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Gabbianelli R, Shahar E, de Simone G, Rucci C, Bordoni L, Feliziani G, Zhao F, Ferrati M, Maggi F, Spinozzi E, Mahajna J. Plant-Derived Epi-Nutraceuticals as Potential Broad-Spectrum Anti-Viral Agents. Nutrients 2023; 15:4719. [PMID: 38004113 PMCID: PMC10675658 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the COVID-19 pandemic appears to be diminishing, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants represents a threat to humans due to their inherent transmissibility, immunological evasion, virulence, and invulnerability to existing therapies. The COVID-19 pandemic affected more than 500 million people and caused over 6 million deaths. Vaccines are essential, but in circumstances in which vaccination is not accessible or in individuals with compromised immune systems, drugs can provide additional protection. Targeting host signaling pathways is recommended due to their genomic stability and resistance barriers. Moreover, targeting host factors allows us to develop compounds that are effective against different viral variants as well as against newly emerging virus strains. In recent years, the globe has experienced climate change, which may contribute to the emergence and spread of infectious diseases through a variety of factors. Warmer temperatures and changing precipitation patterns can increase the geographic range of disease-carrying vectors, increasing the risk of diseases spreading to new areas. Climate change may also affect vector behavior, leading to a longer breeding season and more breeding sites for disease vectors. Climate change may also disrupt ecosystems, bringing humans closer to wildlife that transmits zoonotic diseases. All the above factors may accelerate the emergence of new viral epidemics. Plant-derived products, which have been used in traditional medicine for treating pathological conditions, offer structurally novel therapeutic compounds, including those with anti-viral activity. In addition, plant-derived bioactive substances might serve as the ideal basis for developing sustainable/efficient/cost-effective anti-viral alternatives. Interest in herbal antiviral products has increased. More than 50% of approved drugs originate from herbal sources. Plant-derived compounds offer diverse structures and bioactive molecules that are candidates for new drug development. Combining these therapies with conventional drugs could improve patient outcomes. Epigenetics modifications in the genome can affect gene expression without altering DNA sequences. Host cells can use epigenetic gene regulation as a mechanism to silence incoming viral DNA molecules, while viruses recruit cellular epitranscriptomic (covalent modifications of RNAs) modifiers to increase the translational efficiency and transcript stability of viral transcripts to enhance viral gene expression and replication. Moreover, viruses manipulate host cells' epigenetic machinery to ensure productive viral infections. Environmental factors, such as natural products, may influence epigenetic modifications. In this review, we explore the potential of plant-derived substances as epigenetic modifiers for broad-spectrum anti-viral activity, reviewing their modulation processes and anti-viral effects on DNA and RNA viruses, as well as addressing future research objectives in this rapidly emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (R.G.); (G.d.S.); (L.B.); (G.F.); (F.Z.)
| | - Ehud Shahar
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal—Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel;
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Kiryat Shmona 1220800, Israel
| | - Gaia de Simone
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (R.G.); (G.d.S.); (L.B.); (G.F.); (F.Z.)
| | - Chiara Rucci
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (R.G.); (G.d.S.); (L.B.); (G.F.); (F.Z.)
| | - Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (R.G.); (G.d.S.); (L.B.); (G.F.); (F.Z.)
| | - Giulia Feliziani
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (R.G.); (G.d.S.); (L.B.); (G.F.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fanrui Zhao
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (R.G.); (G.d.S.); (L.B.); (G.F.); (F.Z.)
| | - Marta Ferrati
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.F.); (F.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.F.); (F.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Eleonora Spinozzi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.F.); (F.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Jamal Mahajna
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal—Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel;
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Kiryat Shmona 1220800, Israel
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Pant K, Venugopal SK, Lorenzo Pisarello MJ, Gradilone SA. The Role of Gut Microbiome-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acid Butyrate in Hepatobiliary Diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1455-1467. [PMID: 37422149 PMCID: PMC10548274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The short-chain fatty acid butyrate, produced from fermentable carbohydrates by gut microbiota in the colon, has multiple beneficial effects on human health. At the intestinal level, butyrate regulates metabolism, helps in the transepithelial transport of fluids, inhibits inflammation, and induces the epithelial defense barrier. The liver receives a large amount of short-chain fatty acids via the blood flowing from the gut via the portal vein. Butyrate helps prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, inflammation, cancer, and liver injuries. It ameliorates metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance and obesity, and plays a direct role in preventing fatty liver diseases. Butyrate has different mechanisms of action, including strong regulatory effects on the expression of many genes by inhibiting the histone deacetylases and modulating cellular metabolism. The present review highlights the wide range of beneficial therapeutic and unfavorable adverse effects of butyrate, with a high potential for clinically important uses in several liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Pant
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota.
| | - Senthil K Venugopal
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Maria J Lorenzo Pisarello
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA), National Council of Scientific and Technological Research, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina; Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sergio A Gradilone
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Zhang K, Ji X, Song Z, Song W, Huang Q, Yu T, Shi D, Wang F, Xue X, Guo J. Butyrate inhibits the mitochondrial complex Ι to mediate mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of cervical cancer cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:212. [PMID: 37370057 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer (CC) is a common gynecological malignancy with high morbidity worldwide. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by intestinal flora, has been reported to inhibit cervical carcinogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the pro-apoptotic effects of butyrate on CC and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Human HeLa and Ca Ski cells were used in this study. Cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion were detected by CCK-8 and EdU staining, transwell and wound healing assay, respectively. Cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. Western blot and RT-qPCR were carried out to examine the related genes and proteins to the mitochondrial complex Ι and apoptosis. Metabolite changes were analyzed by energy metabolomics and assay kits. The association between G protein-coupled receptor 41, 43, 109a and CC prognosis was analyzed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RESULTS CCK-8 results showed significant inhibition of CC cell proliferation induced by butyrate treatment, which was confirmed by EdU staining and cell cycle detection. Data from the transwell and wound healing assay revealed that CC cell migration was dramatically reduced following butyrate treatment. Additionally, invasiveness was also decreased by butyrate. Western blot analysis showed that cleaved Caspase 3 and cleaved PARP, the enforcers of apoptosis, were increased by butyrate treatment. The results of Annexin V/PI staining and TUNEL also showed an increase in butyrate-induced apoptotic cells. Expression of Cytochrome C (Cytc), Caspase 9, Bax, but not Caspase 12 or 8, were up-regulated under butyrate exposure. Mechanistically, the decrease in mitochondrial NADH and NAD + levels after treatment with butyrate was observed by energy metabolomics and the NAD+/NADH Assay Kit, similar to the effects of the complex Ι inhibitor rotenone. Western blot results also demonstrated that the constituent proteins of mitochondrial complex Ι were reduced by butyrate. Furthermore, mitochondria-dependent apoptosis has been shown to be initiated by inhibition of the complex Ι. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results revealed that butyrate inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of CC cells, and induced mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis by inhibiting mitochondrial complex Ι.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiawei Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhengyang Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wenjing Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Qunjia Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Tiantian Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Dibang Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Fangyan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiangyang Xue
- Wenzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Basic Research and Precision Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer-related Pathogens and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Junping Guo
- Wuyunshan Hospital of Hangzhou, Health Promotion and Research Institute of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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Paula Ceballos M, Darío Quiroga A, Palma NF. Role of sirtuins in hepatocellular carcinoma progression and multidrug resistance: Mechanistical and pharmacological perspectives. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115573. [PMID: 37127248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. Therapeutic strategies are still challenging due to the high relapse rate after surgery and multidrug resistance (MDR). It is essential to better understand the mechanisms for HCC progression and MDR for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Mammalian sirtuins (SIRTs), a family of seven members, are related to tumor progression, MDR and prognosis and were proposed as potential prognostic markers, as well as therapeutic targets for treating cancer. SIRT1 is the most studied member and is overexpressed in HCC, playing an oncogenic role and predicting poor prognosis. Several manuscripts describe the role of SIRTs2-7 in HCC; most of them report an oncogenic role for SIRT2 and -7 and a suppressive role for SIRT3 and -4. The scenario is more confusing for SIRT5 and -6, since information is contradictory and scarce. For SIRT1 many inhibitors are available and they seem to hold therapeutic promise in HCC. For the other members the development of specific modulators has just started. This review is aimed to describe the features of SIRTs1-7 in HCC, and the role they play in the onset and progression of the disease. Also, when possible, we will depict the information related to the SIRTs modulators that have been tested in HCC and their possible implication in MDR. With this, we hope to clarify the role of each member in HCC and to shed some light on the most successful strategies to overcome MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paula Ceballos
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Suipacha 70 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Ariel Darío Quiroga
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Suipacha 70 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina; Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Suipachs 570 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina; Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS) Sede Regional Rosario, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Av. Pellegrini 1618 (S2000BUG), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Francisco Palma
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Suipacha 70 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina; Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Suipachs 570 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina
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Mishra AK, Hossain MM, Umar M, Sata TN, Yadav AK, Sah AK, Ismail M, Nayak B, Shalimar, Venugopal SK. DDX3-mediated miR-34 expression inhibits autophagy and HBV replication in hepatic cells. J Viral Hepat 2023; 30:327-334. [PMID: 36597176 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
HBV entry to the host cells and its successful infection depends on its ability to modulate the host restriction factors. DEAD box RNA helicase, DDX3, is shown to inhibit HBV replication. However, the exact mechanism of inhibition still remains unclear. DDX3 is involved in multitude or RNA metabolism processes including biogenesis of miRNAs. In this study, we sought to determine the mechanism involved in DDX3-mediated HBV inhibition. First, we observed that HBx protein of HBV downregulated DDX3 expression in HBV-infected cells. Overexpression of DDX3 inhibited HBx, HBsAg and total viral load, while its knockdown reversed the result in Hep G2.2.15 cells. Expression of miR-34 was downregulated in HBV-infected cells. Overexpression of pHBV1.3 further confirmed that HBV downregulates miR-34 expression. Consistent with the previous finding that DDX3 is involved in miRNA biogenesis, we observed that expression of miR-34 positively corelated with DDX3 expression. miRNA target prediction tools showed that miR-34 can target autophagy pathway which is hijacked by HBV for the benefit of its own replication. Indeed, transfection with miR-34 oligos downregulated the expression of autophagy marker proteins in HBV-expressing cells. Overexpression of DDX3 in HBV-expressing cells, downregulated expression of autophagy proteins while silencing of DDX3 reversed the results. These results led us to conclude that DDX3 upregulates miR-34 expression and thus inhibits autophagy in HBV-expressing cells while HBx helps HBV evade DDX3-mediated inhibition by downregulating DDX3 expression in HBV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Mishra
- Lab of molecular medicine and Hepatology, FLSB, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Musa Hossain
- Lab of molecular medicine and Hepatology, FLSB, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Umar
- Lab of molecular medicine and Hepatology, FLSB, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Teja Naveen Sata
- Lab of molecular medicine and Hepatology, FLSB, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay K Yadav
- Lab of molecular medicine and Hepatology, FLSB, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amrendra Kumar Sah
- Lab of molecular medicine and Hepatology, FLSB, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Ismail
- Lab of molecular medicine and Hepatology, FLSB, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Baibaswata Nayak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Pant K, Richard S, Peixoto E, Yin J, Seelig DM, Carotenuto P, Salati M, Franco B, Roberts LR, Gradilone SA. The NAMPT Inhibitor FK866 in Combination with Cisplatin Reduces Cholangiocarcinoma Cells Growth. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050775. [PMID: 36899911 PMCID: PMC10001024 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that Cholangiocarcioma (CCA) drug resistance plays a crucial role in the spread and survival of cancer cells. The major enzyme in the nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-mediated pathways, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), is essential for cancer cell survival and metastasis. Previous research has shown that the targeted NAMPT inhibitor FK866 reduces cancer cell viability and triggers cancer cell death; however, whether FK866 affects CCA cell survival has not been addressed before. We show herein that NAMPT is expressed in CCA cells, and FK866 suppresses the capacity of CCA cells to grow in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, by preventing NAMPT activity, FK866 significantly reduced the amount of NAD+ and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) in HuCCT1, KMCH, and EGI cells. The present study's findings further show that FK866 causes changes in mitochondrial metabolism in CCA cells. Additionally, FK866 enhances the anticancer effects of cisplatin in vitro. Taken together, the results of the current study suggest that the NAMPT/NAD+ pathway may be a possible therapeutic target for CCA, and FK866 may be a useful medication targeting CCA in combination with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Pant
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Seth Richard
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Estanislao Peixoto
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jun Yin
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Davis M. Seelig
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Pietro Carotenuto
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Salati
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 411250 Modena, Italy
| | - Brunella Franco
- Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Genomics and Experimental Medicine Program, Scuola Superiore Meridionale, School for Advanced Studies, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lewis R. Roberts
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sergio A. Gradilone
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Correspondence:
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Mishra AK, Hossain MM, Sata TN, Yadav AK, Zadran S, Sah AK, Nayak B, Shalimar, Venugopal SK. Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Inhibits the Expression of Barrier To Autointegration factor1 via Upregulating miR-203 Expression in Hepatic Cells. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0123522. [PMID: 36519846 PMCID: PMC9927095 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01235-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection targets host restriction factors that inhibit its replication and survival. Previous studies have shown that barriers to autointegration factor1 (BANF1) inhibited the replication of herpes simplex virus and vaccinia virus by binding to phosphate backbone of dsDNA. To date, no reports are available for the interplay between BANF1 and HBV. In this study, we elucidated the mechanisms by which HBV inhibit BANF1. First, the effect of HBV on BANF1 was observed in Huh-7, Hep G2, and Hep G2.2.15 cells. Huh-7 cells were transfected with pHBV1.3 or HBx plasmids. The results showed that there was a decreased expression of BANF1 in Hep G2.2.15 cells (P ≤ 0.005) or in HBV/HBx expressing Huh-7 cells (P ≤ 0.005), whereas BANF1 overexpression decreased viral replication (P ≤ 0.05). To study whether phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of BANF1 was responsible for antiviral activity, mutants were created, and it was found that inhibition due to mutants was less significant compared to BANF1 wild type. Previous studies have shown that HBV, at least in part, could regulate the expression of host miRNAs via HBx. It was found that miR-203 expression was high in Hep G2.2.15 cells (P ≤ 0.005) compared to Hep G2 cells. Next, the effect of HBx on miR-203 expression was studied and result showed that HBx upregulated miR-203 expression (P ≤ 0.005). Overexpression of miR-203 downregulated BANF1 expression (P ≤ 0.05) and viral titer was upregulated (P ≤ 0.05), while inhibition of miR-203, reversed these changes. In conclusion, BANF1 downregulated HBV, whereas HBV inhibited BANF1, at least in part, via HBx-mediated miR-203 upregulation in hepatic cells. IMPORTANCE In this study, for the first time, we found that BANF1 inhibited HBV replication and restricted the viral load. However, as previously reported for other viruses, the results in this study showed that BAF1 phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is not involved in its antiviral activity against HBV. HBV infection inhibited the intracellular expression of BANF1, via HBx-mediated upregulation of miR-203 expression. Overexpression of miR-203 downregulated BANF1 and increased the viral titer, while inhibition of miR-203 reversed these changes. This study helped us to understand the molecular mechanisms by which HBV survives and replicates in the host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Mishra
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Musa Hossain
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
| | - Teja Naveen Sata
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay K. Yadav
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
| | - Shahidullah Zadran
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
| | - Amrendra Kumar Sah
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
| | - Baibaswata Nayak
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Shalimar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Senthil Kumar Venugopal
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
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Liu S, Yang X. Intestinal flora plays a role in the progression of hepatitis-cirrhosis-liver cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1140126. [PMID: 36968098 PMCID: PMC10034054 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1140126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a vital metabolism and detoxification organ of human body, which is involved in the biotransformation and metabolism of the organism. Hepatitis - cirrhosis - liver cancer are significant and common part of liver diseases. The pathogenesis of liver diseases is generally as followed: inflammation and other pathogenic factors cause persistent damage to the liver, leading to the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Patients with chronic hepatitis have a high risk of developing into liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even life-threatening liver cancer, which poses a great threat to public health.As the first organ to come into contact with blood from the gut, the liver is profoundly affected by the intestinal flora and its metabolites, with leaky gut and flora imbalance being the triggers of the liver's pathological response. So far, no one has reviewed the role of intestinal flora in this process from the perspective of the progression of hepatitis-cirrhosis-liver cancer and this article reviews the evidence supporting the effect of intestinal flora in the progression of liver disease.
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Dong Y, Zhang K, Wei J, Ding Y, Wang X, Hou H, Wu J, Liu T, Wang B, Cao H. Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids regulate gastrointestinal tumor immunity: a novel therapeutic strategy? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1158200. [PMID: 37122756 PMCID: PMC10140337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), a tumor-derived immune component, is proven to be closely related to the development, metastasis, and recurrence of tumors. Gut microbiota and its fermented-metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a critical role in maintaining the immune homeostasis of gastrointestinal tumors. Consisting mainly of acetate, propionate, and butyrate, SCFAs can interact with G protein-coupled receptors 43 of T helper 1 cell or restrain histone deacetylases (HDACs) of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to exert immunotherapy effects. Studies have shed light on SCFAs can mediate the differentiation and function of regulatory T cells, as well as cytokine production in TIME. Additionally, SCFAs can alter epigenetic modification of CD8+ T cells by inhibiting HDACs to participate in the immune response process. In gastrointestinal tumors, the abundance of SCFAs and their producing bacteria is significantly reduced. Direct supplementation of dietary fiber and probiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation to change the structure of gut microbiota can both increase the level of SCFAs and inhibit tumor development. The mechanism by which SCFAs modulate the progression of gastrointestinal tumors has been elucidated in this review, aiming to provide prospects for the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Bao J, He Y, Yang C, Lu N, Li A, Gao S, Hosyanto FF, Tang J, Si J, Tang X, Fu H, Xu L. Inhibition of mycobacteria proliferation in macrophages by low cisplatin concentration through phosphorylated p53-related apoptosis pathway. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281170. [PMID: 36719870 PMCID: PMC9888694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug resistance is a prominent problem in the treatment of tuberculosis, so it is urgent to develop new anti- tuberculosis drugs. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of cisplatin (DDP) on intracellular Mycobacterium smegmatis to tap the therapeutic potential of DDP in mycobacterial infection. RESULTS Macrophages infected with Mycobacterium smegmatis were treated with DDP alone or combined with isoniazid or rifampicin. The results showed that the bacterial count in macrophages decreased significantly after DDP (≤ 6 μg/mL) treatment. When isoniazid or rifampicin was combined with DDP, the number of intracellular mycobacteria was also significantly lower than that of isoniazid or rifampicin alone. Apoptosis of infected cells increased after 24 h of DDP treatment, as shown by flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy detection. Transcriptome sequencing showed that there were 1161 upregulated and 645 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the control group and DDP treatment group. A Trp53-centered protein interaction network was found based on the top 100 significant DEGs through STRING and Cytoscape software. The expression of phosphorylated p53, Bax, JAK, p38 MAPK and PI3K increased after DDP treatment, as shown by Western blot analysis. Inhibitors of JAK, PI3K or p38 MAPK inhibited the increase in cell apoptosis and the reduction in the intracellular bacterial count induced by DDP. The p53 promoter Kevetrin hydrochloride scavenges intracellular mycobacteria. If combined with DDP, Kevetrin hydrochloride could increase the effect of DDP on the elimination of intracellular mycobacteria. In conclusion, DDP at low concentrations could activate the JAK, p38 MAPK and PI3K pathways in infected macrophages, promote the phosphorylation of p53 protein, and increase the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, leading to cell apoptosis, thus eliminating intracellular bacteria and reducing the spread of mycobacteria. CONCLUSION DDP may be a new host-directed therapy for tuberculosis treatment, as well as the p53 promoter Kevetrin hydrochloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Bao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Hospital-Acquired Infection Control Department, First People’s Hospital of Jintang County, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonglin He
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Lu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Anlong Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sijia Gao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Jialing Tang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junzhuo Si
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Tang
- Clinical laboratory, People’s Hospital of Rongchang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Huichao Fu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Feitelson MA, Arzumanyan A, Spector I, Medhat A. Hepatitis B x (HBx) as a Component of a Functional Cure for Chronic Hepatitis B. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092210. [PMID: 36140311 PMCID: PMC9496119 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients who are carriers of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) are at high risk of chronic liver disease (CLD) which proceeds from hepatitis, to fibrosis, cirrhosis and to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The hepatitis B-encoded X antigen, HBx, promotes virus gene expression and replication, protects infected hepatocytes from immunological destruction, and promotes the development of CLD and HCC. For virus replication, HBx regulates covalently closed circular (ccc) HBV DNA transcription, while for CLD, HBx triggers cellular oxidative stress, in part, by triggering mitochondrial damage that stimulates innate immunity. Constitutive activation of NF-κB by HBx transcriptionally activates pro-inflammatory genes, resulting in hepatocellular destruction, regeneration, and increased integration of the HBx gene into the host genome. NF-κB is also hepatoprotective, which sustains the survival of infected cells. Multiple therapeutic approaches include direct-acting anti-viral compounds and immune-stimulating drugs, but functional cures were not achieved, in part, because none were yet devised to target HBx. In addition, many patients with cirrhosis or HCC have little or no virus replication, but continue to express HBx from integrated templates, suggesting that HBx contributes to the pathogenesis of CLD. Blocking HBx activity will, therefore, impact multiple aspects of the host–virus relationship that are relevant to achieving a functional cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Feitelson
- Room 409 Biolife Building, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, 1900 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-204-8434
| | - Alla Arzumanyan
- Room 409 Biolife Building, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, 1900 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | | | - Arvin Medhat
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Islamic Azad University Tehran North Branch, Tehran 1975933411, Iran
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12
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Pant K, Richard S, Gradilone SA. Short-Chain Fatty Acid Butyrate Induces Cilia Formation and Potentiates the Effects of HDAC6 Inhibitors in Cholangiocarcinoma Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:809382. [PMID: 35096835 PMCID: PMC8793355 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.809382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a deadly form of liver cancer with limited therapeutic approaches. The pathogenesis of CCA involves the loss of primary cilia in cholangiocytes, an important organelle that regulates several key cellular functions including the regulation of cell polarity, growth, and differentiation, by a mechanism involving increased expression of deacetylases like HDAC6 and SIRT1. Therefore, cilia restoration may represent an alternative and novel therapeutic approach against CCA. Butyrate is produced by bacterial fermentation of fibers in the intestine and has been shown to inhibit SIRT1, showing antitumor effects on various cancers. Herein, we investigated the role of butyrate on CCA cell proliferation, migration, and EMT and evaluated the synergistic effects with specific HDAC6 inhibition. When CCA cells, including HuCCT1 and KMCH, were treated with butyrate, the cilia formation and acetylated-tubulin levels were increased, while no significant effects were observed in normal human cholangiocytes. Butyrate treatment also depicted reduced cell proliferation in HuCCT1 and KMCH cells, but on the other hand, it affected cell growth of the normal cholangiocytes only at high concentrations. In HuCCT1 cells, spheroid formation and cell migration were also halted by butyrate treatment. Furthermore, we found that butyrate augmented the previously described effects of HDAC6 inhibitors on CCA cell proliferation and migration by reducing the expression of CD44, cyclin D1, PCNA, Zeb1, and Vimentin. In summary, butyrate targets cancer cell growth and migration and enhances the anti-cancer effects of HDAC6 inhibitors in CCA cells, suggesting that butyrate may have therapeutic effects in CCA and other ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Pant
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States
| | - Seth Richard
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States
| | - Sergio A Gradilone
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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13
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Pant K, Peixoto E, Richard S, Biswas A, O'Sullivan MG, Giama N, Ha Y, Yin J, Carotenuto P, Salati M, Ren Y, Yang R, Franco B, Roberts LR, Gradilone SA. Histone Deacetylase Sirtuin 1 Promotes Loss of Primary Cilia in Cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology 2021; 74:3235-3248. [PMID: 34322899 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a complex NAD+ -dependent protein deacetylase known to act as a tumor promoter or suppressor in different cancers. Here, we describe a mechanism of SIRT1-induced destabilization of primary cilia in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). APPROACH AND RESULTS A significant overexpression of SIRT1 was detected in human CCA specimens and CCA cells including HuCCT1, KMCH, and WITT1 as compared with normal cholangiocytes (H69 and NHC). Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of SIRT1 in HuCCT1 cells induced cilia formation, whereas overexpression of SIRT1 in normal cholangiocytes suppressed ciliary expression. Activity of SIRT1 was regulated by presence of NAD+ in CCA cells. Inhibition of NAD -producing enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase increased ciliary length and frequency in CCA cells and in SIRT1-overexpressed H69 cells. Furthermore, we also noted that SIRT1 induces the proteasomal mediated degradation of ciliary proteins, including α-tubulin, ARL13B, and KIF3A. Moreover, overexpression of SIRT1 in H69 and NHC cells significantly induced cell proliferation and, conversely, SIRT1 inhibition in HuCCT1 and KMCH cells using siRNA or sirtinol reduced cell proliferation. In an orthotopic transplantation rat CCA model, the SIRT1 inhibitor sirtinol reduced tumor size and tumorigenic proteins (glioma-associated oncogene 1, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and IL-6) expression. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these results reveal the tumorigenic role of SIRT1 through modulation of primary cilia formation and provide the rationale for developing therapeutic approaches for CCA using SIRT1 as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Pant
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN
| | | | - Seth Richard
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN
| | | | - M Gerard O'Sullivan
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Nasra Giama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Yeonjung Ha
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jun Yin
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Pietro Carotenuto
- TIGEM, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, and Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medical Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Salati
- Medical Oncology Unit, Modena Cancer Centre, PhD Program Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Yanan Ren
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN
| | - Rendong Yang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN
| | - Brunella Franco
- TIGEM, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, and Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medical Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sergio A Gradilone
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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14
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Kong F, Li Q, Zhang F, Li X, You H, Pan X, Zheng K, Tang R. Sirtuins as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:751516. [PMID: 34708060 PMCID: PMC8542665 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.751516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are well-known histone deacetylases that are capable of modulating various cellular processes in numerous diseases, including the infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is one of the primary pathogenic drivers of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mounting evidence reveals that HBV can alter the expression levels of all SIRT proteins. In turn, all SIRTs regulate HBV replication via a cascade of molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, several studies suggest that targeting SIRTs using suitable drugs is a potential treatment strategy for HBV infection. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms associated with SIRT-mediated upregulation of viral propagation and the recent advances in SIRT-targeted therapy as potential therapeutic modalities against HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyun Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Laboratory Department, The People's Hospital of Funing, Yancheng, China
| | - Fulong Zhang
- Imaging Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Xiaocui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hongjuan You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiucheng Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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15
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Effect of microbiota metabolites on the progression of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatol Int 2021; 15:1053-1067. [PMID: 34596865 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-021-10230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that the intestinal microbiota is closely related to the pathophysiology and the disease progression of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The intestinal microbiota acts on the host through its metabolites. This review aimed to discuss the effects of gut microbiota metabolites on the disease progression of chronic HBV infection. A literature search on PubMed database and Wiley Online Library with pre-specified criteria yielded 96 unique results. After consensus by all authors, the contents from 86 original publications were extracted and included in this review. In liver disease with HBV infection, the intestinal microbiota changed in different stages and affected the production of bacterial metabolites. The abundance of bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate reduced, which was associated with bacterial translocation and the progression of liver disease. The intestinal microbiota-bile acid-host axis was destroyed, affecting the progression of the disease. Under the control of intestinal microbiota, tryptophan affected the gut-liver axis through three main metabolic pathways, among which the kynurenine pathway was closely related to the immune response of hepatitis B. The level of trimethylamine-N-oxide decreased in liver cancer with HBV infection and were used as a potential biomarker of liver cancer. Vitamin deficiencies, including those of vitamin D and vitamin A related to microbiota, were common and associated with survival. Hydrogen sulfide regulated by the intestinal microbiota was also closely related to the gut-liver axis. In liver disease with hepatitis B infection, the intestinal microbiota is imbalanced, and a variety of intestinal microbiota metabolites participate in the occurrence and development of the disease.
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16
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Wan Y, Wu W, Zhang J, Li L, Wan Y, Tang X, Chen X, Liu S, Yao X. Tenovin-1 inhibited dengue virus replication through SIRT2. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174264. [PMID: 34147476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever is a common arbovirus disease, which has been spread to the entire tropical world. At present, effective drugs for the treatment of dengue fever have not yet appeared, and the dengue vaccines studied in various countries have also experienced severe adverse reactions. Thus it is urgent to find new chemicals against dengue virus. Now we found Sirtuins (SIRTs) were increased during dengue virus infection and tenovin-1, a SIRT1/2 inhibitor, showed an impressive antiviral ability in vitro. In BHK-21 cells, tenovin-1 inhibited the replication of DENV2 with an EC50 at 3.41 ± 1.10 μM, also inhibited other three types of dengue viruses with EC50 at 0.97 ± 1.11 μM, 1.81 ± 1.08 μM, 3.81 ± 1.34 μM respectively. Moreover, the cytopathic effect-induced DENV2 was largely improved by tenovin-1 treatment and the release of progeny viruses was inhibited by tenovin-1 treatment. At the same time, the viral protein level and mRNA level were decreased with tenovin-1 treatment after dengue virus infection. From the drug-addition assay, the tenovin-1 played its antiviral after viral infection, which indicated tenovin-1 was not a microbicide. Apart from its antiviral effect, tenovin-1 inhibited the inflammatory response caused by DENV2, reducing the release of inflammatory factors during viral infection. The antiviral effect of tenovin-1 was abrogated with SIRT agonist or SIRT2 knockdown treatment, which indicated the effect of tenovin-1 was on-target. In conclusion, tenovin-1 was proved to be a promising compound against flavivirus infection through SIRT2, which should be pay more attention for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Liren Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Yuanda Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
| | - Xingang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
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17
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Zhao H, Mei X, Yang D, Tu G. Resveratrol inhibits inflammation after spinal cord injury via SIRT-1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Neurosci Lett 2021; 762:136151. [PMID: 34352338 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause severe trauma to the central nervous system. Resveratrol has been widely studied for several of its medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and anti-oxidative effects. The regulation of SIRT-1 is thought to be related to the effects of resveratrol. As a downstream component of SIRT-1, NF-κB is one of the important signaling pathways that regulate the inflammatory response. Herein, we explored how treatment with resveratrol promoted recovery of motor function after SCI by activating the SIRT-1/NF-κB signaling pathway and inhibiting inflammation in rat models. Recovery of hind limb function was observed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor rating scale at different time points after SCI. Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, Nissl staining and HE staining were utilized to observe the morphological characteristics of spinal cord tissue, as well as the expression of SIRT-1, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Resveratrol treatment promoted motor function recovery, increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and reduced loss of motor neurons and lesion size among rats after SCI. Meanwhile, inflammatory response was inhibited as the SIRT-1/NF-κB signaling pathway was modulated. These results suggest that resveratrol can help achieve neuroprotective effect by inhibiting inflammation, regulated by the SIRT-1/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haosen Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, 5th Section of Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, 5th Section of Renmin Street, Guta District, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Dongfang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guanjun Tu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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18
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McBrearty N, Arzumanyan A, Bichenkov E, Merali S, Merali C, Feitelson M. Short chain fatty acids delay the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in HBx transgenic mice. Neoplasia 2021; 23:529-538. [PMID: 33945993 PMCID: PMC8111251 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The HBV encoded oncoprotein, HBx, alters the expression of host genes and the activity of multiple signal transduction pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis of HCC by multiple mechanisms independent of HBV replication. However, it is not clear which pathways are the most relevant therapeutic targets in hepatocarcinogenesis. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have strong anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic properties, suggesting that they may block the progression of chronic liver disease (CLD) to HCC, thereby identifying the mechanisms relevant to HCC development. This hypothesis was tested in HBx transgenic (HBxTg) mice fed SCFAs. Groups of HBxTg mice were fed with SCFAs or vehicle from 6 to 9 months of age and then assessed for dysplasia, and from 9 to 12 months of age and then assessed for HCC. Livers from 12 month old mice were then analyzed for changes in gene expression by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. SCFA-fed mice had significantly fewer dysplastic and HCC nodules compared to controls at 9 and 12 months, respectively. Pathway analysis of SCFA-fed mice showed down-regulation of signaling pathways altered by HBx in human CLD and HCC, including those involved in inflammation, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, epidermal growth factor, and Ras. SCFA treatment promoted increased expression of the tumor suppressor, disabled homolog 2 (DAB2). DAB2 depresses Ras pathway activity, which is constitutively activated by HBx. SCFAs also reduced cell viability in HBx-transfected cell lines in a dose-dependent manner while the viability of primary human hepatocytes was unaffected. These unique findings demonstrate that SCFAs delay the pathogenesis of CLD and development of HCC, and provide insight into some of the underlying mechanisms that are relevant to pathogenesis in that they are responsive to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen McBrearty
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alla Arzumanyan
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eugene Bichenkov
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Salim Merali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carmen Merali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark Feitelson
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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19
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Guo HJ, Li HY, Chen ZH, Zhou WJ, Li JJ, Zhang JY, Wang J, Luo XY, Zeng T, Shi Z, Mo CF. NAMPT promotes hepatitis B virus replication and liver cancer cell proliferation through the regulation of aerobic glycolysis. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:390. [PMID: 33777213 PMCID: PMC7988713 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a critical rate-limiting enzyme involved in NAD synthesis that has been shown to contribute to the progression of liver cancer. However, the potential role and mechanism of NAMPT in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated liver cancer remain unclear. The present study assessed the expression of NAMPT in HBV-positive and -negative liver cancer cells, and investigated whether HBV-induced NAMPT expression is dependent on HBV X protein (HBx). In addition, the role of NAMPT in HBV replication and transcription, and in HBV-mediated liver cancer cell growth was explored. The effects of NAMPT on the glycolytic pathway were also evaluated. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting results revealed that NAMPT expression levels were significantly higher in HBV-positive liver cancer cells than in HBV-negative liver cancer cells, and this effect was HBx-dependent. Moreover, the activation of NAMPT was demonstrated to be required for HBV replication and transcription. The NAMPT inhibitor FK866 repressed cell survival and promoted cell death in HBV-expressing liver cancer cells, and these effects were attenuated by nicotinamide mononucleotide. Furthermore, the inhibition of NAMPT was associated with decreased glucose uptake, decreased lactate production and decreased ATP levels in HBV-expressing liver cancer cells, indicating that NAMPT may promote the aerobic glycolysis. Collectively, these findings reveal a positive feedback loop in which HBV enhances NAMPT expression and the activation of NAMPT promotes HBV replication and HBV-mediated malignant cell growth in liver cancer. The present study highlights the important role of NAMPT in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis in HBV-mediated liver cancer, and suggests that NAMPT may be a promising treatment target for patients with HBV-associated liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jie Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Hao Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Jie Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Yi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Yan Luo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zeng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Shi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Fen Mo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
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20
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Hu A, Yang LY, Liang J, Lu D, Zhang JL, Cao FF, Fu JY, Dai WJ, Zhang JF. SIRT2 modulates VEGFD-associated lymphangiogenesis by deacetylating EPAS1 in human head and neck cancer. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:1280-1291. [PMID: 32965071 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is one of seven mammalian homologs of silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) and an NAD+ -dependent deacetylase; however, its critical role in lymphangiogenesis remains to be explored. We investigate SIRT2 mediated regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGFD) expression and lymphangiogenesis by deacetylating endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1) in head and neck cancer (HNC) in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we report that SIRT2, rather than other members of the Sir2 family, reduces the expression of VEGFD and lymphangiogenesis in hypoxia-induced HNC cells and transplanted HNC mice models by reducing EPAS1 acetylation at Lys674 and decreasing the transcriptional activity of EPAS1 target genes. The expression of SIRT2 was closely related to the expression of VEGFD, lymphangiogenesis in subcutaneously transplanted mice models, and lymphangiogenesis in patients with HNC. Our results suggest that SIRT2 plays a central role in tumor lymphangiogenesis via deacetylating EPAS1 protein. Reagents targeting the NAD+ -dependent deacetylase activity of SIRT2 would be beneficial for inhibiting tumor lymphangiogenesis and treating other hypoxia-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Yun Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Li Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jinqiao Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan-Fan Cao
- Department of Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Ying Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Jun Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Fei Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Han N, Yan L, Wang X, Sun X, Huang F, Tang H. An updated literature review: how HBV X protein regulates the propagation of the HBV. Future Virol 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic HBV infection constitutes a burden on human beings and is closely associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. The propagation of the HBV is determined by many factors, and the HBV X protein (HBx) could have a significant influence on this. HBx is a regulatory protein that can directly or indirectly interact with many cellular proteins to affect both the propagation of the HBV and the activity of the host cells. In this review, we summarized the possible mechanisms by which HBx regulates HBV replication at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in various experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Han
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Libo Yan
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xueer Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xuehong Sun
- Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Feijun Huang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
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Pant K, Peixoto E, Richard S, Gradilone SA. Role of Histone Deacetylases in Carcinogenesis: Potential Role in Cholangiocarcinoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030780. [PMID: 32210140 PMCID: PMC7140894 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly invasive and metastatic form of carcinoma with bleak prognosis due to limited therapies, frequent relapse, and chemotherapy resistance. There is an urgent need to identify the molecular regulators of CCA in order to develop novel therapeutics and advance diseases diagnosis. Many cellular proteins including histones may undergo a series of enzyme-mediated post-translational modifications including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, sumoylation, and crotonylation. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play an important role in regulating epigenetic maintenance and modifications of their targets, which in turn exert critical impacts on chromatin structure, gene expression, and stability of proteins. As such, HDACs constitute a group of potential therapeutic targets for CCA. The aim of this review was to summarize the role that HDACs perform in regulating epigenetic changes, tumor development, and their potential as therapeutic targets for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Pant
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA; (K.P.); (E.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Estanislao Peixoto
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA; (K.P.); (E.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Seth Richard
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA; (K.P.); (E.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Sergio A. Gradilone
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA; (K.P.); (E.P.); (S.R.)
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Correspondence:
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