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Vanhevel J, Verlinden L, Loopmans S, Doms S, Janssens I, Bevers S, Stegen S, Wildiers H, Verstuyf A. The Combination of the CDK4/6 Inhibitor, Palbociclib, With the Vitamin D 3 Analog, Inecalcitol, Has Potent In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer Effects in Hormone-Sensitive Breast Cancer, But Has a More Limited Effect in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:886238. [PMID: 35784555 PMCID: PMC9248359 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.886238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Active vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], and its synthetically derived analogs possess potent anticancer properties. In breast cancer (BC) cells, 1,25(OH)2D3 blocks cell proliferation and induces apoptosis through different cell-type specific mechanisms. In this study, we evaluated if the combination of the potent vitamin D3 analog, inecalcitol, with a selective CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, enhanced the antiproliferative effects of both single compounds in hormone-sensitive (ER+) BC, for which palbociclib treatment is already approved, but also in triple-negative BC (TNBC). Inecalcitol and palbociclib combination treatment decreased cell proliferation in both ER+ (T47D-MCF7) and TNBC (BT20-HCC1143-Hs578T) cells, with a more pronounced antiproliferative effect in the former. In ER+ BC cells, the combination therapy downregulated cell cycle regulatory proteins (p)-Rb and (p)-CDK2 and blocked G1-S phase transition of the cell cycle. Combination treatment upregulated p-mTOR and p-4E-BP1 protein expression in MCF7 cells, whereas it suppressed expression of these proteins in BT20 cells. Cell survival was decreased after inecalcitol treatment either alone or combined in MCF7 cells. Interestingly, the combination therapy upregulated mitochondrial ROS and mitotracker staining in both cell lines. Furthermore, in vivo validation in a MCF7 cell line-derived xenograft mouse model decreased tumor growth and cell cycle progression after combination therapy, but not in a TNBC BT20 cell line-derived xenograft model. In conclusion, we show that addition of a potent vitamin D3 analog to selective CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment results in increased antiproliferative effects in ER+ BC both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Vanhevel
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Verlinden
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shauni Loopmans
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Doms
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iris Janssens
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sien Bevers
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steve Stegen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of General Medical Oncology and Multidisciplinary Breast Center Leuven, University Hospitals (UV) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Verstuyf
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Annemieke Verstuyf,
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2
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Narvaez CJ, LaPorta E, Robilotto S, Liang J, Welsh J. Inhibition of HAS2 and hyaluronic acid production by 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2889-2905. [PMID: 32774770 PMCID: PMC7392624 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) induces growth arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells in vivo and in vitro, however the exact mechanisms are unclear. Although the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a ligand dependent transcription factor, is required for growth regulation by vitamin D, the specific target genes that trigger these effects are unknown. Genomic profiling of murine mammary tumor cells with differential VDR expression identified 35 transcripts that were altered by the 1,25D3-VDR complex including Hyaluronan Synthase-2 (Has2). Here we confirmed that 1,25D3 reduces both HAS2 gene expression and hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis in multiple models of breast cancer. Furthermore, we show that the growth inhibitory effects of 1,25D3 are partially reversed in the presence of high molecular weight HA. HAS2 expression and HA production are elevated in immortalized human mammary epithelial cells induced to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through stable expression of TGFβ, SNAIL or TWIST and in those expressing oncogenic H-RASV12, indicating that deregulation of HA production may be an early and frequent event in breast tumorigenesis. 1,25D3 also reduces HA secretion and acts additively with an HA synthesis inhibitor to slow growth of cells expressing TGFβ, SNAIL and TWIST. Analysis of mammary gland and tumors from Vdr knockout mice suggest that loss of VDR is associated with enhanced HAS2 expression and HA production in vivo. These data define a novel role for 1,25D3 and the VDR in control of HA synthesis in epithelial tissues that likely contributes to its anti-cancer actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen J Narvaez
- University at Albany Cancer Research Center, Rensselaer, NY, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA.,Joint first authors
| | - Erika LaPorta
- University at Albany Cancer Research Center, Rensselaer, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA.,Joint first authors
| | | | - Jennifer Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - JoEllen Welsh
- University at Albany Cancer Research Center, Rensselaer, NY, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
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3
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Lipplaa A, Fernandes R, Marshall A, Lorigan P, Dunn J, Myers KA, Barker E, Newton-Bishop J, Middleton MR, Corrie PG. 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels in patients with high risk resected melanoma treated in an adjuvant bevacizumab trial. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:793-800. [PMID: 30033445 PMCID: PMC6189120 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies evaluating a relationship of vitamin D in patients with primary melanoma have consistently identified an inverse correlation with Breslow thickness, but an inconsistent impact on survival. Vitamin D in later stages of melanoma has been less studied. METHODS Vitamin D was measured in serum from 341 patients with resected stage IIB-IIIC melanoma recruited to the AVAST-M adjuvant melanoma randomised trial, collected prior to randomisation, then at 3 and 12 months. Vitamin D levels were compared with patient demographics, known melanoma prognostic factors, disease-free interval (DFI) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS A total of 73% patients had stage III melanoma, 32% were enroled (and therefore tested) >1 year after primary melanoma diagnosis. Median pre-randomisation vitamin D level was 56.5 (range 12.6-189.0 nmol/L). Vitamin D levels did not significantly vary over 12 months (p = 0.24). Individual pre-randomisation vitamin D levels did not differ significantly for Breslow thickness, tumour ulceration, or disease stage. Neither did pre-randomisation vitamin D predict for DFI (HR = 0.98 per 10 nmol/L increase; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-1.04, p = 0.59) or OS (HR = 0.96 per 10 nmol/L increase, 95% CI 0.90-1.03, p = 0.31). For stage II patients, DFI improved with higher pre-randomisation vitamin D levels for those on bevacizumab (HR = 0.74 per 10 nmol nmol/L increase; 95% CI 0.56-0.97), but not for the observation arm (HR = 1.07 per 10 nmol/L increase; 95% CI 0.85-1.34). CONCLUSIONS In this stage II/III melanoma cohort, vitamin D did not correlate with known prognostic markers, nor predict for DFI or OS, but there was some evidence of benefit for patients with stage II disease treated with bevacizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Lipplaa
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, CB2 0QQ, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Fernandes
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, CB2 0QQ, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Marshall
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Lorigan
- University of Manchester and Christie NHS Foundation Trust, M20 4BX, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Dunn
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin A Myers
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, CB2 0QQ, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, OX3 7DQ, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Barker
- Cambridge Cancer Trials Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Newton-Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, LS9 7TF, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Middleton
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, CB2 0QQ, Oxford, United Kingdom.
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, OX3 7LE, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Pippa G Corrie
- Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Sheng L, Callen DF, Turner AG. Vitamin D 3 signaling and breast cancer: Insights from transgenic mouse models. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 178:348-353. [PMID: 29438722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The biologically active form of vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D) regulates epithelial cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, lending weight to clinical evidence linking vitamin D3 insufficiency to breast cancer incidence and mortality. Local dysregulation of vitamin D3 metabolism has been identified in patients with breast cancer, implying that disruption of 1,25(OH)2D signaling may contribute to breast cancer development in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Mouse mammary glands express the critical enzymes responsible for 1,25(OH)2D synthesis (Cyp2r1 and Cyp27b1), degradation (Cyp24a1), as well as the vitamin D3 receptor (Vdr), and genetically modified mouse models have revealed a great deal about the role of vitamin D3 in cancer initiation and progression. Ablation of Vdr or Cyp27b1 in murine models of mammary cancer reduces the anti-tumor effects of vitamin D3, while elevation of Cyp24a1 levels increases degradation of 1,25(OH)2D, leading to diminished anti-tumor effects. This review discusses the recent transgenic mouse models of vitamin D3 metabolism and the Vdr signaling network, and how these contribute to mammary gland development, and cancer tumorigenesis and progression. Collectively, these mouse models have helped clarify mechanisms of action of vitamin D3 signaling and suggest that activation or restoration of the vitamin D3 regulated pathway is a potential approach for human breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - David F Callen
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew G Turner
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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5
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Beaudin S, Welsh J. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Regulation of Glutamine Synthetase and Glutamine Metabolism in Human Mammary Epithelial Cells. Endocrinology 2017; 158:4174-4188. [PMID: 29029014 PMCID: PMC5711383 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genomic profiling has identified a subset of metabolic genes that are altered by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) in breast cells, including GLUL, the gene that encodes glutamine synthetase (GS). In this study, we explored the relevance of vitamin D modulation of GLUL and other metabolic genes in the context of glutamine utilization and dependence. We show that exposure of breast epithelial cells to glutamine deprivation or a GS inhibitor reduced growth and these effects were exacerbated by cotreatment with 1,25D. 1,25D downregulation of GLUL was sufficient to reduce abundance and activity of GS. Flow cytometry demonstrated that glutamine deprivation induced S phase arrest, likely due to reduced availability of glutamine for DNA synthesis. In contrast, 1,25D induced G0/G1 arrest, indicating that its effects are not solely due to reduced glutamine synthesis. Indeed, 1,25D also reduced expression of GLS1 and GLS2 genes, which code for glutaminases that shunt glutamine into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Consistent with reduced entry of glutamine into the TCA cycle, 1,25D inhibited glutamine oxidation and the metabolic response to exogenous glutamine as analyzed by Seahorse Bioscience extracellular flux assays. Effects of 1,25D on GLUL/GS expression and glutamine oxidation were retained in human mammary epithelial (HME) cells that express SV-40 (HME-LT cells) but not in those that express SV-40 and oncogenic H-Ras (HME-PR cells). Furthermore, HME-PR cells exhibited glutamine independence and expressed constitutively high levels of GLUL/GS, which were unaffected by 1,25D. Collectively, these data suggest that 1,25D alters glutamine availability, dependence, and metabolism in nontransformed and preneoplastic mammary epithelial cells in association with cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Beaudin
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York 12144
| | - JoEllen Welsh
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York 12144
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York 12144
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6
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Bohl L, Guizzardi S, Rodríguez V, Hinrichsen L, Rozados V, Cremonezzi D, Tolosa de Talamoni N, Picotto G. Combined calcitriol and menadione reduces experimental murine triple negative breast tumor. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:21-26. [PMID: 28750356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcitriol (D) or 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits the growth of several tumor cells including breast cancer cells, by activating cell death pathways. Menadione (MEN), a glutathione-depleting compound, may be used to potentiate the antiproliferative actions of D on cancer cells. We have previously shown in vitro that MEN improved D-induced growth arrest on breast cancer cell lines, inducing oxidative stress and DNA damage via ROS generation. Treatment with MEN+D resulted more effective than D or MEN alone. OBJECTIVE To study the in vivo effect of calcitriol, MEN or their combination on the development of murine transplantable triple negative breast tumor M-406 in its syngeneic host. METHODS Tumor M-406 was inoculated s.c., and when tumors reached the desired size, animals were randomly assigned to one of four groups receiving daily i.p. injections of either sterile saline solution (controls, C), MEN, D, or both (MEN+D). Body weight and tumor volume were recorded three times a week. Serum calcium was determined before and at the end of the treatment, at which time tumor samples were obtained for histological examination. RESULTS None of the drugs, alone or in combination, affected mice body weight in the period studied. The combined treatment reduced tumor growth rate (C vs. MEN+D, P<0.05) and the corresponding histological sections exhibited small remaining areas of viable tumor only in the periphery. A concomitant DNA fragmentation was observed in all treated groups and MEN potentiated the calcitriol effect on tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS As previously observed in vitro, treatment with MEN and D delayed tumor growth in vivo more efficiently than the individual drugs, with evident signals of apoptosis induction. Our results propose an alternative protocol to treat triple negative breast cancer, using GSH depleting drugs together with calcitriol, which would allow lower doses of the steroid to maintain the antitumor effect while diminishing its adverse pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Bohl
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Villa María (CONICET-UNVM), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Solange Guizzardi
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Valeria Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lucila Hinrichsen
- Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Viviana Rozados
- Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - David Cremonezzi
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nori Tolosa de Talamoni
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Picotto
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Abstract
Vitamin D enters the body through multiple routes and in a variety of chemical forms. Utilization varies with input, demand, and genetics. Vitamin D and its metabolites are carried in the blood on a Gc protein that has three principal alleles with differing binding affinities and ethnic prevalences. Three major metabolites are produced, which act via two routes, endocrine and autocrine/paracrine, and in two compartments, extracellular and intracellular. Metabolic consumption is influenced by physiological controls, noxious stimuli, and tissue demand. When administered as a supplement, varying dosing schedules produce major differences in serum metabolite profiles. To understand vitamin D's role in human physiology, it is necessary both to identify the foregoing entities, mechanisms, and pathways and, specifically, to quantify them. This review was performed to delineate the principal entities and transitions involved in the vitamin D economy, summarize the status of present knowledge of the applicable rates and masses, draw inferences about functions that are implicit in these quantifications, and point out implications for the determination of adequacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Heaney
- R.P. Heaney is with Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. L.A.G. Armas is with the Department of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Laura A G Armas
- R.P. Heaney is with Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. L.A.G. Armas is with the Department of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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8
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Abstract
While the structure of the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been determined in great detail, the roles of its domains and how to bind the motif of its target genes are still under debate. The VDR DBD consists of two zinc finger modules and a C-terminal extension (CTE), at the end of the C-terminal of each structure presenting α-helix. For the first zinc finger structure, N37 and S-box take part in forming a dimer with 9-cis retinoid X receptor (RXR), while V26, R50, P-box and S-box participate in binding with VDR response elements (VDRE). For the second zinc finger structure, P61, F62 and H75 are essential in the structure of the VDR homodimer with the residues N37, E92 and F93 of the downstream of partner VDR, which form the inter-DBD interface. T-box of the CTE, especially the F93 and I94, plays a critical role in heterodimerization and heterodimers-VDRE binding. Six essential residues (R102, K103, M106, I107, K109, and R110) of the CTE α-helix of VDR construct one interaction face, which packs against the DBD core of the adjacent symmetry mate. In 1,25(OH)2D3-activated signaling, the VDR-RXR heterodimer may bind to DR3-type VDRE and ER9-type VDREs of its target gene directly resulting in transactivation and also bind to DR3-liked nVDRE of its target gene directly resulting in transrepression. Except for this, 1α,25(OH)2D3 ligand VDR-RXR may bind to 1αnVDRE indirectly through VDIR, resulting in transrepression of the target gene. Upon binding of 1α,25(OH)2D3, VDR can transactivate and transrepress its target genes depending on the DNA motif that DBD binds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yan Wan
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Yan-Qiong Zhang
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang 443002, China.
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Meng-Di Chen
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Chang-Bai Liu
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang 443002, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Jiang-Feng Wu
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang 443002, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Xiling District, Yichang 443002, China.
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9
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Goltzman D. Inferences from genetically modified mouse models on the skeletal actions of vitamin D. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 148:219-24. [PMID: 25237033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D has pleiotropic extra-skeletal effects which have been noted in mouse models of deletion of either the 25-hydroxy vitamin D 1α-hydroxylase enzyme, cyp27b1 (1OHase(-/-) mice) or of the vitamin D receptor (Vdr(-/-) mice); these may be preventable or reversible by either restoring normal signaling of the 1,25(OH)2D/VDR system, or in some cases by restoring normal mineral homeostasis. However, effects on skeletal and mineral homeostasis are clearly the major phenotype observed in humans with loss-of-function mutations in either CYP27B1 or VDR. In mouse phenocopies of these human disorders, correction of hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia reduce elevated circulating parathyroid hormone concentrations and normalize impaired bone mineralization, but restoration of normal 1,25(OH)2D/VDR signaling may be required for optimal bone formation. Induction of high endogenous 1,25(OH)2D concentrations in genetically modified mouse models may cause increased bone resorption and decreased mineralization. Transgenic Vdr overexpression and conditional Vdr deletion in cells of the osteoblastic lineage have also provided insights into the stages of osteoblast differentiation which may mediate these actions. These anabolic and catabolic effects of the 1,25(OH)2D system on bone may therefore be a function of both the ambient concentration of circulating 1,25(OH)2D and the stage of differentiation of the osteoblast. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '17th Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Goltzman
- Calcium Research Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada.
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10
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LaPorta E, Welsh J. Modeling vitamin D actions in triple negative/basal-like breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 144 Pt A:65-73. [PMID: 24239860 PMCID: PMC4021002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with six molecularly defined subtypes, the most aggressive of which are triple negative breast cancers that lack expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) and do not exhibit amplification of the growth factor receptor HER2. Triple negative breast cancers often exhibit basal-like gene signatures and are enriched for CD44+ cancer stem cells. In this report we have characterized the molecular actions of the VDR in a model of triple negative breast cancer. Estrogen independent, invasive mammary tumor cell lines established from wild-type (WT) and VDR knockout (VDRKO) mice were used to demonstrate that VDR is necessary for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) mediated anti-cancer actions in vitro and to identify novel targets of this receptor. Western blotting confirmed differential VDR expression and demonstrated the lack of ER, PR and Her2 in these cell lines. Re-introduction of human VDR (hVDR) into VDRKO cells restored the anti-proliferative actions of 1,25D. Genomic profiling demonstrated that 1,25D failed to alter gene expression in KO240 cells whereas major changes were observed in WT145 cells and in KO clones stably expressing hVDR (KO(hVDR) cells). With a 2-fold cutoff, 117 transcripts in WT145 cells and 197 transcripts in the KO(hVDR) clones were significantly altered by 1,25D. Thirty-five genes were found to be commonly regulated by 1,25D in all VDR-positive cell lines. Of these, we identified a cohort of four genes (Plau, Hbegf, Postn, Has2) that are known to drive breast cancer invasion and metastasis whose expression was markedly down regulated by 1,25D. These data support a model whereby 1,25D coordinately suppresses multiple proteins that are required for survival of triple-negative/basal-like breast cancer cells. Since studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in women with basal-like breast cancer, correction of vitamin D deficiency in these women represents a reasonable, but as yet untested, strategy to delay recurrence and extend survival. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '16th Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika LaPorta
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, USA
| | - JoEllen Welsh
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, USA.
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11
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Goltzman D, Hendy GN, White JH. Vitamin D and its receptor during late development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1849:171-80. [PMID: 24939836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is widespread but may vary depending on the developmental stage of the animal, and therefore may differentially influence phenotypic function. Thus, the major role of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]/VDR system is to regulate mineral and skeletal homeostasis, although mainly after birth. Post-natally, under conditions of low dietary calcium, the 1,25(OH)2D/VDR system enhances intestinal transcellular transport of calcium and possibly paracellular calcium entry by regulating genes that are critical for these functions. This process, by providing adequate calcium, is essential for normal development of the skeletal growth plate and mineralization of bone. Furthermore, blood calcium and phosphorus homeostasis is maintained by an interplay between feedback loops of the 1,25(OH)2D/VDR system with parathyroid hormone and with fibroblast-growth factor (FGF) 23 respectively. The 1,25(OH)2D/VDR system can also modulate the expression of genes involved in both bone formation and resorption post-natally. Ligand independent activity of the VDR normally influences mammalian hair cycling after birth by potentiating Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Nevertheless ligand bound VDR may also modulate epidermal cell proliferation/differentiation by regulating the balance in function of c-MYC and its antagonist the transcriptional repressor MAD1/MXD1 in skin epithelia. The 1,25(OH)2D/VDR system can also modulate innate immune cells and promote a more tolerogenic immunological status and may therefore influence inflammation and the development of autoimmunity; whether this impacts the fetus is uncertain. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Nuclear receptors in animal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Goltzman
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A1A1, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A1A1, Canada
| | - G N Hendy
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A1A1, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A1A1, Canada
| | - J H White
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A1A1, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A1A1, Canada
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