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Applicability of Scrape Loading-Dye Transfer Assay for Non-Genotoxic Carcinogen Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168977. [PMID: 34445682 PMCID: PMC8396440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) is recognized as one of the key hallmarks for identifying non-genotoxic carcinogens (NGTxC). Currently, there is a demand for in vitro assays addressing the gap junction hallmark, which would have the potential to eventually become an integral part of an integrated approach to the testing and assessment (IATA) of NGTxC. The scrape loading-dye transfer (SL-DT) technique is a simple assay for the functional evaluation of GJIC in various in vitro cultured mammalian cells and represents an interesting candidate assay. Out of the various techniques for evaluating GJIC, the SL-DT assay has been used frequently to assess the effects of various chemicals on GJIC in toxicological and tumor promotion research. In this review, we systematically searched the existing literature to gather papers assessing GJIC using the SL-DT assay in a rat liver epithelial cell line, WB-F344, after treating with chemicals, especially environmental and food toxicants, drugs, reproductive-, cardio- and neuro-toxicants and chemical tumor promoters. We discuss findings derived from the SL-DT assay with the known knowledge about the tumor-promoting activity and carcinogenicity of the assessed chemicals to evaluate the predictive capacity of the SL-DT assay in terms of its sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for identifying carcinogens. These data represent important information with respect to the applicability of the SL-DT assay for the testing of NGTxC within the IATA framework.
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Won DH, Hwang DB, Shin YS, Kim SY, Kim C, Hong IS, Kang BC, Che JH, Yun JW. Cellular signaling crosstalk between Wnt signaling and gap junctions inbenzo[a]pyrene toxicity. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 39:165-182. [PMID: 34283317 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is considered a key biological mechanism to maintain homeostasis in cell differentiation and growth. In addition, as another major signaling pathway associated with cell proliferation and differentiation, Wnt/β-catenin signaling appears to trigger several cellular responses against injury. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a known toxic agent, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), on the regulation and interaction between GJIC and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. BaP treatment resulted in GJIC inhibition and decreases the major GJIC protein connexin 43 (Cx43) in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells. We also found BaP-mediated downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling related to the PI3K-Akt pathway. To identify the relationship between GJIC and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, we treated WB-F344 cells with the Wnt agonist CHIR99021 and found that it inhibited GJIC while causing a significant reduction in Cx43 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, through the repression of promoter activity. This Wnt agonist-mediated GJIC inhibition was confirmed using a small interfering RNA directed against the Wnt antagonist Dact2, indicating that Wnt/β-catenin signaling negatively regulates GJIC. Despite the inverse correlation between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and Cx43 promoter activation as indicated by downregulation of β-catenin nuclear translocation and upregulation of Cx43 promoter activation involving HNF3β, BaP treatment decreased the Cx43 protein expression, which was associated with protein degradation, possibly through protein kinase C activation. In conclusion, our results revealed the mechanism of BaP-induced inhibition of GJIC and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. More importantly, linking Wnt/β-catenin signaling to Cx protein expression will have profound implications in understanding the relationships among different major signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation and differentiation in toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hoon Won
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - Da-Bin Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Sub Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - Shin-Young Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - Changuk Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Che
- Biomedical Center for Animal Resource and Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, South Korea. .,Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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Ji X, Chou X, Ge Z, Ding F, Gao H, Wu Q. Benzo[a
]pyrene-decreased gap junctional intercellular communication via calcium/calmodulin signaling increases apoptosis in TM4 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1091-1103. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Ji
- School of Public Health; Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education; 130 Dong An Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xin Chou
- School of Public Health; Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education; 130 Dong An Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Zehe Ge
- School of Public Health; Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education; 130 Dong An Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Fan Ding
- School of Public Health; Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education; 130 Dong An Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Public Health; Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education; 130 Dong An Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Qing Wu
- School of Public Health; Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education; 130 Dong An Road Shanghai 200032 China
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Borský P, Andrýs C, Krejsek J, Hamáková K, Kremláček J, Málková A, Bartošová L, Fiala Z, Palička V, Borská L. Serum Level of Antibodies (IgG, IgM) Against Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide-DNA Adducts in Children Dermatologically Exposed to Coal Tar. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2017; 60:27-31. [PMID: 28467299 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2017.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Crude coal tar (CCT) contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is metabolized into a highly reactive metabolite benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) that is able to bind to DNA and creates BPDE-DNA adducts. Adducted DNA becomes immunogenic and induces immune response by production of antibodies against BPDE-DNA adducts (Ab-BPDE-DNA). Circulating Ab-BPDE-DNA was proposed as potential biomarker of genotoxic exposure to BaP (PAHs). Goeckerman therapy (GT) of psoriasis uses dermal application of CCT ointment (PAHs). In presented study (children with psoriasis treated by GT; n = 19) the therapy significantly increased the level of Ab-BPDE-DNA (EI = 0.29/0.19-0.34 vs. 0.31/0.25-0.40; median/lower-upper quartile; p < 0.01). The results support the idea of Ab-BPDE-DNA level as a possible tentative indicator of exposure, effects and susceptibility of the organism to the exposure of BaP (PAHs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Borský
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ctirad Andrýs
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krejsek
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Květoslava Hamáková
- Clinic of Dermal and Venereal Diseases, Charles University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kremláček
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Málková
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Bartošová
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Fiala
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Palička
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Charles University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Borská
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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