorphisms are found in the genes that regulate major pathways of carcinogen metabolism (cytochrome P450 genes), detoxification (glutathione S-transferases), adduct removal (DNA repair genes), cell growth/apoptosis (TP53/MDM2), the immune system (cytokines/chemokines), and membrane receptors (nicotinic acetylcholine and dopaminergic receptors). Some of these polymorphisms have been shown to alter the level of mRNA, and protein structure and function. In addition to being susceptibility markers, several of these polymorphisms are emerging to be important for response to chemotherapy/radiotherapy and survival of patients. Therefore, it is hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms will be valuable genetic markers in individual-based prognosis and therapy in future. Here we will review some of the most important single nucleotide polymorphisms in the metabolic pathways that may modulate susceptibility, prognosis, and therapy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanbeh Zienolddiny
- Section for Toxicology and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar Skaug
- Section for Toxicology and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Combined Effect of Genetic Polymorphisms in P53, P73, and MDM2 on Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Survival. J Thorac Oncol 2011; 6:1793-800. [DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e3182272273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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