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Tartakover Matalon S, Azar S, Meiri D, Hadar R, Nemirovski A, Abu Jabal N, Konikoff FM, Drucker L, Tam J, Naftali T. Endocannabinoid Levels in Ulcerative Colitis Patients Correlate With Clinical Parameters and Are Affected by Cannabis Consumption. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:685289. [PMID: 34531823 PMCID: PMC8438407 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.685289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic, idiopathic, inflammatory, gastrointestinal disorders. The endocannabinoid system may have a role in the pathogenesis of IBD. We aimed to assess whether cannabis treatment influences endocannabinoids (eCBs) level and clinical symptoms of IBD patients. METHODS Blood samples and biopsies were taken from IBD patients treated by either cannabis or placebo for 8 weeks. Immunohistochemistry for N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-selective phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) expression was done on colon biopsies, and sample levels of anandamide (AEA), eCB2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), arachidonic acid (AA), palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), and oleoylethanolamine (OEA) were measured in patient's sera before and after cannabis treatment. Caco-2 cells were cultured with extracts of cannabis with/without tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and their proteins extracted, and Western blotting for NAPE-PLD and FAAH expression was done. RESULTS Thirteen patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and nine patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) were treated with cannabis. Seventeen patients with CD and 10 with UC served as placebo groups. In all CD patients, the levels of eCBs remained unaltered during the treatment period. In UC patients treated with placebo, but not in those treated with cannabis, the levels of PEA, AEA, and AA decreased significantly. The percent reduction in bowel movements was negatively correlated with changes observed in the circulating AEA and OEA, whereas improvement in quality of life was positively correlated with the levels of 2-AG. In the biopsies from UC patients, FAAH levels increased over the study period. In Caco-2 cells, both cannabis extracts increased NAPE-PLD levels but reduced FAAH expression levels. CONCLUSION Our study supports the notion that cannabis use affects eCB "tone" in UC patients and may have beneficial effects on disease symptoms in UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Tartakover Matalon
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Shahar Azar
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Meiri
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rivka Hadar
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alina Nemirovski
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Narjes Abu Jabal
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Fred Meir Konikoff
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Liat Drucker
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Timna Naftali
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- *Correspondence: Timna Naftali,
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Shochet GE, Pomerantz A, Shitrit D, Bardenstein-Wald B, Ask K, Surber M, Rabinowicz N, Levy Y, Benchetrit S, Edelstein E, Zitman-Gal T. Galectin-3 levels are elevated following nintedanib treatment. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2020; 11:2040622320968412. [PMID: 33708368 PMCID: PMC7907712 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320968412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common and severe form of pulmonary fibrosis. Nintedanib, a triple angiokinase inhibitor, is approved for treating IPF. Galectin 3 (Gal-3) activates a variety of profibrotic processes. Currently, the Gal-3 inhibitor TD139 is being tested in phase II clinical trials. Since this treatment is given ‘on top’ of nintedanib, it is important to estimate its effect on Gal-3 levels. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of nintedanib on Gal-3 expression using both in vitro and in vivo models, in addition to serum samples from patients with IPF. Methods: Gal-3 levels were evaluated in IPF and control tissue samples, primary human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) following nintedanib treatment (10–100 nM, quantitative polymerase chain reaction), and in a silica-induced fibrosis mouse model with/without nintedanib (0.021–0.21 mg/kg) by immunohistochemistry. In addition, Gal-3 levels were analyzed in serum samples from 41 patients with interstitial lung disease patients with/without nintedanib treatment by ELISA. Results: Nintedanib addition to HLFs resulted in significant elevations in Gal-3, phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3), as well as IL-8 mRNA levels (p < 0.05). Gal-3 expression was higher in samples from IPF patients compared with non-IPF controls at the protein and mRNA levels (p < 0.05). In the in vivo mouse model, Gal-3 levels were increased following fibrosis induction and even further increased with the addition of nintedanib, mostly in macrophages (p < 0.05). Patients receiving nintedanib presented with higher Gal-3 serum levels compared with those who did not receive nintedanib (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Nintedanib elevates Gal-3 levels in both experimental models, along with patient samples. These findings highlight the possibility of using combined inhibition therapy for patients with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gali Epstein Shochet
- Pulmonary Department, Meir Medical Center, 59 Tchernichovsky Street, Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel
| | - Alon Pomerantz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Shitrit
- Pulmonary Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | | | - Kjetil Ask
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Noa Rabinowicz
- Internal Medicine E Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Yair Levy
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Tali Zitman-Gal
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Epstein-Shochet G, Pham S, Beck S, Naiel S, Mekhael O, Revill S, Hayat A, Vierhout M, Bardestein-Wald B, Shitrit D, Ask K, Montgomery AB, Kolb MR, Surber MW. Inhalation: A means to explore and optimize nintedanib's pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2020; 63:101933. [PMID: 32750409 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2020.101933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral nintedanib is marketed for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). While effective slowing fibrosis progression, as an oral medicine nintedanib is limited. To reduce side effects and maximize efficacy, nintedanib was reformulated as a solution for nebulization and inhaled administration. To predict effectiveness treating IPF, the nintedanib pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship was dissected. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated oral-delivered nintedanib plasma exposure and lung tissue partitioning were not dose-proportional and resulting lung levels were substantially higher than blood. Although initial-oral absorbed nintedanib efficiently partitioned into the lung, only a quickly eliminated fraction appeared available to epithelial lining fluid (ELF). Because IPF disease appears to initiate and progress near the epithelial surface, this observation suggests short duration nintedanib exposure (oral portion efficiently partitioned to ELF) is sufficient for IPF efficacy. To test this hypothesis, exposure duration required for nintedanib activity was explored. In vitro, IPF-cellular matrix (IPF-CM) increased primary normal human fibroblast (nHLF) aggregate size and reduced nHLF cell count. IPF-CM also increased nHLF ACTA2 and COL1A expression. Whether short duration (inhalation pharmacokinetic mimic) or continuous exposure (oral pharmacokinetic mimic), nintedanib (1-100 nM) reversed these effects. In vivo, intubated silica produced a strong pulmonary fibrotic response. Once-daily (QD) 0.021, 0.21 and 2.1 mg/kg intranasal (IN; short duration inhaled exposure) and twice-daily (BID) 30 mg/kg oral (PO; long duration oral exposure) showed that at equivalent-delivered lung exposure, QD short duration inhaled nintedanib (0.21 mg/kg IN vs. 30 mg/kg PO) exhibited equivalent-to-superior activity as BID oral (reduced silica-induced elastance, alpha-smooth muscle actin, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and soluble collagen). Comparatively, the increased inhaled lung dose (2.1 mg/kg IN vs. 30 mg/kg PO) exhibited increased effect by further reducing silica-induced elastance, IL-1β and soluble collagen. Neither oral nor inhaled nintedanib reduced silica-induced parenchymal collagen. Both QD inhaled and BID oral nintedanib reduced silica-induced bronchoalveolar lavage fluid macrophage and neutrophil counts with oral achieving significance. In summary, pharmacokinetic elements important for nintedanib activity can be delivered using infrequent, small inhaled doses to achieve oral equivalent-to-superior pulmonary activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gali Epstein-Shochet
- Meir Medical Center, Pulmonary Department, Kfar Saba, 4428164, Israel; Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Stephen Pham
- Avalyn Pharma, 701 Pike Street, Suite 1500, Seattle, WA, 98101, United States
| | - Steven Beck
- Avalyn Pharma, 701 Pike Street, Suite 1500, Seattle, WA, 98101, United States
| | - Safaa Naiel
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | | | | | - Aaron Hayat
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | | | | | - David Shitrit
- Meir Medical Center, Pulmonary Department, Kfar Saba, 4428164, Israel; Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Kjetil Ask
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada; Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - A Bruce Montgomery
- Avalyn Pharma, 701 Pike Street, Suite 1500, Seattle, WA, 98101, United States
| | - Martin R Kolb
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada; Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Mark W Surber
- Avalyn Pharma, 701 Pike Street, Suite 1500, Seattle, WA, 98101, United States.
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Shochet GE, Brook E, Bardenstein-Wald B, Grobe H, Edelstein E, Israeli-Shani L, Shitrit D. Integrin alpha-5 silencing leads to myofibroblastic differentiation in IPF-derived human lung fibroblasts. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2020; 11:2040622320936023. [PMID: 32637060 PMCID: PMC7315658 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320936023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: The term ‘fibroblast’ covers a heterogeneous cell population in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The fibroblasts are considered as main effector cells, because they promote disease progression by releasing exaggerated amounts of extracellular matrix proteins and modifying cell microenvironment. As IPF-derived human lung fibroblasts (IPF-HLFs) were shown to express higher levels of integrin alpha-5 (ITGA5) than normal derived HLFs (N-HLFs), we explored the importance of ITGA5 to IPF progression. Methods: IPF-HLF and N-HLF primary cultures were established. ITGA5 was silenced by specific small interfering RNA (siRNA)s and its effects on cell phenotype (e.g. cell number, size, cell death, migration) and gene expression (e.g. RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction [qPCR], western blot and immunofluorescence) were tested. Specific integrin expression was evaluated in IPF patient formalin-fixed paraffin embedded sections by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: ITGA5-silencing resulted in reduced IPF-HLF proliferation rates and cell migration (p < 0.05), as well as elevated cell death. transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) targets (e.g. Fibronectin (FN1), Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), TGFB1) were surprisingly elevated following ITGA5 silencing (p < 0.05). N-HLFs, however, were only slightly affected. Interestingly, ITGA5-silenced cells differentiated into myofibroblasts (e.g. elevated alpha-smooth muscle actin [αSMA], collagen1a, large cell size). RNA-sequencing revealed that following differentiation on 3D-Matrigel for 24 h, ITGA5 levels are reduced while integrin alpha-8 (ITGA8) are elevated in IPF-HLFs. This was confirmed in IPF patients, in which ITGA5 was mainly found in fibroblastic foci, while ITGA8 was mostly observed in old fibrous tissue in the same patient. Conclusions: ITGA5 expression facilitates a more aggressive proliferative phenotype. Downregulation of this integrin results in myofibroblastic differentiation, which is accompanied by elevated ITGA8. Specific targeting could present a therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gali Epstein Shochet
- Pulmonary Medicine Department, Meir Medical Department, 59 Tchernichovsky St., Kfar Saba 44281, Israel Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elizabetha Brook
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Hanna Grobe
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Evgeny Edelstein
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Pathology Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Lilach Israeli-Shani
- Pulmonary Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Shitrit
- Pulmonary Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Tartakover Matalon S, Ringel Y, Konikoff F, Drucker L, Pery S, Naftali T. Cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist promotes parameters implicated in mucosal healing in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. United European Gastroenterol J 2019; 8:271-283. [PMID: 32213014 DOI: 10.1177/2050640619889773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis benefits patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Cannabinoid receptors are expressed in gut immune cells and in epithelial cells of inflamed guts. Mucosal healing (MH) requires epithelial layer restoration. OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of CB2 agonist on parameters implicated in gut inflammation and MH. METHODS Mucosal samples from areas of inflamed/uninflamed colon from 16 patients with IBD were cultured without/with cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonist (JWH-133, 10 µM, 6 hours (hr)), and analyzed for epithelial/stromal cell proliferation, apoptosis (secretome matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) activity, which impairs epithelial permeability) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels (n = 5-9). In addition, Caco-2 (colon carcinoma epithelial cells) were cultured with biopsy secretomes (48 hr), and analyzed for phenotype and protein markers of proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), autophagy (LC3IIB) and permeability (Zonula occludens-1) (n = 4-6). RESULTS Uninflamed tissue had higher epithelial proliferation (Ki67: 50%↑, p < 0.05), and reduced secretome MMP9 activity and IL-8 levels (>50%↓, p < 0.05) compared to inflamed tissue. Treatment with CB2 agonist had no effect on epithelial apoptosis, but increased epithelial Ki67 expression (25%), and reduced secretome MMP9 and IL-8 levels in inflamed biopsies. Secretomes of CB2-treated biopsies increased Caco-2 number, migration, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and LC3IIB expression (all, p < 0.05), but had no effect on ZO-1. CONCLUSION Using ex vivo and in vitro human models, we demonstrated that manipulating the cannabinoid system affects colon cells and secretome characteristics that facilitate MH in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Tartakover Matalon
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Ringel
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4107 Bioinformatics Building, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7080, USA
| | - Fred Konikoff
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Liat Drucker
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Oncogenetics Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Shaul Pery
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Timna Naftali
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
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Dabbah M, Jarchowsky-Dolberg O, Attar-Schneider O, Tartakover Matalon S, Pasmanik-Chor M, Drucker L, Lishner M. Multiple myeloma BM-MSCs increase the tumorigenicity of MM cells via transfer of VLA4-enriched microvesicles. Carcinogenesis 2019; 41:100-110. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) cells accumulate in the bone marrow (BM) where their interactions impede disease therapy. We have shown that microvesicles (MVs) derived from BM mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of MM patients promote the malignant traits via modulation of translation initiation (TI), whereas MVs from normal donors (ND) do not. Here, we observed that this phenomenon is contingent on a MVs’ protein constituent, and determined correlations between the MVs from the tumor microenvironment, for example, MM BM-MSCs and patients’ clinical characteristics. BM-MSCs’ MVs (ND/MM) proteomes were assayed (mass spectrometry) and compared. Elevated integrin CD49d (X80) and CD29 (X2) was determined in MM-MSCs’ MVs and correlated with patients’ staging and treatment response (free light chain, BM plasma cells count, stage, response to treatment). BM-MSCs’ MVs uptake into MM cell lines was assayed (flow cytometry) with/without integrin inhibitors (RGD, natalizumab, and anti-CD29 monoclonal antibody) and recipient cells were analyzed for cell count, migration, MAPKs, TI, and drug response (doxorubicin, Velcade). Their inhibition, particularly together, attenuated the uptake of MM-MSCs MVs (but not ND-MSCs MVs) into MM cells and reduced MM cells’ signaling, phenotype, and increased drug response. This study exposed a critical novel role for CD49d/CD29 on MM-MSCs MVs and presented a discriminate method to inhibit cancer promoting action of MM-MSCs MVs while retaining the anticancer function of ND-MSCs-MVs. Moreover, these findings demonstrate yet again the intricacy of the microenvironment involvement in the malignant process and highlight new therapeutic avenues to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Dabbah
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Kfar Saba
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Liat Drucker
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Kfar Saba
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Lishner
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Kfar Saba
- Hematology Unit, Kfar Saba
- Research Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Prospective molecular mechanism of COL5A1 in breast cancer based on a microarray, RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:151-175. [PMID: 31059074 PMCID: PMC6549075 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) has a complex etiology and pathogenesis, and is the most common malignant tumor type in females, in USA in 2018, yet its relevant molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. The collagen type V α-1 chain (COL5A1) gene is differentially expressed in renal and ovarian cancer. Using bioinformatics methods, COL5A1 was determined to also be a significant gene in BC, but its association with BC has not been sufficiently reported. COL5A1 microarray and relevant clinical data were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus, The Cancer Genome Atlas and other databases to summarize COL5A1 expression in BC and its subtypes at the mRNA and protein levels. All associated information was comprehensively analyzed by various software. The clinical significance of the mutation was obtained via the cBioPortal. Furthermore, Gene Ontology functional annotation and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were also performed to investigate the mechanism of COL5A1 in BC. Immunohistochemistry was also conducted to detect and confirm COL5A1 expression. It was determined that COL5A1 was highly expressed in BC tissues, compared with normal tissues at the mRNA level [standard mean difference, 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.60-1.07; P=0.108]. The area under the summary receiver operator characteristic curve for COL5A1 was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.84-0.90). COL5A1 expression was altered in 32/817 (4%) sequenced samples. KEGG analysis confirmed the most notable pathways, including focal adhesion, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Immunohistochemical detection was used to verify the expression of COL5A1 in 136 selected cases of invasive BC tissues and 55 cases of adjacent normal tissues, while the rate of high expression of COL5A1 in BC was up to 90.4%. These results indicated that COL5A1 is highly expressed at the mRNA and protein levels in BC, and the prognosis of patients with BC with high COL5A1 expression may be reduced; therefore, COL5A1 may be used independently or combined with other detection factors in BC diagnosis.
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Komemi O, Shochet GE, Pomeranz M, Fishman A, Pasmanik-Chor M, Drucker L, Matalon ST, Lishner M. Placenta-conditioned extracellular matrix (ECM) activates breast cancer cell survival mechanisms: A key for future distant metastases. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:1633-1644. [PMID: 30194759 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) affects cancer cell characteristics. Inability of normal epithelial cells to attach to the ECM induces apoptosis (anoikis). Cancer cells are often anoikis resistant, a prerequisite for their metastatic spread. Previously we demonstrated that the placenta manipulates its surrounding ECM in a way that prevents breast cancer cells (BCCL) attachment and induces their motility and aggregation. This fits with the fact that although breast cancer during pregnancy is often advanced, metastasis to the placenta is rarely observed. Placental intervillous space provides suitable conditions for cancer cell arrival. Yet, the outcome of the short communication between the placental ECM to the BCCL and its effect on BCCL malignant potential are unknown, and are the focus of our study. In the current study we analyzed the effect of placental ECM on BCCL survival pathways and drug resistance. Microarray analysis suggested activation of the NF-κB and stress response pathways. Indeed, the placenta-conditioned ECM induced autophagy in ERα + BCCL, inactivated the NF-κB inhibitor (IκB) and increased integrin α5 in the BCCL. The autophagy mediated MCF-7 and T47D migration and the placental ECM-BCCL interactions reduced the BCCL sensitivity to Taxol. We also demonstrated by using siRNA that integrin α5 was responsible for the MCF-7 autophagy and suggest this molecule as a suitable target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Komemi
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Meir Pomeranz
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Ami Fishman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Metsada Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liat Drucker
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shelly Tartakover Matalon
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Lishner
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Internal Medicine A, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
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Epstein Shochet G, Wollin L, Shitrit D. Fibroblast-matrix interplay: Nintedanib and pirfenidone modulate the effect of IPF fibroblast-conditioned matrix on normal fibroblast phenotype. Respirology 2018. [PMID: 29532550 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with poor prognosis. Activated fibroblasts are the key effector cells in fibrosis, producing excessive amounts of collagen and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Whether the ECM conditioned by IPF fibroblasts determines the phenotype of naïve fibroblasts is difficult to explore. METHODS IPF-derived primary fibroblasts were cultured on Matrigel and then cleared using ammonium hydroxide, creating an IPF-conditioned matrix (CM). Normal fibroblast CM served as control. Normal fibroblasts were cultured on both types of CM, and cell count, cell distribution and markers of myofibroblast differentiation; transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signalling; and ECM expression were assessed. The effects of the anti-fibrotic drugs nintedanib and pirfenidone at physiologically relevant concentrations were also explored. RESULTS Normal fibroblasts cultured on IPF-CM arranged in large aggregates as a result of increased proliferation and migration. Moreover, increased levels of pSmad3, pSTAT3 (phospho signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and Collagen1a were found, suggesting a differentiation towards a myofibroblast-like phenotype. SB505124 (10 μmol/L) partially reversed these alterations, suggesting a TGFβ contribution. Furthermore, nintedanib at 100 nmol/L and, to a lesser extent, pirfenidone at 100 μmol/L prevented the IPF-CM-induced fibroblast phenotype alterations, suggesting an attenuation of the ECM-fibroblast interplay. CONCLUSION IPF fibroblasts alter the ECM, thus creating a CM that further propagates an IPF-like phenotype in normal fibroblasts. This assay demonstrated differences in drug activities for approved IPF drugs at clinically relevant concentrations. Thus, the matrix-fibroblast phenotype interplay might be a relevant assay to explore drug candidates for IPF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lutz Wollin
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach, Germany
| | - David Shitrit
- Pulmonary Medicine Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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