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Li P, Han M, Wang L, Gao C. Serum deprivation protein response intervenes in the proliferation, motility, and extracellular matrix production in keloid fibroblasts by blocking the amplification of TGF-β1/SMAD signal cascade via ERK1/2. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 489:117012. [PMID: 38906511 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.117012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Keloid formation has been linked to abnormal fibroblast function, such as excessive proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. Serum deprivation protein response (SDPR) is a crucial regulator of cellular function under diverse pathological conditions, yet its role in keloid formation remains unknown. The current work investigated the function of SDPR in regulating the proliferation, motility, and ECM production of keloid fibroblasts (KFs), as well as to decipher the mechanisms involved. Analysis of RNA sequencing data from the GEO database demonstrated significant down-regulation of SDPR in KF compared to normal fibroblasts (NFs). This down-regulation was also observed in clinical keloid specimens and isolated KFs. Overexpression of SDPR suppressed the proliferation, motility, and ECM production of KFs, while depletion of SDPR exacerbated the enhancing impact of TGF-β1 on the proliferation, motility, and ECM production of NFs. Mechanistic studies revealed that SDPR overexpression repressed TGF-β/Smad signal cascade activation in KFs along with decreased levels of phosphorylated Samd2/3, while SDPR depletion exacerbated TGF-β/Smad activation in TGF-β1-stimulated NFs. SDPR overexpression also repressed ERK1/2 activation in KFs, while SDPR depletion exacerbated ERK1/2 activation in TGF-β1-stimulated NFs. Inhibition of ERK1/2 abolished SDPR-depletion-induced TGF-β1/Smad activation, cell proliferation, motility, and ECM production in NFs. In conclusion, SDPR represses the proliferation, motility, and ECM production in KFs by blocking the TGF-β1/Smad pathway in an ERK1/2-dependent manner. The findings highlight the role of SDPR in regulating abnormal behaviors of fibroblasts associated with keloid formation and suggest it as a potential target for anti-keloid therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilong Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (Jinan Central Hospital), No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, PR China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (Jinan Central Hospital), No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, PR China
| | - Liaoyi Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (Jinan Central Hospital), No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, PR China
| | - Cong Gao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (Jinan Central Hospital), No. 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, PR China.
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2
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Yang J, Huang J, Wang H, Liu Y, Tang Y, Lin C, Zhou Q, Chen C. Expression of the Cavin Family in Childhood Leukemia and Its Implications in Subtype Diagnosis and Prognosis Evaluation. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:815421. [PMID: 35722492 PMCID: PMC9203855 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.815421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caveolae are plasma membrane subdomains of many mammalian cells that play critical roles in cellular processes, including endocytosis, signal transduction and tumorigenesis. Cavin proteins are essential for caveola formation, structure and function and are reported to be involved in various human diseases, but little is known about their expression and prognostic value in leukemia. METHODS We performed a detailed analysis of Cavin family mRNA expression levels in different cancer tissues vs. normal tissues via the ONCOMINE, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) databases. Then, we used qRT-PCR and Western blotting to validate Cavin1-4 expression in 10 fresh leukemia samples. Moreover, we estimated their prognostic value in leukemia with the R programming language and GEPIA database. RESULTS The expression of Cavin members is low in most human cancers, especially in leukemia. Cavin-1 and Cavin-2 are often more expressed in myeloid leukemia than lymphoblastic leukemia, but Cavin-4 has the opposite pattern. Interestingly, low expression of CAVIN1 and CAVIN4 is correlated with poorer outcome but low CAVIN2 expression is associated with a significantly better leukemia prognosis in leukemia. CONCLUSION The Cavin family showed significant expression differences between leukemia and normal cells. High Cavin-2 and low Cavin-4 levels predict poor survival and could be promising subtype diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junbin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huabin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanlai Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Peng M, Ye L, Yang L, Liu X, Chen Y, Huang G, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Li D, He J, Qiu Z, Xiang T, Guo S. CAVIN2 is frequently silenced by CpG methylation and sensitizes lung cancer cells to paclitaxel and 5-FU. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1793-1810. [PMID: 33016107 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore the biological functions and clinical significance of CAVIN2 in lung cancer. Materials & methods: Methylation-specific PCR was used to measure promoter methylation of CAVIN2. The function of CAVIN2 was tested by Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, Transwell, flow cytometric analysis, acridine orange/ethidium bromide, chemosensitivity assay and xenograft assay. Results: CAVIN2 is significantly downregulated by promoter methylation in lung cancer. CAVIN2 overexpression inhibits lung cancer cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, ectopic expression of CAVIN2 inhibits cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest, which sensitizes the chemosensitivity of lung cancer cells to paclitaxel and 5-fluorouracil, but not cisplatin. Conclusion: CAVIN2 is a tumor suppressor in non-small-cell lung cancer and can sensitize lung cancer cells to paclitaxel and 5-fluorouracil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Peng
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology & Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinzhu Liu
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Guichuan Huang
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology & Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology & Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dairong Li
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jin He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology & Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhu Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology & Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology & Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shuliang Guo
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Wang X, Arcani DMC, Zhao J, Xu M, Zhou X, Yang Y. Prognostic and diagnostic significance of Cavin 2 in lung adenocarcinoma. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:1189-1195. [PMID: 32864008 PMCID: PMC7444728 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.85347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cavin 2 down-regulation is reported in several malignant tumors and is associated with tumor progression. However, the role of Cavin 2 in lung adenocarcinoma is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic and diagnostic significance of Cavin 2 in lung adenocarcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cavin 2 expression levels were examined in 150 cases of lung adenocarcinoma and matched adjacent normal lung tissues using RNA extraction and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. Then, the relationship of Cavin 2 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and patients' survival was further evaluated in lung adenocarcinoma. RESULTS QPCR and Western blotting analysis indicated that Cavin 2 expression levels were significantly lower in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared with those in adjacent normal lung tissues (p < 0.0001). The IHC results showed that positive expression of Cavin 2 was mainly located in cytoplasm as brown, but was hard to detect in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. The low-expression rates of Cavin 2 in lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal lung tissues were 62.0% and 20.0%, respectively, and the difference was significant (p < 0.0001). Lower expression of Cavin 2 was significantly associated with tumor size, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Cavin 2 has low expression in lung adenocarcinoma, which might be regarded as a potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianguo Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan City, Hubei, China
| | - Diana Maria Cespedes Arcani
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan City, Hubei, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan City, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan City, Hubei, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan City, Hubei, China
| | - Yibin Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan City, Hubei, China
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5
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Zhu J, Wang L, Liao R. Long non-coding RNA SDPR-AS affects the development of non-small cell lung cancer by regulating SDPR through p38 MAPK/ERK signals. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:3172-3179. [PMID: 31352804 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1642904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of ICU, The People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo City, Jiaozuo, Hebei, China
| | - Ruomin Liao
- Department of Respiratory, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Gongji Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Tahara S, Nojima S, Ohshima K, Hori Y, Kurashige M, Wada N, Motoyama Y, Okuzaki D, Ikeda JI, Morii E. Serum deprivation-response protein regulates aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 through integrin-linked kinase signaling in endometrioid carcinoma cells. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1804-1813. [PMID: 30907484 PMCID: PMC6500992 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrioid carcinoma (EC) is one of the most common malignancies of the female genital system. We reported previously that aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), a predominant isoform of the ALDH family in mammals and a potential marker of normal and malignant stem cells, is related to the tumorigenic potential of EC. We compared the levels of various proteins in human EC cells with high and low ALDH1 expression using shotgun proteomics and found that serum deprivation‐response protein (SDPR) was preferentially expressed in cells with high ALDH1 expression. Also known as cavin‐2, SDPR is a member of the cavin protein family, which is required for the formation of caveolae. Using SDPR‐knockout EC cells generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we revealed that SDPR was correlated with invasion, migration, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and colony formation, as well as the expression of ALDH1. RNA sequencing showed that integrin‐linked kinase (ILK) signaling is involved in the effect of SDPR on ALDH1. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the localization of ILK at the cell cortex was disrupted by SDPR knockout, potentially interfering with ILK signaling. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis of clinical samples showed that SDPR is related to histological characteristics associated with invasiveness, such as poor differentiation, lymphatic invasion, and the microcystic, elongated, and fragmented histopathological pattern. This is, to our knowledge, the first report that SDPR is related to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Tahara
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nojima
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yumiko Hori
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Kurashige
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Wada
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Motoyama
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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7
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Luo Y, Wu J, Wu Q, Li X, Wu J, Zhang J, Rong X, Rao J, Liao Y, Bin J, Huang N, Liao W. miR-577 Regulates TGF-β Induced Cancer Progression through a SDPR-Modulated Positive-Feedback Loop with ERK-NF-κB in Gastric Cancer. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1166-1182. [PMID: 30879950 PMCID: PMC6554531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) drives epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), playing vital roles in cancer metastasis. The crosstalk between microRNAs (miRNAs) and TGF-β are frequently observed and involved in TGF-β-induced EMT. Here, we determine that miR-577 is significantly upregulated in gastric cancer (GC). miR-577 expression is positively correlated with GC metastasis status and poor patient prognosis. Functional assays demonstrate that miR-577 promotes metastasis and chemoresistance by inducing EMT and stemness-like properties. Moreover, TGF-β promotes the expression of miR-577, and miR-577 participates TGF-β-mediated cancer metastasis. Mechanistically, TGF-β activates miR-577 via NF-κB-mediated transcription, and miR-577 enhances TGF-β signaling by targeting the serum deprivation protein response (SDPR), which directly interacts with ERK to inactivate the ERK-NF-κB pathway, hence forming a feedback loop to drive tumor metastasis. A plausible mechanism of EMT induction by the TGF-β network is elucidated. Our findings suggest that the TGF-β-miR-577-SDPR axis may be a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target against cancer metastasis in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Luo
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qianying Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiani Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Rong
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jingjun Rao
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Huang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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8
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Critical role of deoxynucleotidyl transferase terminal interacting protein 1 in oral cancer. J Transl Med 2018; 98:980-988. [PMID: 29855544 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynucleotidyl transferase terminal interacting protein 1 (DNTTIP1) forms a complex with histone deacetylase (HDAC); however, the relevance of DNTTIP1 in cancer remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine DNTTIP1 expression and its functional mechanisms in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). DNTTIP1 expression was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting analysis, and immunohistochemistry. The expression of DNTTIP1 was upregulated significantly in vitro and in vivo, and in patients with OSCC in whom DNTTIP1 was overexpressed and the expression level was correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with tumoral growth. DNTTIP1 knockdown (siDNTTIP1) cells showed depressed cellular proliferation by cell-cycle arrest at the G1 phase with high acetylation of p53 and upregulation of p21Cip1. Moreover, resveratrol, a HDAC inhibitor, controlled not only acetylated p53 status but also DNTTIP1 expression, leading to a similar phenotype of siDNTTIP1 cells. A marked (P < 0.05) reduction of tumoral growth in mouse xenograft models was observed with lower DNTTIP1 expression under the presence of this chemical reagent. Taken together, our results suggested that DNTTIP1-HDAC interaction promotes tumoral growth through deacetylation of p53 and that DNTTIP1 might be a critical therapeutic target in OSCCs.
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9
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Kitajima D, Kasamatsu A, Nakashima D, Miyamoto I, Kimura Y, Endo-Sakamoto Y, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H, Uzawa K. Evidence for critical role of Tie2/Ang1 interaction in metastatic oral cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7237-7242. [PMID: 29731883 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) is a binding partner of endothelial cell-specific tyrosine-protein kinase receptor (Tie2), which serves important roles in vascular development and angiogenesis. Tie2 is closely associated with the metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) however, little is known about the correlation between Tie2 and Ang1. In the present study, the functional mechanisms of the Tie2/Ang1 interaction were investigated using Tie2 overexpressed (oeTie2) OSCC cells and recombinant Ang1 protein. oeTie2 cells had increased cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesions compared with the control cells. Additionally, the adhesive activities increased following treatment with exogenous Ang1, indicating that Ang1 directly enhances Tie2 functions. In the clinical OSCC data from 10 cases positive for regional lymph node metastasis, all cases were negative for Tie2 expression and eight cases (80%) were negative for Ang1 expression. These results suggest that Tie2 and Ang1 serve important roles in cancer metastasis and may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for OSCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kitajima
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Dai Nakashima
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Isao Miyamoto
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yosuke Endo-Sakamoto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiiba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Uzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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10
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Retzbach EP, Sheehan SA, Nevel EM, Batra A, Phi T, Nguyen ATP, Kato Y, Baredes S, Fatahzadeh M, Shienbaum AJ, Goldberg GS. Podoplanin emerges as a functionally relevant oral cancer biomarker and therapeutic target. Oral Oncol 2018; 78:126-136. [PMID: 29496040 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer has become one of the most aggressive types of cancer, killing 140,000 people worldwide every year. Current treatments for oral cancer include surgery and radiation therapies. These procedures can be very effective; however, they can also drastically decrease the quality of life for survivors. New chemotherapeutic treatments are needed to more effectively combat oral cancer. The transmembrane receptor podoplanin (PDPN) has emerged as a functionally relevant oral cancer biomarker and chemotherapeutic target. PDPN expression promotes tumor cell migration leading to oral cancer invasion and metastasis. Here, we describe the role of PDPN in oral squamous cell carcinoma progression, and how it may be exploited to prevent and treat oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P Retzbach
- Department of Molecular Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Stephanie A Sheehan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Evan M Nevel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Amber Batra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Tran Phi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Angels T P Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Yukinari Kato
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University; Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Soly Baredes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Mahnaz Fatahzadeh
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, New Jersey School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
| | - Alan J Shienbaum
- Department of Pathology, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Gary S Goldberg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
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11
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Kita A, Kasamatsu A, Nakashima D, Endo-Sakamoto Y, Ishida S, Shimizu T, Kimura Y, Miyamoto I, Yoshimura S, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H, Uzawa K. Activin B Regulates Adhesion, Invasiveness, and Migratory Activities in Oral Cancer: a Potential Biomarker for Metastasis. J Cancer 2017; 8:2033-2041. [PMID: 28819404 PMCID: PMC5559965 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin B, a homodimer of inhibin beta b (INHBB), is a multifunctional cytokine belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family. However, the molecular functions and clinical relevance of activin B have not been determined in oral cancer. We investigated the critical roles of activin B in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We performed quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry to study INHBB expression in OSCC-derived cell lines and OSCC clinical samples. The INHBB expression levels were significantly (P < 0.05) overexpressed in OSCCs compared to normal counterparts in vitro and in vivo. Activin B-positivity in OSCC cases was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with regional lymph node metastasis. The INHBB knockdown (shINHBB) cells promoted cellular adhesion and suppression of cellular invasiveness and migration. After treatment of shINHBB cells with activin B, those activities were restored similar to the shMock cells. In the processes of invasiveness and metastasis, the cells cause epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). TGF-β and its family members are promoters of the EMT process. To investigate whether activin B is related to EMT, we examined the expressions of EMT-related genes and found that INHBB was related closely to EMT. Our results suggested for the first time that activin B indicates tumoral metastasis in OSCCs and might be a useful biomarker for OSCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Kita
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Dai Nakashima
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yosuke Endo-Sakamoto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Sho Ishida
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Shimizu
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Kashima Rosai Hospital, 1-9108-2 Doaihoncho, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0343, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kimura
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Isao Miyamoto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Fukaya Hospital, 5-6-1 Kamishibachonishi, Fukaya, Saitama, 366-0052 Japan
| | - Shusaku Yoshimura
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiiba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Uzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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12
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Annabi B, Zgheib A, Annabi B. Cavin-2 Functions as a Suppressive Regulator in TNF-induced Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Inflammation and Angiogenic Phenotypes. Int J Stem Cells 2017; 10:103-113. [PMID: 28024316 PMCID: PMC5488782 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α activation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) enhances their tumour-suppressive properties and tumour-homing ability. The molecular actors involved are unknown. We found that TNF induced MSC migration and tubulogenesis which correlated with a dose-dependent increase in Cavin-1 and Cavin-3 transcript levels. TNF triggered cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression, whereas specific siRNA-mediated gene silencing of Cavin-2 resulted in an amplified COX-2 expression, tubulogenesis, and migratory response partially due to a rapid and sustained increase in NF-κB phosphorylation status. Our results highlight a suppressive role for the caveolar component Cavin-2 in the angiogenic and inflammatory regulation of TNF-activated MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayader Annabi
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Centre de recherche BIOMED, Université du Québec à Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Physiologie Moléculaire et Intégrative, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alain Zgheib
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Centre de recherche BIOMED, Université du Québec à Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Borhane Annabi
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Centre de recherche BIOMED, Université du Québec à Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Koide N, Kasamatsu A, Endo-Sakamoto Y, Ishida S, Shimizu T, Kimura Y, Miyamoto I, Yoshimura S, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H, Uzawa K. Evidence for Critical Role of Lymphocyte Cytosolic Protein 1 in Oral Cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43379. [PMID: 28230172 PMCID: PMC5322526 DOI: 10.1038/srep43379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1 (LCP1), a member of actin-binding protein of the plastin family, has been identified in several malignant tumors of non-hematopoietic sites, such as the colon, prostate, and breast. However, little is known about the roles of LCP1 in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). This present study sought to clarify the clinical relevance of LCP1 in OSCCs and investigate possible clinical applications for treating OSCCs by regulating LCP1 expression. We found up-regulation of LCP1in OSCCs compared with normal counterparts using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry (P < 0.05). We used shRNA models for LCP1 (shLCP1) and enoxacin (ENX), a fluoroquinolone antibiotic drug, as a regulator of LCP1 expression. In addition to the LCP1 knockdown experiments in which shLCP1 cells showed several depressed functions, including cellular proliferation, invasiveness, and migratory activities, ENX-treated cells also had attenuated functions. Consistent with our hypothesis from our in vitro data, LCP1-positive OSCC samples were correlated closely with the primary tumoral size and regional lymph node metastasis. These results suggested that LCP1 is a useful biomarker for determining progression of OSCCs and that ENX might be a new therapeutic agent for treating OSCCs by controlling LCP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Koide
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Endo-Sakamoto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sho Ishida
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Yasushi Kimura
- Department of Oral and maxillofacial Surgery Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Isao Miyamoto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Fukaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shusaku Yoshimura
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiiba
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Uzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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14
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Kimura Y, Kasamatsu A, Nakashima D, Yamatoji M, Minakawa Y, Koike K, Fushimi K, Higo M, Endo-Sakamoto Y, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H, Uzawa K. ARNT2 Regulates Tumoral Growth in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2016; 7:702-10. [PMID: 27076852 PMCID: PMC4829557 DOI: 10.7150/jca.14208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) 2 is a transcriptional factor related to adaptive responses against cellular stress from a xenobiotic substance. Recent evidence indicates ARNT is involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression; however, little is known about the relevance of ARNT2 in the behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In the current study, we evaluated the ARNT2 mRNA and protein expression levels in OSCC in vitro and in vivo and the clinical relationship between ARNT2 expression levels in primary OSCCs and their clinicopathologic status by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. Using ARNT2 overexpression models, we performed functional analyses to investigate the critical roles of ARNT2 in OSCC. ARNT2 mRNA and protein were down-regulated significantly (P < 0.05 for both comparisons) in nine OSCC-derived cells and primary OSCC (n=100 patients) compared with normal counterparts. In addition to the data from exogenous experiments that ARNT2-overexpressed cells showed decreased cellular proliferation, ARNT2-positive OSCC cases were correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with tumoral size. Since von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, a negative regulator of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1)-α, is a downstream molecule of ARNT2, we speculated that HIF1-α and its downstream molecules would have key functions in cellular growth. Consistent with our hypothesis, overexpressed ARNT2 cells showed down-regulation of HIF1-α, which causes hypofunctioning of glucose transporter 1, leading to decreased cellular growth. Our results proposed for the first time that the ARNT2 level is an indicator of cellular proliferation in OSCCs. Therefore, ARNT2 may be a potential therapeutic target against progression of OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Kimura
- 1. Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- 2. Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Dai Nakashima
- 2. Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masanobu Yamatoji
- 2. Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Minakawa
- 1. Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Koike
- 2. Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Fushimi
- 2. Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Morihiro Higo
- 2. Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yosuke Endo-Sakamoto
- 2. Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiiba
- 3. Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanzawa
- 1. Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;; 2. Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Uzawa
- 1. Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;; 2. Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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15
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Kitajima D, Kasamatsu A, Nakashima D, Miyamoto I, Kimura Y, Saito T, Suzuki T, Endo-Sakamoto Y, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H, Uzawa K. Tie2 Regulates Tumor Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas. J Cancer 2016; 7:600-7. [PMID: 27053959 PMCID: PMC4820737 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial-specific receptor, tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like loops and epidermal growth factor homology domains-2 (Tie2) is a member of the tyrosine kinase family and is ubiquitous in normal tissues; however, little is known about the mechanisms and roles of Tie2 in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). In the current study, we investigated the expression status of Tie2 in OSCCs by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry and the functional mechanisms of Tie2 using its overexpressed OSCC (oeTie2) cells and Tie2 blocking by its antibody. We found that Tie2 expression was down-regulated significantly (p < 0.05) in OSCCs compared with normal counterparts in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, oeTie2 cells showed higher cellular adhesion (p < 0.05) and lower cellular invasion (p < 0.05) compared with control cells; whereas there was similar cellular proliferation in both transfectants. Furthermore, cellular adhesion was inhibited and invasion was activated by Tie2 function-blocking antibody (p < 0.05), indicating that Tie2 directly regulates cellular adhesion and invasion. As expected, among the clinical variables analyzed, Tie2-positivity in patients with OSCC was correlated closely with negative lymph node metastasis. These results suggested for the first time that Tie2 plays an important role in tumor metastasis and may be a potential biomarker for OSCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kitajima
- 1. Department of Oral Science Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- 2. Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Dai Nakashima
- 1. Department of Oral Science Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Isao Miyamoto
- 1. Department of Oral Science Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kimura
- 1. Department of Oral Science Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Saito
- 1. Department of Oral Science Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | | | - Yosuke Endo-Sakamoto
- 2. Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiiba
- 4. Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanzawa
- 1. Department of Oral Science Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;; 2. Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Uzawa
- 1. Department of Oral Science Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;; 2. Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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