1
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Chan FF, Wong CM. ZEB1 Fuels Serine Metabolism to Promote HCC Metastasis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:646-647. [PMID: 37517803 PMCID: PMC10511909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- For-Fan Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Ming Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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2
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Li Q, Tan G, Wu F. The functions and roles of C2H2 zinc finger proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1129889. [PMID: 37457025 PMCID: PMC10339807 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1129889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
C2H2 zinc finger (C2H2-ZF) proteins are the majority group of human transcription factors and they have many different molecular functions through different combinations of zinc finger domains. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors and the main reason for cancer-related deaths worldwide. More and more findings support the abnormal expression of C2H2-ZF protein in the onset and progression of HCC. The C2H2-ZF proteins are involved in various biological functions in HCC, such as EMT, stemness maintenance, metabolic reprogramming, cell proliferation and growth, apoptosis, and genomic integrity. The study of anti-tumor drug resistance also highlights the pivotal roles of C2H2-ZF proteins at the intersection of biological functions (EMT, stemness maintenance, autophagy)and chemoresistance in HCC. The involvement of C2H2-ZF protein found recently in regulating different molecules, signal pathways and pathophysiological activities indicate these proteins as the possible therapeutic targets, and diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for HCC.
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3
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Li L, Xun C, Yu CH. Role of microRNA-regulated cancer stem cells in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1985-1996. [PMID: 36618329 PMCID: PMC9813843 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i12.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the most common cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high rate of tumor recurrence, tumor dormancy, and drug resistance after initial successful chemotherapy or radiotherapy. A small subset of cancer cells, cancer stem cells (CSCs), exhibit stem cell characteristics and are present in various cancers, including HCC. The dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) often accompanies the occurrence and development of HCC. miRNAs can influence tumorigenesis, progression, recurrence, and drug resistance by regulating CSCs properties, which supports their clinical utility in managing and treating HCC. This review summarizes the regulatory effects of miRNAs on CSCs in HCC with a special focus on their impact on HCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Chen Xun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou 412000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chun-Hong Yu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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4
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Cellular, Molecular and Proteomic Characteristics of Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4714-4734. [PMID: 36286037 PMCID: PMC9600540 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for the majority of primary liver cancers. Early detection/diagnosis is vital for the prognosis of HCC, whereas diagnosis at late stages is associated with very low survival rate. Early diagnosis is based on 6-month surveillance of the patient and the use of at least two imaging modalities. The aim of this study was to investigate diagnostic markers for the detection of early HCC based on proteome analysis, microRNAs (miRNAs) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of patients with cirrhosis or early or advanced HCC. We studied 89 patients with HCC, of whom 33 had early HCC and 28 were cirrhotic. CTCs were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR and immunofluorescence using the markers epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM), vimentin, alpha fetoprotein (aFP) and surface major vault protein (sMVP). Expression of the five most common HCC-involved miRNAs (miR-122, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-221, miR-222) was examined in serum using quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). Finally, patient serum was analyzed via whole proteome analysis (LC/MS). Of 53 patients with advanced HCC, 27 (51%) had detectable CTCs. Among these, 10/27 (37%) presented evidence of mesenchymal or intermediate stage cells (vimentin and/or sMVP positive). Moreover, 5/17 (29%) patients with early HCC and 2/28 (7%) cirrhotic patients had detectable CTCs. Patients with early or advanced HCC exhibited a significant increase in miR-200b when compared to cirrhotic patients. Our proteome analysis indicated that early HCC patients present a significant upregulation of APOA2, APOC3 proteins when compared to cirrhotic patients. When taken in combination, this covers the 100% of the patients with early HCC. miR-200b, APOA2 and APOC3 proteins are sensitive markers and can be potentially useful in combination for the early diagnosis of HCC.
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5
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Dicer-mediated miR-200b expression contributes to cell migratory/invasive abilities and cancer stem cells properties of breast cancer cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:6520-6536. [PMID: 35951366 PMCID: PMC9467414 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Distant metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with breast cancer. Despite considerable treatment advances, the clinical outcomes of patients with metastatic breast cancer remain poor. CSCs can self-renew, enhancing cancer progression and metastasis. Dicer, a microRNA (miRNA) processing–related enzyme, is required for miRNA maturation. Imbalanced Dicer expression may be pivotal in cancer progression. However, whether and how Dicer affects the stemness of metastatic breast cancer cells remains unclear. Here, we hypothesized that Dicer regulates the migration, invasion, and stemness of breast cancer cells. We established highly invasive cell lines (MCF-7/I-3 and MDA-MB-231/I-3) and observed that Dicer expression was conspicuously lower in the highly invasive cells than in the parental cells. The silencing of Dicer significantly enhanced the cell migratory/invasive abilities and CSCs properties of the breast cancer cells. Conversely, the overexpression of Dicer in the highly invasive cells reduced their migration, invasion, and CSCs properties. Our bioinformatics analyses demonstrated that low Dicer levels were correlated with increased breast cancer risk. Suppression of Dicer inhibited miR-200b expression, whereas miR-200b suppression recovered Dicer knockdown–induced migration, invasion, and cancer stem cells (CSCs) properties of the breast cancer cells. Thus, our findings reveal that Dicer is a crucial regulator of the migration, invasion, and CSCs properties of breast cancer cells and is significantly associated with poor survival in patients with breast cancer.
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6
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Ridder DA, Weinmann A, Schindeldecker M, Urbansky LL, Berndt K, Gerber TS, Lang H, Lotz J, Lackner KJ, Roth W, Straub BK. Comprehensive clinicopathologic study of alpha fetoprotein-expression in a large cohort of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2021; 150:1053-1066. [PMID: 34894400 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is the most widely used diagnostic and prognostic serum biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite its wide clinical use, a systematic clinicopathologic study comparing AFP expression in HCC in situ with serum AFP concentrations has not yet been conducted. To analyze AFP expression in a large cohort of patients by immunohistochemistry, we employed a comprehensive tissue microarray with 871 different HCCs of overall 561 patients. AFP immunoreactivity was detected in only about 20% of HCC core biopsies, whereas 48.9% of the patients displayed increased serum values (>12 ng/mL). Immunostaining of whole tumor slides revealed that lack of detectable immunoreactivity in core biopsies in a subgroup of patients with elevated AFP serum concentrations is due to heterogeneous intratumoral AFP expression. Serum AFP concentrations and AFP expression in situ were moderately correlated (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient .53, P = 1.2e - 13). High AFP expression detected in serum (>227.3 ng/mL) or in situ predicted unfavorable prognosis and was associated with vascular invasion, higher tumor grade and macrotrabecular-massive tumor subtype. Multivariate and ROC curve analysis demonstrated that high AFP concentrations in serum is an independent prognostic parameter and represents the more robust prognostic predictor in comparison to AFP immunostaining of core biopsies. The previously published vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) pattern turned out as an additional, statistically independent prognostic parameter. AFP-positivity was associated with increased tumor cell apoptosis, but not with increased vascular densities. Additionally, AFP-positive tumors displayed increased proliferation rates, urea cycle dysregulation and signs of genomic instability, which may constitute the basis for their increased aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Andreas Ridder
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Arndt Weinmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mario Schindeldecker
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Tissue Biobank, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lana Louisa Urbansky
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristina Berndt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tiemo Sven Gerber
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Lotz
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl J Lackner
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Beate Katharina Straub
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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7
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Jiang X, Liang L, Chen G, Liu C. Modulation of Immune Components on Stem Cell and Dormancy in Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:2826. [PMID: 34831048 PMCID: PMC8616319 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) refer to a certain subpopulation within the tumor entity that is characterized by restricted cellular proliferation and multipotent differentiation potency. The existence of CSCs has been proven to contribute to the heterogeneity of malignancies, accounting for intensified tumorigenesis, treatment resistance, and metastatic spread. Dormancy was proposed as a reversible state of cancer cells that are temporarily arrested in the cell cycle, possessing several hallmarks that facilitate their survival within a devastating niche. This transient period is evoked to enter an actively proliferating state by multiple regulatory alterations, and one of the most significant and complex factors comes from local and systemic inflammatory reactions and immune components. Although CSCs and dormant cancer cells share several similarities, the clear relationship between these two concepts remains unclear. Thus, the detailed mechanism of immune cells interacting with CSCs and dormant cancer cells also warrants elucidation for prevention of cancer relapse and metastasis. In this review, we summarize recent findings and prospective studies on CSCs and cancer dormancy to conclude the relationship between these two concepts. Furthermore, we aim to outline the mechanism of immune components in interfering with CSCs and dormant cancer cells to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of relapse and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Caigang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China; (X.J.); (L.L.); (G.C.)
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8
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Hepatic Cancer Stem Cells: Molecular Mechanisms, Therapeutic Implications, and Circulating Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184550. [PMID: 34572776 PMCID: PMC8472624 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers. HCC is associated with multiple risk factors and is characterized by a marked tumor heterogeneity that makes its molecular classification difficult to apply in the clinics. The lack of circulating biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of response to treatments further undermines the possibility of developing personalized therapies. Accumulating evidence affirms the involvement of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in tumor heterogeneity, recurrence, and drug resistance. Owing to the contribution of CSCs to treatment failure, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic strategies targeting, not only the tumor bulk, but also the CSC subpopulation. Clarification of the molecular mechanisms influencing CSC properties, and the identification of their functional roles in tumor progression, may facilitate the discovery of novel CSC-based therapeutic targets to be used alone, or in combination with current anticancer agents, for the treatment of HCC. Here, we review the driving forces behind the regulation of liver CSCs and their therapeutic implications. Additionally, we provide data on their possible exploitation as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in patients with HCC.
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9
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Li JN, Sun HL, Wang MY, Chen PS. E-cadherin Interacts With Posttranslationally-Modified AGO2 to Enhance miRISC Activity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:671244. [PMID: 34291046 PMCID: PMC8287304 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.671244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which post-transcriptionally suppress target mRNAs expression and/or translation to modulate pathophyological processes. Expression and function of miRNAs are fine-tuned by a conserved biogenesis machinery involves two RNase-dependent processing steps of miRNA maturation and the final step of miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC)-mediated target silencing. A functional miRISC requires Argonaute 2 (AGO2) as an essential catalytic component which plays central roles in miRISC function. We uncovered a post-translational regulatory mechanism of AGO2 by E-cadherin. Mechanistically, E-cadherin activates ERK to phosphorylate AGO2, along with enhanced protein glycosylation. Consequently, the phosphorylated AGO2 was stabilized and ultimately resulted in induced miRISC activity on gene silencing. This study revealed a novel pathway for miRNA regulation through an E-cadherin-mediated miRISC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ning Li
- College of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Lung Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ming-Yang Wang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Sheng Chen
- College of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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10
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Zhou Y, Lin F, Wan T, Chen A, Wang H, Jiang B, Zhao W, Liao S, Wang S, Li G, Xu Z, Wang J, Zhang J, Ma H, Lin D, Li Q. ZEB1 enhances Warburg effect to facilitate tumorigenesis and metastasis of HCC by transcriptionally activating PFKM. Theranostics 2021; 11:5926-5938. [PMID: 33897890 PMCID: PMC8058737 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, especially Warburg effect, is a key event in tumor initiation and progression. ZEB1 plays a vital role in metastasis of various cancers. We previously found that ZEB1 was excessively expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its high expression was closely correlated with metastasis and recurrence of HCC. We want to know whether glycolytic enzymes are regulated by ZEB1 and contribute to carcinogenesis and metastasis of HCC. Methods: To explore whether ZEB1 could enhance glycolysis in HCC, we knocked down ZEB1 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in MHCC-97H and HCC-LM3 cells and performed glucose uptake, lactate production, ECAR and OCR assays. To investigate how ZEB1 enhances glycolysis, the protein levels of glycolytic enzymes were detected in the same cell lines using Western blot. The regulatory effect of ZEB1 on PFKM mRNA level was confirmed by RT-qPCR, luciferase report assay and ChIP assay. In order to assess the role of ZEB1-PFKM axis in cell proliferation, cell counting and CCK-8 assays were performed in MHCC-97H and HCC-LM3 cell lines knocked down for ZEB1 and further re-expressed for either ZEB1 or PFKM or not. To explored whether the ZEB1-PFKM axis also functions in HCC cell migration, invasion and metastasis, the same MHCC-97H and HCC-LM3 cell lines were performed for wound healing assays, transwell assays and colony formation assays, meanwhile, MHCC-97H cell lines were performed for orthotopic liver transplantation assays. Finally, the expression of ZEB1 and PFKM were examined in human liver cancer specimens and non-tumorous liver tissues using immunohistochemical and Western blot. Results: We found that ZEB1 transcriptionally upregulates the expression of the muscle isoform of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFKM), a rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis. Intriguingly, a non-classic ZEB1-binding sequence in the promoter region of PFKM was identified through which ZEB1 directly activates the transcription of PFKM. Silencing of ZEB1 in MHCC-97H and HCC-LM3 cell leads to impaired PFKM expression, glycolysis, proliferation and invasion, and such impairments are rescued by exogenous expression of PFKM. Importantly, in-situ HCC xenograft assays and studies from TCGA database demonstrate that ZEB1-PFKM axis is crucial for carcinogenesis and metastasis of HCC. Conclusions: Our study reveals a novel mechanism of ZEB1 in promoting HCC by activating the transcription of PFKM, establishing the direct link of ZEB1 to the promotion of glycolysis and Warburg effect and suggesting that inhibition of ZEB1 transcriptional activity toward PFKM may be a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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11
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Gregorova J, Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Sevcikova S. Epigenetic Regulation of MicroRNA Clusters and Families during Tumor Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1333. [PMID: 33809566 PMCID: PMC8002357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules regulating gene expression on a post-transcriptional level based on the seed sequence similarity. They are frequently clustered; thus, they are either simultaneously transcribed into a single polycistronic transcript or they may be transcribed independently. Importantly, microRNA families that contain the same seed region and thus target related signaling proteins, may be localized in one or more clusters, which are in a close relationship. MicroRNAs are involved in basic physiological processes, and their deregulation is associated with the origin of various pathologies, including solid tumors or hematologic malignancies. Recently, the interplay between the expression of microRNA clusters and families and epigenetic machinery was described, indicating aberrant DNA methylation or histone modifications as major mechanisms responsible for microRNA deregulation during cancerogenesis. In this review, the most studied microRNA clusters and families affected by hyper- or hypomethylation as well as by histone modifications are presented with the focus on particular mechanisms. Finally, the diagnostic and prognostic potential of microRNA clusters and families is discussed together with technologies currently used for epigenetic-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Gregorova
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Petra Vychytilova-Faltejskova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Sabina Sevcikova
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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Zolghadr F, Bakhshinejad B, Davuchbabny S, Sarrafpour B, Seyedasli N. Critical regulatory levels in tumor differentiation: Signaling pathways, epigenetics and non-coding transcripts. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000190. [PMID: 33644880 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Approaches to induce tumor differentiation often result in manageable and therapy-naïve cellular states in cancer cells. This transformation is achieved by activating pathways that drive tumor cells away from plasticity, a state that commonly correlates with enhanced aggression, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Here, we discuss signaling pathways, epigenetics and non-coding RNAs as three main regulatory levels with the potential to drive tumor differentiation and hence as potential targets in differentiation therapy approaches. The success of an effective therapeutic regimen in one cancer, however, does not necessarily sustain across cancer types; a phenomenon largely resulting from heterogeneity in the genetic and physiological landscapes of tumor types necessitating an approach designed for each cancer's unique genetic and phenotypic build-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zolghadr
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Babak Bakhshinejad
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sapir Davuchbabny
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Babak Sarrafpour
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Naisana Seyedasli
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,The Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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Peng JM, Tseng RH, Shih TC, Hsieh SY. CAMK2N1 suppresses hepatoma growth through inhibiting E2F1-mediated cell-cycle signaling. Cancer Lett 2020; 497:66-76. [PMID: 33068700 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Human kinome/phosphatome screen identified CAMK2N1 genes suppressing the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CAMK2N1 downregulation was found in 47% HCCs and associated with poor prognosis. The downregulation was mainly attributed to its genome deletion (28.4%) and DNA hypermethylation of its promoter (12.5%). Silencing and ectopic expression of CAMK2N1 respectively enhanced and suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation, and xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. Comparative proteomics revealed that CAMK2N1 silencing transcriptionally deregulated the genes regulated by E2F1 (89 out of the 114 E2F-signaling targets, P = 8.8E-240). The promoter assays revealed that CAMK2N1 suppressed E2F1-mediated transcriptional activities. CAMK2N1 silencing induced cyclins D/E expression, whereas its ectopic expression induced P27/KIP1 expression and suppressed the cell cycle. CAMK2N1 was translocated from the nuclei to the cytoplasm when cell proliferation reached the stationary phase, where its functions as an endogenous inhibitor of CAMK2. In conclusion, CAMK2NA is a novel 1p36 tumor suppressor gene that inhibits E2F1 transcriptional activities and induces P27/KIP1 expression. CAMK2N1-CAMK2 signaling forms a mechanism that restricts the cell cycle progression. Its deregulation could lead to tumorigenesis and might serve as promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jei-Ming Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ruo-Han Tseng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chieh Shih
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Yung Hsieh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Chang Gung University, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
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14
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Li J, Zhu Y. Recent Advances in Liver Cancer Stem Cells: Non-coding RNAs, Oncogenes and Oncoproteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:548335. [PMID: 33117795 PMCID: PMC7575754 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.548335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, with high morbidity, relapse, metastasis and mortality rates. Although liver surgical resection, transplantation, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and some molecular targeted therapeutics may prolong the survival of HCC patients to a certain degree, the curative effect is still poor, primarily because of tumor recurrence and the drug resistance of HCC cells. Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs), also known as liver tumor-initiating cells, represent one small subset of cancer cells that are responsible for disease recurrence, drug resistance and death. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanism of LCSCs in HCC is of vital importance. Thus, new studies that present gene regulation strategies to control LCSC differentiation and replication are under development. In this review, we provide an update on the latest advances in experimental studies on non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), oncogenes and oncoproteins. All the articles addressed the crosstalk between different ncRNAs, oncogenes and oncoproteins, as well as their upstream and downstream products targeting LCSCs. In this review, we summarize three pathways, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, and interleukin 6/Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (IL6/JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway, and their targeting gene, c-Myc. Furthermore, we conclude that octamer 4 (OCT4) and Nanog are two important functional genes that play a pivotal role in LCSC regulation and HCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liver Disease Center of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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15
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Qin S, Jiang J, Lu Y, Nice EC, Huang C, Zhang J, He W. Emerging role of tumor cell plasticity in modifying therapeutic response. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:228. [PMID: 33028808 PMCID: PMC7541492 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cancer therapy is a major barrier to cancer management. Conventional views have proposed that acquisition of resistance may result from genetic mutations. However, accumulating evidence implicates a key role of non-mutational resistance mechanisms underlying drug tolerance, the latter of which is the focus that will be discussed here. Such non-mutational processes are largely driven by tumor cell plasticity, which renders tumor cells insusceptible to the drug-targeted pathway, thereby facilitating the tumor cell survival and growth. The concept of tumor cell plasticity highlights the significance of re-activation of developmental programs that are closely correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, acquisition properties of cancer stem cells, and trans-differentiation potential during drug exposure. From observations in various cancers, this concept provides an opportunity for investigating the nature of anticancer drug resistance. Over the years, our understanding of the emerging role of phenotype switching in modifying therapeutic response has considerably increased. This expanded knowledge of tumor cell plasticity contributes to developing novel therapeutic strategies or combination therapy regimens using available anticancer drugs, which are likely to improve patient outcomes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Road, 611137, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Parizadeh SM, Jafarzadeh-Esfehani R, Ghandehari M, Goldani F, Parizadeh SMR, Hassanian SM, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GA, Avan A. MicroRNAs as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1129-1140. [PMID: 30848198 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190307095720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer, and the second most common cause of cancer-associated death globally. One of the major reasons for this high rate of mortality is a failure to make an early diagnosis. The average survival in untreated HCC patients is estimated to be approximately three months. The 5-year overall survival rate after radical resection is about 15-40% and within two years, more than two third of patients experience a relapse. To date, the most common biomarker which has been used for the diagnosis of HCC is serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). However, there is a lack of sensitive and specific tumor biomarkers for the early diagnosis of HCC. MicroRNAs are a class of short endogenous RNA with crucial role in many biological activities and cellular pathways and can be found in various tissues and body fluids. The aim of this review was to summarize the results of recent studies investigating miRNAs as novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognostic risk stratification of patients with this type of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghandehari
- Metabolic syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Goldani
- Metabolic syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies; Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies; Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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17
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Walcher L, Kistenmacher AK, Suo H, Kitte R, Dluczek S, Strauß A, Blaudszun AR, Yevsa T, Fricke S, Kossatz-Boehlert U. Cancer Stem Cells-Origins and Biomarkers: Perspectives for Targeted Personalized Therapies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1280. [PMID: 32849491 PMCID: PMC7426526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biomarkers in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis has gained increasing interest over the last decades. In particular, the analysis of biomarkers in cancer patients within the pre- and post-therapeutic period is required to identify several types of cells, which carry a risk for a disease progression and subsequent post-therapeutic relapse. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that can drive tumor initiation and can cause relapses. At the time point of tumor initiation, CSCs originate from either differentiated cells or adult tissue resident stem cells. Due to their importance, several biomarkers that characterize CSCs have been identified and correlated to diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. However, CSCs have been shown to display a high plasticity, which changes their phenotypic and functional appearance. Such changes are induced by chemo- and radiotherapeutics as well as senescent tumor cells, which cause alterations in the tumor microenvironment. Induction of senescence causes tumor shrinkage by modulating an anti-tumorigenic environment in which tumor cells undergo growth arrest and immune cells are attracted. Besides these positive effects after therapy, senescence can also have negative effects displayed post-therapeutically. These unfavorable effects can directly promote cancer stemness by increasing CSC plasticity phenotypes, by activating stemness pathways in non-CSCs, as well as by promoting senescence escape and subsequent activation of stemness pathways. At the end, all these effects can lead to tumor relapse and metastasis. This review provides an overview of the most frequently used CSC markers and their implementation as biomarkers by focussing on deadliest solid (lung, stomach, liver, breast and colorectal cancers) and hematological (acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia) cancers. Furthermore, it gives examples on how the CSC markers might be influenced by therapeutics, such as chemo- and radiotherapy, and the tumor microenvironment. It points out, that it is crucial to identify and monitor residual CSCs, senescent tumor cells, and the pro-tumorigenic senescence-associated secretory phenotype in a therapy follow-up using specific biomarkers. As a future perspective, a targeted immune-mediated strategy using chimeric antigen receptor based approaches for the removal of remaining chemotherapy-resistant cells as well as CSCs in a personalized therapeutic approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Walcher
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Kistenmacher
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Huizhen Suo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reni Kitte
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Dluczek
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Strauß
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - André-René Blaudszun
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tetyana Yevsa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Fricke
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Kossatz-Boehlert
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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18
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MicroRNAs and Their Influence on the ZEB Family: Mechanistic Aspects and Therapeutic Applications in Cancer Therapy. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071040. [PMID: 32664703 PMCID: PMC7407563 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular signaling pathways involved in cancer have been intensively studied due to their crucial role in cancer cell growth and dissemination. Among them, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox-1 (ZEB1) and -2 (ZEB2) are molecules that play vital roles in signaling pathways to ensure the survival of tumor cells, particularly through enhancing cell proliferation, promoting cell migration and invasion, and triggering drug resistance. Importantly, ZEB proteins are regulated by microRNAs (miRs). In this review, we demonstrate the impact that miRs have on cancer therapy, through their targeting of ZEB proteins. MiRs are able to act as onco-suppressor factors and inhibit the malignancy of tumor cells through ZEB1/2 down-regulation. This can lead to an inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanism, therefore reducing metastasis. Additionally, miRs are able to inhibit ZEB1/2-mediated drug resistance and immunosuppression. Additionally, we explore the upstream modulators of miRs such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), as these regulators can influence the inhibitory effect of miRs on ZEB proteins and cancer progression.
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19
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Investigation of microRNA expression signatures in HCC via microRNA Gene Chip and bioinformatics analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Liu S, Cheng K, Zhang H, Kong R, Wang S, Mao C, Liu S. Methylation Status of the Nanog Promoter Determines the Switch between Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903035. [PMID: 32154082 PMCID: PMC7055559 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the main cause of tumor development, metastasis, and relapse. CSCs are thus considered promising targets for cancer therapy. However, it is hard to eradicate CSCs due to their inherent plasticity and heterogeneity, and the underlying mechanism of the switch between non-CSCs and CSCs remains unclear. Here, it is shown that miR-135a combined with SMYD4 activates Nanog expression and induces the switch of non-CSCs into CSCs. The miR-135a level, once elevated, lowers the methylation level of the CG5 site in the Nanog promoter by directly targeting DNMT1. SMYD4 binds to the unmethylated Nanog promoter to activate Nanog expression in Nanog-negative tumor cells. The in vivo regulation of miR-135a levels could significantly affect both the CSCs proportion and tumor progression. These findings indicate that DNA methylation of the Nanog promoter modulates the switch of non-CSCs into CSCs under the control of the miRNA-135 level. In addition, the related pathways, miR-135a/DNMT1 and SMYD4, involved in these processes are potential targets for CSC-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji UniversityShanghai200072China
- Department of Laboratory DiagnosticsChanghai HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Department of Laboratory DiagnosticsChanghai HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Laboratory DiagnosticsChanghai HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Ruijiao Kong
- Department of Laboratory DiagnosticsShanghai Fourth People's HospitalAffiliated to Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai200081China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Laboratory DiagnosticsChanghai HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryStephenson Life Sciences Research CenterUniversity of Oklahoma101 Stephenson ParkwayNormanOK73019‐5300USA
| | - Shanrong Liu
- Department of Laboratory DiagnosticsChanghai HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai200433China
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21
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Nasr MA, Salah RA, Abd Elkodous M, Elshenawy SE, El-Badri N. Dysregulated MicroRNA Fingerprints and Methylation Patterns in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Cancer Stem Cells, and Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:229. [PMID: 31681762 PMCID: PMC6811506 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the top causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Although HCC has been researched extensively, there is still a need for novel and effective therapeutic interventions. There is substantial evidence that initiation of carcinogenesis in liver cirrhosis, a leading cause of HCC, is mediated by cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs were also shown to be responsible for relapse and chemoresistance in several cancers, including HCC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute important epigenetic markers that regulate carcinogenesis by acting post-transcriptionally on mRNAs, contributing to the progression of HCC. We have previously shown that co-culture of cancer cells with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could induce the reprogramming of MSCs into CSC-like cells. In this review, we evaluate the available data concerning the epigenetic regulation of miRNAs through methylation and the possible role of this regulation in stem cell and somatic reprogramming in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Nasr
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Radwa Ayman Salah
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - M Abd Elkodous
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Shimaa E Elshenawy
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
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22
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Wu L, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Gu H, Zhou K, Yin X, Xu J. MiR-409-3p Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Invasion of Osteosarcoma by Targeting Zinc-Finger E-Box-Binding Homeobox-1. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:137. [PMID: 30846940 PMCID: PMC6393378 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone cancer worldwide. There is evidence that microRNA-409 (miR-409-3p) is involved in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, however, its possible role in OS requires clarification. In the present study, we evaluated the expression level, clinical significance, and mode of action of miR-409-3p in OS. The miR-409-3p levels were diminished in the OS cells and tissues compared with associated adjacent non-tumor tissues and a non-cancer osteoplastic cell line. Low miR-409-3p expression levels were associated with clinical stage and distant metastasis in patients with OS. Resumption of miR-409-3p expression attenuated OS cell proliferation and invasion. Additionally, based on informatics analyses, we predicted that zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox-1 (ZEB1) is a possible target of miR-409-3p. This hypothesis was confirmed using luciferase reporter assays, reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analyses. The findings of the current study indicated that ZEB1 was up-regulated in the OS tissues and cell lines, and that this up-regulation was inversely proportional to miR-409-3p expression levels. Furthermore, down-regulation of ZEB1 decreased OS cell invasion and proliferation, illustrating that the tumor suppressive role of miR-409-3p in OS cells may be exerted via negative regulation of ZEB1. Taken together, our observations highlight the potential role of miR-409-3p as a tumor suppressor in OS partially through down-regulation of ZEB1 and suggest that miR-409-3p has potential applications in OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Minhang Hosptial, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Minhang Hosptial, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Huijie Gu
- Minhang Hosptial, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaifeng Zhou
- Minhang Hosptial, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofan Yin
- Minhang Hosptial, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Minhang Hosptial, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Malta TM, Sokolov A, Gentles AJ, Burzykowski T, Poisson L, Weinstein JN, Kamińska B, Huelsken J, Omberg L, Gevaert O, Colaprico A, Czerwińska P, Mazurek S, Mishra L, Heyn H, Krasnitz A, Godwin AK, Lazar AJ, Stuart JM, Hoadley KA, Laird PW, Noushmehr H, Wiznerowicz M. Machine Learning Identifies Stemness Features Associated with Oncogenic Dedifferentiation. Cell 2019; 173:338-354.e15. [PMID: 29625051 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1216] [Impact Index Per Article: 243.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progression involves the gradual loss of a differentiated phenotype and acquisition of progenitor and stem-cell-like features. Here, we provide novel stemness indices for assessing the degree of oncogenic dedifferentiation. We used an innovative one-class logistic regression (OCLR) machine-learning algorithm to extract transcriptomic and epigenetic feature sets derived from non-transformed pluripotent stem cells and their differentiated progeny. Using OCLR, we were able to identify previously undiscovered biological mechanisms associated with the dedifferentiated oncogenic state. Analyses of the tumor microenvironment revealed unanticipated correlation of cancer stemness with immune checkpoint expression and infiltrating immune cells. We found that the dedifferentiated oncogenic phenotype was generally most prominent in metastatic tumors. Application of our stemness indices to single-cell data revealed patterns of intra-tumor molecular heterogeneity. Finally, the indices allowed for the identification of novel targets and possible targeted therapies aimed at tumor differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathiane M Malta
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14049, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - John N Weinstein
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bożena Kamińska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of PAS, 02093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joerg Huelsken
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne; Switzerland
| | | | | | - Antonio Colaprico
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB)(2), 1050 Bruxelles; Belgium
| | | | - Sylwia Mazurek
- Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61701 Poznań, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lopa Mishra
- George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - Holger Heyn
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Krasnitz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Joshua M Stuart
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | | | - Peter W Laird
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Houtan Noushmehr
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14049, Brazil.
| | - Maciej Wiznerowicz
- Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61701 Poznań, Poland; Greater Poland Cancer Center, 61866 Poznań, Poland; International Institute for Molecular Oncology, 60203 Poznań, Poland.
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24
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Cao J, Zhao M, Liu J, Zhang X, Pei Y, Wang J, Yang X, Shen B, Zhang J. RACK1 Promotes Self-Renewal and Chemoresistance of Cancer Stem Cells in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Stabilizing Nanog. Theranostics 2019; 9:811-828. [PMID: 30809310 PMCID: PMC6376462 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been proposed as a new strategy to eradicate malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanisms by which CSCs sustain their self-renewal and chemoresistance remain elusive. Nanog is a master transcriptional regulator of stemness, especially in CSCs. Its expression is tightly regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Whether the suppression of Nanog ubiquitination contributes to its over-expression in CSCs has not been explored. In addition, the role of receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1), an adaptor protein implicated in HCC growth, in liver CSC-like traits remains to be determined. Methods: In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to investigate the role of RACK1 in liver CSC-like phenotype and murine ESC function. How RACK1 regulates Nanog expression was explored by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. The interaction of RACK1 with Nanog and the consequent effects on Nanog ubiquitination and stemness were then analyzed. Results: RACK1 promotes self-renewal and chemoresistance of human liver CSCs and maintains murine ESC function. Consistently, RACK1 enhances the expression of Nanog in human HCC cells and murine ESCs. The protein levels of RACK1 in clinical HCC tissues positively correlate with those of Nanog. Further exploration indicates that RACK1 directly binds to Nanog, which prevents its recruitment of E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW8 and ubiquitin-dependent degradation. The interaction with Nanog is essential for RACK1 to promote stemness. Conclusions: Our data provide novel insights into the regulation of Nanog protein levels, as well the key role of RACK1 to enhance self-renewal and chemoresistance of CSCs in human HCC.
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25
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Li N, Zhu Y. Targeting liver cancer stem cells for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2019; 12:1756284818821560. [PMID: 30719075 PMCID: PMC6348509 DOI: 10.1177/1756284818821560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and prognosis remains poor. It has been increasingly recognized that liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are responsible for the carcinogenesis, recurrence, metastasis and chemoresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Targeting LCSCs is promising to be a new direction for the treatment of HCC. Herein, we summarize the potentially therapeutic targets in LCSCs at the level of genes, molecules and cells, such as knockout of oncogenes or oncoproteins, restoring the silent tumor suppressor genes, inhibition of the transcription factors and regulation of noncoding RNAs (including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs) in LCSCs at the genetic level; inhibition of markers and blockade of the key signaling pathways of LCSCs at the molecular level; and inhibiting autophagy and application of oncolytic adenoviruses in LCSCs at the cellular level. Moreover, we analyze the potential targets in LCSCs to eliminate chemoresistance of HCC. Thereinto, the suppression of autophagy and Nanog by chloroquine and shRNA respectively may be the most promising targeting approaches. These targets may provide novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of HCC by targeting LCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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26
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Boudouresque F, Siret C, Dobric A, Silvy F, Soubeyran P, Iovanna J, Lombardo D, Berthois Y. Ribonuclease MCPiP1 contributes to the loss of micro-RNA-200 family members in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35941-35961. [PMID: 30542509 PMCID: PMC6267598 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microRNA-200 (miR-200) family is frequently down-regulated in tumors, including pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PDACs). In this study we have examined the mechanisms involved in the loss of miR-200s in tumoral pancreatic cells. Whereas miR-200 gene promoters appear methylated in mature miR-200 deficient cell lines, miR-200 precursors are detected in nuclear but not cytoplasmic compartment of these cells, indicating that promoter hypermethylation is not sufficient to explain the deficit of mature miR-200s. The ribonuclease Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-induced Protein-1 (MCPiP1) may counteract Dicer1 in miRNA maturation process. MCPiP1/Dicer1 mRNA and protein ratios appear higher in miR-200 deficient compared to miR-200 proficient cells, suggesting that MCPiP1 may compete with Dicer1 in mature miR-200 deficient cells. Inhibition of MCPiP1 allows the detection of miR-200 precursors in cytoplasm of miR-200 deficient cells, confirming its involvement in the loss of miR-200s. Also, reversion of MCPiP1/Dicer1 ratio by over-expression of Dicer1 in miR-200 deficient cells leads to the recovery of mature miR-200s. Finally, whereas human malignant pancreatic tissues (PDACs) express lower miR-200 levels than non malignant tissues (non-MPDs), MCPiP1/Dicer1 ratio appears higher in PDACs, when compared to non-MPDs, supporting the hypothesis that MCPiP1/Dicer1 ratio is determinant in regulating miR-200 maturation process in a subset of tumoral pancreatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carole Siret
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Dobric
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France.,Present address: Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Pancreatic Cancer Team, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Silvy
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France.,Present address: Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Pancreatic Cancer Team, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Soubeyran
- Present address: Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Pancreatic Cancer Team, Marseille, France
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Present address: Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Pancreatic Cancer Team, Marseille, France
| | | | - Yolande Berthois
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM UMR 911, CRO2, Marseille, France.,Present address: Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Pancreatic Cancer Team, Marseille, France
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27
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Zhao J, Fu Y, Wu J, Li J, Huang G, Qin L. The Diverse Mechanisms of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the Maintenance of Liver Cancer Stem Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8686027. [PMID: 29888282 PMCID: PMC5977062 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8686027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The high frequency of recurrence and metastasis is the main reason for poor prognosis. Liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) have unlimited self-renewal, differentiation, and tumor-regenerating capacities. The maintenance of CSCs may account for the refractory features of liver cancer. Despite extensive investigations, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of liver CSCs remain elusive. miRNA and lncRNA, two major classes of the ncRNA family, can exert important roles in various biological processes, and their diverse regulatory mechanisms in CSC maintenance have acquired increasing attention. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of reviews summarizing these findings. Therefore, we systematically recapitulated the latest studies on miRNAs and lncRNAs in sustaining liver CSCs. Moreover, we highlighted the potential clinical application of these dysregulated ncRNAs as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review not only sheds new light to fully understand liver CSCs but also provides valuable clues on targeting ncRNAs to block or eradicate CSCs in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Guangjian Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lunxiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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28
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Wang R, Dong H, Zeng J, Pan J, Jin X. LncRNA DGCR5 contributes to CSC‐like properties via modulating miR‐330‐5p/CD44 in NSCLC. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:7447-7456. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren Wang
- Department of Respiratory MedicineTongren HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hui‐Xing Dong
- Department of Respiratory MedicineTongren HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jian Zeng
- Department of Respiratory MedicineTongren HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Respiratory MedicineTongren HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao‐Yan Jin
- Department of Respiratory MedicineTongren HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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29
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Qiu LP, Wu YH, Yu XF, Tang Q, Chen L, Chen KP. The Emerging Role of Circular RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Cancer 2018; 9:1548-1559. [PMID: 29760792 PMCID: PMC5950583 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks the third leading cause of cancer death in the world and has a notably low survival rate. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are newly classed non-coding RNA (ncRNA) members that are capable of regulating gene expression at transcription or post-transcription levels. Recent studies demonstrate that some circRNAs are differentially expressed in HCC, and the deregulation of these circRNAs is associated with the clinical pathological and prognostic significance. They also play essential roles in HCC progression, and contribute to cell proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis by targeting different microRNAs (miRNAs) and protein-coding genes. In this review, we concentrate on recent progress of some important circRNAs in HCC, with an emphasis on their deregulation, functions and regulatory mechanisms, and discuss their potential utility as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Peng Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Hang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke-Ping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
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30
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ELF3 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by protecting ZEB1 from miR-141-3p-mediated silencing in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2018. [PMID: 29523781 PMCID: PMC5845010 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant cancers and currently the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths, worldwide. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a major role in HCC progression. In this study, we first found that the expression of E74-like ETS transcription factor 3 (ELF3), a member of the E-twenty-six family of transcription factors, was increased in HCC tissues, and that ELF3 overexpression was associated with poor prognoses for HCC patients. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies revealed that increased ELF3 expression promoted HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while these processes were inhibited when ELF3 was silenced. Additionally, ELF3 was found to promote EMT, which we demonstrated through decreased E-cadherin expression and increased N-cadherin and fibronectin expression. ELF3 knockdown reversed EMT via repressing ZEB1 expression through miR-141-3p upregulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that ELF3 bound to the miR-141-3p promoter, suppressing miR-141-3p expression. Taken together, our data show that ELF3 repressed E-cadherin and promoted EMT in HCC cells by suppressing miR-141-3p, thereby activating ZEB1. Thus, ELF3 may be a potential prognostic biomarker and/or therapeutic target for HCC.
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31
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Wang LK, Xie XN, Song XH, Su T, Chang XL, Xu M, Liang B, Huang DY. Upregulation of miR-200b Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Migration by Targeting HMGB3 Protein. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018; 17:1533033818806475. [PMID: 30343649 PMCID: PMC6198386 DOI: 10.1177/1533033818806475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
HMGB3 belongs to the high-mobility group box subfamily and has been found to be overexpressed in gastric cancer. However, the expression and the role of HMGB3 in human hepatocellular carcinoma remain unknown. Here, we report that HMGB3, which is suppressed by miR-200b, contributes to cell proliferation and migration in human hepatocellular carcinoma. After analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas data of 371 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, we identified HMGB3 to be upregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissue. Knockdown of HMGB3 in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line suppressed cell proliferation and migration. TargetScan analysis showed miR-200b to be a possible regulator for HMGB3. Subsequent luciferase assays indicated that HMGB3 was a direct target of miR-200b. In addition, upregulation of miR-200b inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth and migration. HMGB3 overexpression or miR-200b downregulation was associated with poor prognosis. Our findings suggest HMGB3 may serve as an important oncoprotein whose expression is negatively regulated by miR-200b in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-kun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xi-Na Xie
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu-Hong Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ting Su
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Man Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Dong-Yang Huang and Bin Liang, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China. Emails: ;
| | - Dong-Yang Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Dong-Yang Huang and Bin Liang, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China. Emails: ;
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32
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Mekala JR, Naushad SM, Ponnusamy L, Arivazhagan G, Sakthiprasad V, Pal-Bhadra M. Epigenetic regulation of miR-200 as the potential strategy for the therapy against triple-negative breast cancer. Gene 2017; 641:248-258. [PMID: 29038000 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, non-coding RNAs that are involved in the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. MicroRNAs play an important role in cancer cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis. Epigenetic modifiers regulate the microRNA expression. Among the epigenetic players, histone deacetylases (HDACs) function as the key regulators of microRNA expression. Epigenetic machineries such as DNA and histone modifying enzymes and various microRNAs have been identified as the important contributors in cancer initiation and progression. Recent studies have shown that developing innovative microRNA-targeting therapies might improve the human health, specifically against the disease areas of high unmet medical need. Thus microRNA based therapeutics are gaining importance for anti-cancer therapy. Studies on Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) have revealed the early relapse and poor overall survival of patients which needs immediate therapeutic attention. In this report, we focus the effect of HDAC inhibitors on TNBC cell proliferation, regulation of microRNA gene expression by a series of HDAC genes, chromatin epigenetics, epigenetic remodelling at miR-200 promoter and its modulation by various HDACs. We also discuss the need for identifying novel HDAC inhibitors for modulation of miR-200 in triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaki Ramaiah Mekala
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, India.
| | | | - Lavanya Ponnusamy
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Gayatri Arivazhagan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Vaishnave Sakthiprasad
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Manika Pal-Bhadra
- CSIR - Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-IICT, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
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