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Rostkowska O, Olejniczak-Kęder A, Spychalski P, Szaryńska M, Kobiela J. Triiodothyronine lowers the potential of colorectal cancer stem cells in vitro. Oncol Rep 2022; 49:21. [PMID: 36484405 PMCID: PMC9773011 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a key role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the influence of triiodothyronine (T3) on the biological regulation of CSCs remains unclear. In the present study, it was reported that T3 exerts significant impact on CSCs of two CRC cell lines cultured in the form of colonospheres. It was observed that the incubation of colonospheres with T3 decreased the viability, proliferative and spherogenic potential of cancer cells (P<0.05). In addition, increased apoptotic rate of CRC cells treated with T3 was revealed. Furthermore, T3‑treated colonospheres were more likely to move into silenced pool in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. The smaller sizes of colonospheres observed after the treatment with T3 confirmed this conclusion. T3 could lower the proportion of primitive cells which supply the pool of proliferating cells within spheres. Thyroid receptors THRα1 and THRβ1 and two deiodinases (DIO2 and DIO3) were affected by T3 in manner depended on clinical stage of cancer and CRC cell line used for analysis. In summary, the present study uncovered a novel function of thyroid hormones signaling in the regulation of the CSCs of CRC, and these findings may be useful for developing novel therapies by targeting thyroid hormone functions in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rostkowska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Spychalski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szaryńska
- Histology Department, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland,Correspondence to: Dr Magdalena Szaryńska, Histology Department, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Dębinki Street, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland, E-mail:
| | - Jarek Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
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Subcellular Distribution of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052698. [PMID: 35269838 PMCID: PMC8910424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Since the most well-known function of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) relies on their ability to act as ligand-activated transcription factors, their subcellular localization has been recognized to be relevant for their biological meaning. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence and subcellular distribution of TR beta and TR beta-1 in ovarian cancer (OC). Methods: Tissue was collected from 153 patients that had undergone surgery due to OC at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich. Immunohistochemistry detecting TR beta and TR beta-1 was performed. Staining signals were quantified and tested for association with clinico-pathological parameters including overall survival (OS). Results: The subcellular distribution of TR beta and TR beta-1 differed among histologic subtypes, grade and FIGO stage. TR beta positivity was strongly linked to shortened overall survival (p < 0.001). Strikingly, this shortened OS was mainly attributed to those cases showing complete (p = 0.005) or incomplete shift of TR beta to the cytoplasm (p < 0.001). Significance was lost in multivariate testing. Conclusions: Cytoplasmatic localization of TR beta was associated with reduced OS, at least in univariate analysis. Since TRs have long been supposed to mainly function via the regulation of gene transcription in the nucleus, cytoplasmatic shifting might be interpreted as a regulator of their activity.
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Voutsadakis IA. The TSH/Thyroid Hormones Axis and Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:687. [PMID: 35160139 PMCID: PMC8836919 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most prevalent female carcinoma, is characterized by the expression of steroid nuclear receptors in a subset of cases. The most important nuclear receptor with prognostic and therapeutic implications is the Estrogen Receptor (ER), which is expressed in about three out of four breast cancers. The Progesterone Receptor (PR) and the Androgen Receptor (AR) are also commonly expressed. Moreover, non-steroid nuclear receptors, including the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the thyroid receptors (TRs), are also present in breast cancers and have pathophysiologic implications. Circulating thyroid hormones may influence breast cancer risk and breast cancer cell survival, through ligating their canonical receptors TRα and TRβ but also through additional membrane receptors that are expressed in breast cancer. The expression of TR subtypes and their respective isotypes have diverse effects in breast cancers through co-operation with ER and influence on other cancer-associated pathways. Other components of the TSH/thyroid hormone axis, such as TSH and selenoiodinase enzymes, have putative effects in breast cancer pathophysiology. This paper reviews the pathophysiologic and prognostic implications of the thyroid axis in breast cancer and provides a brief therapeutic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A. Voutsadakis
- Algoma District Cancer Program, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6B 0A8, Canada; or
- Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P6B 0A8, Canada
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Carr FE. THYROID CANCER. Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119645214.ch23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Peng X, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Song W, Meng X, Zhao C, Zhao R. Overexpression of modified human TRβ1 suppresses the growth of hepatocarcinoma SK-hep1 cells in vitro and in xenograft models. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 449:207-218. [PMID: 29679278 PMCID: PMC6223806 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Association studies suggest that TRβ1 functions as a tumor suppressor. Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) mediate transcriptional responses through a highly conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD). We previously constructed an artificially modified human TRβ1 (m-TRβ1) via the introduction of a 108-bp exon sequence into the corresponding position of the wild-type human TRβ1 (TRβ1) DBD. Studies confirmed that m-TRβ1 was functional and could inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer MDA-MB-468 cells in vitro. To understand the role of m-TRβ1 in liver tumor development, we adopted a gain-of-function approach by stably expressing TRβ (m-TRβ1 and TRβ1) genes in a human hepatocarcinoma cell line, SK-hep1 (without endogenous TRβ), and then evaluated the effects of the expressed TRβ on cancer cell proliferation, migration, and tumor growth in cell-based studies and xenograft models. In the presence of 3,5,3-l-triiodothyronine (T3), the expression of TRβ in SK-hep1 cells inhibited cancer cell proliferation and impeded tumor cell migration through the up-regulation of 4-1BB, Caspase-3, and Bak gene expression; down-regulation of Bcl-2 gene expression; and activation of the Caspase-3 protein. TRβ expression in SK-hep1 led to less tumor growth in xenograft models. Additionally, the anti-tumor effect of m-TRβ1 was stronger than that of TRβ1. These data indicate that m-TRβ1 can act as a tumor suppressor in hepatocarcinoma and its role was significantly better than that of TRβ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
- Key Discipline of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Yuntao Zhou
- Central Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, 255020, Shandong, China
| | - Yanli Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
- Key Discipline of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
- Key Discipline of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangying Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
- Key Discipline of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Chunling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicine in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Ronglan Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
- Key Discipline of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of Shandong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
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Miro C, Ambrosio R, De Stefano MA, Di Girolamo D, Di Cicco E, Cicatiello AG, Mancino G, Porcelli T, Raia M, Del Vecchio L, Salvatore D, Dentice M. The Concerted Action of Type 2 and Type 3 Deiodinases Regulates the Cell Cycle and Survival of Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells. Thyroid 2017; 27:567-576. [PMID: 28088877 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones (THs) mediate pleiotropic cellular processes involved in metabolism, cellular proliferation, and differentiation. The intracellular hormonal environment can be tailored by the type 1 and 2 deiodinase enzymes D2 and D3, which catalyze TH activation and inactivation respectively. In many cellular systems, THs exert well-documented stimulatory or inhibitory effects on cell proliferation; however, the molecular mechanisms by which they control rates of cell cycle progression have not yet been entirely clarified. We previously showed that D3 depletion or TH treatment influences the proliferation and survival of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) cells. Surprisingly, we also found that BCC cells express not only sustained levels of D3 but also robust levels of D2. The aim of the present study was to dissect the contribution of D2 to TH metabolism in the BCC context, and to identify the molecular changes associated with cell proliferation and survival induced by TH and mediated by D2 and D3. METHODS We used the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to genetically deplete D2 and D3 in BCC cells and studied the consequences of depletion on cell cycle progression and on cell death. Cell cycle progression was analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis of synchronized cells, and the apoptosis rate by annexin V incorporation. RESULTS Mechanistic investigations revealed that D2 inactivation accelerates cell cycle progression thereby enhancing the proportion of S-phase cells and cyclin D1 expression. Conversely, D3 mutagenesis drastically suppressed cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of BCC cells. Furthermore, the basal apoptotic rate was oppositely regulated in D2- and D3-depleted cells. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that BCC cells constitute an example in which the TH signal is finely tuned by the concerted expression of opposite-acting deiodinases. The dual regulation of D2 and D3 expression plays a critical role in cell cycle progression and cell death by influencing cyclin D1-mediated entry into the G1-S phase. These findings reinforce the concept that TH is a potential therapeutic target in human BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Miro
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ambrosio
- 2 Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-SDN , Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Angela De Stefano
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Girolamo
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy
| | - Emery Di Cicco
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Mancino
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy
| | - Tommaso Porcelli
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy
| | - Maddalena Raia
- 3 Centro di Ingegneria Genetica-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Del Vecchio
- 3 Centro di Ingegneria Genetica-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy
- 3 Centro di Ingegneria Genetica-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II" , Napoli, Italy
- 3 Centro di Ingegneria Genetica-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Naples, Italy
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