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Yang R, Han Y, Guan X, Hong Y, Meng J, Ding S, Long Q, Yi W. Regulation and clinical potential of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT/hTERT) in breast cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:218. [PMID: 37612721 PMCID: PMC10463831 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01244-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT/hTERT) serves as the pivotal catalytic subunit of telomerase, a crucial enzyme responsible for telomere maintenance and human genome stability. The high activation of hTERT, observed in over 90% of tumors, plays a significant role in tumor initiation and progression. An in-depth exploration of hTERT activation mechanisms in cancer holds promise for advancing our understanding of the disease and developing more effective treatment strategies. In breast cancer, the expression of hTERT is regulated by epigenetic, transcriptional, post-translational modification mechanisms and DNA variation. Besides its canonical function in telomere maintenance, hTERT exerts non-canonical roles that contribute to disease progression through telomerase-independent mechanisms. This comprehensive review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms governing hTERT in breast cancer and elucidates the functional implications of its activation. Given the overexpression of hTERT in most breast cancer cells, the detection of hTERT and its associated molecules are potential for enhancing early screening and prognostic evaluation of breast cancer. Although still in its early stages, therapeutic approaches targeting hTERT and its regulatory molecules show promise as viable strategies for breast cancer treatment. These methods are also discussed in this paper. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruozhu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Xinyu Guan
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yue Hong
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Jiahao Meng
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Shirong Ding
- Department of Oncology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China.
| | - Qian Long
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China.
| | - Wenjun Yi
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China.
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Zhang D, Liu S, Wu Q, Ma Y, Zhou S, Liu Z, Sun W, Lu Z. Prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma based on anoikis-related genes: immune landscape analysis and prediction of drug sensitivity. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1232814. [PMID: 37502362 PMCID: PMC10369074 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1232814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a complex ailment characterized by an unfavorable prognosis in advanced stages. The involvement of immune cells in HCC progression is of significant importance. Moreover, metastasis poses a substantial impediment to enhanced prognostication for HCC patients, with anoikis playing an indispensable role in facilitating the distant metastasis of tumor cells. Nevertheless, limited investigations have been conducted regarding the utilization of anoikis factors for predicting HCC prognosis and assessing immune infiltration. This present study aims to identify hepatocellular carcinoma-associated anoikis-related genes (ANRGs), establish a robust prognostic model for HCC, and delineate distinct immune characteristics based on the anoikis signature. Cell migration and cytotoxicity experiments were performed to validate the accuracy of the ANRGs model. Methods Consensus clustering based on ANRGs was employed in this investigation to categorize HCC samples obtained from both TCGA and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohorts. To assess the differentially expressed genes, Cox regression analysis was conducted, and subsequently, prognostic gene signatures were constructed using LASSO-Cox methodology. External validation was performed at the International Cancer Genome Conference. The tumor microenvironment (TME) was characterized utilizing ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms, while machine learning techniques facilitated the identification of potential target drugs. The wound healing assay and CCK-8 assay were employed to evaluate the migratory capacity and drug sensitivity of HCC cell lines, respectively. Results Utilizing the TCGA-LIHC dataset, we devised a nomogram integrating a ten-gene signature with diverse clinicopathological features. Furthermore, the discriminative potential and clinical utility of the ten-gene signature and nomogram were substantiated through ROC analysis and DCA. Subsequently, we devised a prognostic framework leveraging gene expression data from distinct risk cohorts to predict the drug responsiveness of HCC subtypes. Conclusion In this study, we have established a promising HCC prognostic ANRGs model, which can serve as a valuable tool for clinicians in selecting targeted therapeutic drugs, thereby improving overall patient survival rates. Additionally, this model has also revealed a strong connection between anoikis and immune cells, providing a potential avenue for elucidating the mechanisms underlying immune cell infiltration regulated by anoikis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyong Zhang
- Graduate School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Sihua Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Shuo Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wanliang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zheng Lu
- Graduate School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Tang X, Xu R, Wang Y, Chen K, Cui S. TERC haploid cell reprogramming: a novel therapeutic strategy for aplastic anemia. Mol Med 2023; 29:94. [PMID: 37424004 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00691-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The telomerase RNA component (TERC) gene plays an important role in telomerase-dependent extension and maintenance of the telomeres. In the event of TERC haploinsufficiency, telomere length is often affected; this, in turn, can result in the development of progeria-related diseases such as aplastic anemia (AA) and congenital keratosis. Cell reprogramming can reverse the differentiation process and can, therefore, transform cells into pluripotent stem cells with stronger differentiation and self-renewal abilities; further, cell reprograming can also extend the telomere length of these cells, which may be crucial in the diagnosis and treatment of telomere depletion diseases such as AA. In this study, we summarized the effects of TERC haploid cell reprogramming on telomere length and the correlation between this alteration and the pathogenesis of AA; by investigating the role of cell reprogramming in AA, we aimed to identify novel diagnostic indicators and therapeutic strategies for patients with AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Tang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Ruirong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Kaiqing Chen
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Siyuan Cui
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
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Zhou Z, Yang Z, Zhou L, Yang M, He S. The versatile roles of testrapanins in cancer from intracellular signaling to cell-cell communication: cell membrane proteins without ligands. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:59. [PMID: 36941633 PMCID: PMC10025802 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The tetraspanins (TSPANs) are a family of four-transmembrane proteins with 33 members in mammals. They are variably expressed on the cell surface, various intracellular organelles and vesicles in nearly all cell types. Different from the majority of cell membrane proteins, TSPANs do not have natural ligands. TSPANs typically organize laterally with other membrane proteins to form tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs) to influence cell adhesion, migration, invasion, survival and induce downstream signaling. Emerging evidence shows that TSPANs can regulate not only cancer cell growth, metastasis, stemness, drug resistance, but also biogenesis of extracellular vesicles (exosomes and migrasomes), and immunomicroenvironment. This review summarizes recent studies that have shown the versatile function of TSPANs in cancer development and progression, or the molecular mechanism of TSPANs. These findings support the potential of TSPANs as novel therapeutic targets against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Center, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zihan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Center, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Center, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Center, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Song He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Udroiu I, Marinaccio J, Sgura A. Many Functions of Telomerase Components: Certainties, Doubts, and Inconsistencies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315189. [PMID: 36499514 PMCID: PMC9736166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies have evidenced non-telomeric functions of "telomerase". Almost all of them, however, investigated the non-canonical effects of the catalytic subunit TERT, and not the telomerase ribonucleoprotein holoenzyme. These functions mainly comprise signal transduction, gene regulation and the increase of anti-oxidative systems. Although less studied, TERC (the RNA component of telomerase) has also been shown to be involved in gene regulation, as well as other functions. All this has led to the publication of many reviews on the subject, which, however, are often disseminating personal interpretations of experimental studies of other researchers as original proofs. Indeed, while some functions such as gene regulation seem ascertained, especially because mechanistic findings have been provided, other ones remain dubious and/or are contradicted by other direct or indirect evidence (e.g., telomerase activity at double-strand break site, RNA polymerase activity of TERT, translation of TERC, mitochondrion-processed TERC). In a critical study of the primary evidence so far obtained, we show those functions for which there is consensus, those showing contradictory results and those needing confirmation. The resulting picture, together with some usually neglected aspects, seems to indicate a link between TERT and TERC functions and cellular stemness and gives possible directions for future research.
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Garcia-Mayea Y, Mir C, Carballo L, Sánchez-García A, Bataller M, LLeonart ME. TSPAN1, a novel tetraspanin member highly involved in carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1877:188674. [PMID: 34979155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The tetraspanin (TSPAN) family constitutes a poorly explored family of membrane receptors involved in various physiological processes, with relevant roles in anchoring multiple proteins, acting as scaffolding proteins, and cell signaling. Recent studies have increasingly demonstrated the involvement of TSPANs in cancer. In particular, tetraspanin 1 (also known as TSPAN1, NET-1, TM4C, C4.8 or GEF) has been implicated in cell survival, proliferation and invasion. Recently, our laboratory revealed a key role of TSPAN1 in the acquired resistance of tumor cells to conventional chemotherapy (e.g., cisplatin). In this review, we summarize and discuss the latest research on the physiological mechanisms of TSPANs in cancer and, in particular, on TSPAN1 regulating resistance to chemotherapy. A model of TSPAN1 action is proposed, and the potential of targeting TSPAN1 in anticancer therapeutic strategies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoelsis Garcia-Mayea
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Mir
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Carballo
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Almudena Sánchez-García
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Bataller
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilde E LLeonart
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network Center in Oncology, CIBERONC, Spain.
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Mechanism of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase ( hTERT) Regulation and Clinical Impacts in Leukemia. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081188. [PMID: 34440361 PMCID: PMC8392866 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The proliferative capacity and continuous survival of cells are highly dependent on telomerase expression and the maintenance of telomere length. For this reason, elevated expression of telomerase has been identified in virtually all cancers, including leukemias; however, it should be noted that expression of telomerase is sometimes observed later in malignant development. This time point of activation is highly dependent on the type of leukemia and its causative factors. Many recent studies in this field have contributed to the elucidation of the mechanisms by which the various forms of leukemias increase telomerase activity. These include the dysregulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) at various levels which include transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational stages. The pathways and biological molecules involved in these processes are also being deciphered with the advent of enabling technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS), and many others. It has also been established that TERT possess diagnostic value as most adult cells do not express high levels of telomerase. Indeed, studies have shown that prognosis is not favorable in patients who have leukemias expressing high levels of telomerase. Recent research has indicated that targeting of this gene is able to control the survival of malignant cells and therefore offers a potential treatment for TERT-dependent leukemias. Here we review the mechanisms of hTERT regulation and deliberate their association in malignant states of leukemic cells. Further, we also cover the clinical implications of this gene including its use in diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic discoveries.
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Lu KH, Yang JS, Hsieh YH, Chu HJ, Chou CH, Lu EWH, Lin CW, Yang SF. Lipocalin-2 Inhibits Osteosarcoma Cell Metastasis by Suppressing MET Expression via the MEK-ERK Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133181. [PMID: 34202288 PMCID: PMC8268143 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Higher neutrophil-derived cytokine lipocalin-2 (LCN2) expression possesses a versatile role in a myriad of cancers, but little is known about the role of LCN2 on osteosarcoma metastasis. In this study, we demonstrated that higher LCN2 inhibited cellular motility, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 was decreased by LCN2 knockdown. Conclusively, LCN2 inhibits osteosarcoma cell metastasis by suppressing MET via the mitogen-activated protein kinases/ERK kinase (MEK)–ERK pathway. Abstract Higher neutrophil-derived cytokine lipocalin-2 (LCN2) expression possesses a versatile role in a myriad of cancers, but little is known about the role of LCN2 on osteosarcoma metastasis. In this study, we demonstrated that higher LCN2 inhibited cellular motility, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, using RNA sequencing technology, we found that LCN2 repressed MET gene expression in U2OS cells. Manipulation of LCN2 levels influenced the migratory potential of osteosarcoma cells as cellular migration was enhanced by transfecting with vectors containing a constitutively active LCN2 cDNA and recombinant human LCN2. Moreover, the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK) 1/2 and ERK 1/2 was decreased by LCN2 knockdown. Furthermore, the use of ERK inhibitor (U0126) and activator (tBHQ) confirmed that the pharmaceutic inhibition of MEK–ERK augmented the LCN2-mediated MET suppression and migration of U2OS and HOS cells. Conclusively, LCN2 inhibits osteosarcoma cell metastasis by suppressing MET via the MEK–ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Hsiu Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Sin Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.-S.Y.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-J.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.-S.Y.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-J.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ju Chu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.-S.Y.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-J.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.-S.Y.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-J.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | | | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.L.); (S.-F.Y.); Tel.: +886-4-24739595-34253 (S.-F.Y)
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.-S.Y.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-J.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.L.); (S.-F.Y.); Tel.: +886-4-24739595-34253 (S.-F.Y)
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Assessment of telomerase as drug target in breast cancer. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Kumar M, Jaiswal RK, Yadava PK, Singh RP. An assessment of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 role in normal and cancer cells. Biofactors 2020; 46:894-905. [PMID: 33098603 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a superfamily of 18 proteins characterized by the PARP homology domain, the catalytic domain. This catalytic domain helps in the ADP-ribosylation of various acceptor proteins using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a donor for ADP-ribose. PARP-1 and PARP-2 carry out 80% of poly-ADP-ribosylation of cellular protein. Hence, their combined knockout results in embryonic lethality of mice. PARP-1 consists of three major domains, namely, DNA binding domain, automodification domain, and a catalytic domain. These domains further consist of subdomains and motifs, which helps PARP-1 in a diverse function. PARP-1 is mainly involved in DNA damage detection and repair, but emerging evidence suggests its role in many other functions such as DNA synthesis, replication, apoptosis, necrosis, and cancer progression. Herein, we review the current state of the PARP-1 role in DNA damage repair and other biological processes including epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). We have also observed the role of PARP-1 in modulating EMT regulators like E-cadherin, Vimentin, Claudin-1, Snail, Smad-4, Twist-1, and β-catenin. Here, we have also attempted to relate the role of PARP-1 in EMT of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Pramod K Yadava
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rana P Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Singh AK, Yadav AN, Srivastav S, Jaiswal RK, Srivastava A, Mondal AC, Singh K. CdSe- Reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite toxicity alleviation via V 2O 5 shell formation over CdSe core: in vivo and in vitro studies. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:415101. [PMID: 32311687 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8b0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present article demonstrates the synthesis of the nanocomposite of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with CdSe and CdSe/V2O5 core/shell quantum dots by a two-step facile synthesis approach and subsequently studies their relative biocompatibility in different cells. Various characterization techniques have been applied including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), an x-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy to confirm the successful formation of CdSe-rGO and CdSe/V2O5-rGO nanocomposites. The average sizes of CdSe and CdSe/V2O5 QDs have found to be ∼3 and 5.5 nm, respectively with a good dispersion over the surface of rGO nanosheets. A crystal phase change has occurred during the formation of the V2O5 shell over the surface of CdSe QDs and confirmed through XRD. Raman spectroscopy has shown some useful insight of the surface state of CdSe and consequent changes in the surface with V2O5 shell growth. Further, MTT and cell growth assays have been performed to analyze their biocompatibility in A549 and Hela cells with various concentrations of as-synthesized materials. Our results demonstrate the toxicity of CdSe-rGO nanocomposite to be substantially reduced by the growth of the V2O5 shell. The in vivo studies in Drosophila show a remarkable decrease in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis levels for a CdSe/V2O5-rGO composite as compared to a CdSe-rGO nanocomposite, which paves a promising pathway for the CdSe/V2O5-rGO nanocomposite to be used as an efficient biocompatible material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar Singh
- Center for Semiconductor and Nanotechnology Components, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Sao Paulo, Brazil. School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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12
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Li J, Dong G, Song J, Tan G, Wu X. Telomerase inhibition decreases esophageal squamous carcinoma cell migration and invasion. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2870-2880. [PMID: 32782603 PMCID: PMC7400735 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase has been shown to be associated with a variety of cancer types. To elucidate the role of telomerase in esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC), tissue samples from 100 patients with ESCC, and paired paracancerous tissues from 75 of these patients, were collected for use in the present study. Using immunohistochemical analysis, the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in the cytoplasm of ESCC cells was revealed to be significantly higher compared with that in paracancerous tissues, and no significant difference was observed between hTERT expression in the nucleus of ESCC and paracancerous tissue cells. Combined analysis revealed that the cytoplasmic hTERT-positive rate of patients with ESCC was significantly associated with pathological grade, N stage and Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage; these data support the association between hTERT expression and poor patient prognosis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that hTERT knockdown does not inhibit the proliferation of ESCC Kyse410 or Kyse520 cells, but inhibits their migration and invasion abilities. These findings indicate that hTERT expression is associated with ESCC metastasis. Interestingly, decreased colony-formation ability was observed in Kyse410 cells, but not in Kyse520 cells. Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that hTERT may serve as a potential therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Li
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Guogang Dong
- The General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command of The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jinyun Song
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Guolei Tan
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Xuping Wu
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
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13
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Jaiswal RK, Yadava PK. TGF-β-mediated regulation of plasminogen activators is human telomerase reverse transcriptase dependent in cancer cells. Biofactors 2019; 45:803-817. [PMID: 31317567 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase is a specialized reverse transcriptase/terminal transferase enzyme that adds telomeric repeat sequences at the extreme end of a newly replicated chromosome. Apart from telomere lengthening, telomerase has many extracurricular activities. Telomerase is known to regulate the expression of many genes and helps in cancer progression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs). We have previously reported that human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) regulates the expression of plasminogen activator such as urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in cancer cells following a genome-wide transcriptomic study. Here, we present data substantiating these results in terms of real-time assays, western blots, and immunofluorescence. Another aim of this study is to find out the possible mechanism by which hTERT regulates the expression of plasminogen activators. We have used some molecular biology techniques such as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence and some assays such as wound healing assay and colony formation assay to solve this question. In this study, we show a positive association between hTERT and uPA. We also demonstrate that hTERT enhances uPA expression concomitant with EMT. Knocking down of hTERT reduces uPA expression as well as reverses EMT in cancer cells. We have also found that uPA is a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-induced protein. Our observations establish that TGF-β-induced uPA expression is hTERT dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi K Jaiswal
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Pramod K Yadava
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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14
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Sun T, Zhong X, Song H, Liu J, Li J, Leung F, Lu WW, Liu ZL. Anoikis resistant mediated by FASN promoted growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:298. [PMID: 30931932 PMCID: PMC6443797 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma (OS) occurs commonly, which resulted from anoikis resistant (AR) of tumor cells as reported by previous studies, but the exact roles of AR in osteosarcoma were not fully studied. Our previous investigations showed fatty acid synthase (FASN) was relating to clinical features of patients with OS. In this study, we aim to explore the functions of FASN in the AR OS cells in vitro and in vivo and study the downstream effectors of FASN. In the present study, we used our established cell model to study the AR. We revealed that AR promoted cell proliferation and migration as determined by colony formation assay and transwell assay. In addition, AR assisted tumor growth in vivo. In the AR cells, the expression of FASN was higher. Thus, we constructed lentiviruses to silence or overexpress FASN in four cell lines to study functions of FASN. Silence of FASN reduced cell colonies and migration while overexpression of FASN increased colonies and migration in suspended cells. Loss of functions of FASN induced cell apoptosis in suspended OS cells while gain of function of FASN suppressed apoptosis as determined by flow cytometry. We found the levels of p-ERK1/2 and Bcl-xL declined when FASN was silenced while they increased when FASN was overexpressed. In addition, results showed that the levels of FASN and its potential related molecules (p-ERK1/2 and Bcl-xL) increased in 143B-AR and MG-63-AR cells. In vivo study showed that inhibition of FASN decreased pulmonary metastasis of OS. In conclusion, we showed that anoikis resistant and FASN as two interactional factors facilitated the progress of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xing Zhong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.,Division of Chemotherapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Honghai Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jingao Li
- Division of Chemotherapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Frankie Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - William W Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Zhi-Li Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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