1
|
Martín-Lluesma S, Svane IM, Dafni U, Vervita K, Karlis D, Dimopoulou G, Tsourti Z, Rohaan MW, Haanen JBAG, Coukos G. Efficacy of TIL therapy in advanced cutaneous melanoma in the current immuno-oncology era: updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 2024; 35:860-872. [PMID: 39053767 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2024.07.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL-ACT) has consistently shown efficacy in advanced melanoma. New results in the field provide now the opportunity to assess overall survival (OS) after TIL-ACT and to examine the effect of prior anti-programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 [anti-PD-(L)1] therapy on its efficacy. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed up to 29 February 2024. Ιn this meta-analysis we focused on studies including high-dose interleukin 2, doubling the patient numbers from our previous meta-analysis conducted up to December 2018 and using OS as the primary endpoint. Objective response rate (ORR), complete response rate (CRR), and duration of response were secondary endpoints. Findings are synthesized using tables, Kaplan-Meier plots, and forest plots. Pooled estimates for ORR and CRR were derived from fixed or random effects models. RESULTS A total of 13 high-dose interleukin 2 studies were included in this updated meta-analysis, with OS information available for 617 patients. No difference was found in median OS between studies with prior anti-PD-(L)1 treatment {n = 238; 17.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 13.8-20.5 months]} and without [n = 379; 16.3 months (95% CI 14.2-20.6 months)] (log-rank P = 0.53). ORR was estimated to be 34% (95% CI 16%-52%) and 44% (95% CI 37%-51%), for the studies with and without prior anti-PD-(L)1, respectively. The pooled estimate for CRR was 10% for both groups. No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups, either for ORR (P = 0.15) or CRR (P = 0.45). CONCLUSIONS Prior anti-PD-(L)1 treatment has no effect on the clinical response or survival benefit from TIL-ACT in advanced cutaneous melanoma. The benefit of TIL therapy in the second-line setting is also present after anti-PD-(L)1 treatment. Our data reinforce the evidence that TIL-ACT should be considered as a treatment of choice in second line for metastatic melanoma patients failing anti-PD-(L)1 therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Martín-Lluesma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona; Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - I M Svane
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - U Dafni
- Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Oncology, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - K Vervita
- Scientific Research Consulting Hellas, Statistics Center, Athens
| | - D Karlis
- Department of Statistics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece
| | - G Dimopoulou
- Scientific Research Consulting Hellas, Statistics Center, Athens
| | - Z Tsourti
- Scientific Research Consulting Hellas, Statistics Center, Athens
| | - M W Rohaan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam
| | - J B A G Haanen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam; Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Oncology, Leiden, Netherlands; Melanoma Clinic, CHUV, Lausanne
| | - G Coukos
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne Branch, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin CP, Levy PL, Alflen A, Apriamashvili G, Ligtenberg MA, Vredevoogd DW, Bleijerveld OB, Alkan F, Malka Y, Hoekman L, Markovits E, George A, Traets JJH, Krijgsman O, van Vliet A, Poźniak J, Pulido-Vicuña CA, de Bruijn B, van Hal-van Veen SE, Boshuizen J, van der Helm PW, Díaz-Gómez J, Warda H, Behrens LM, Mardesic P, Dehni B, Visser NL, Marine JC, Markel G, Faller WJ, Altelaar M, Agami R, Besser MJ, Peeper DS. Multimodal stimulation screens reveal unique and shared genes limiting T cell fitness. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:623-645.e10. [PMID: 38490212 PMCID: PMC11003465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Genes limiting T cell antitumor activity may serve as therapeutic targets. It has not been systematically studied whether there are regulators that uniquely or broadly contribute to T cell fitness. We perform genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens in primary CD8 T cells to uncover genes negatively impacting fitness upon three modes of stimulation: (1) intense, triggering activation-induced cell death (AICD); (2) acute, triggering expansion; (3) chronic, causing dysfunction. Besides established regulators, we uncover genes controlling T cell fitness either specifically or commonly upon differential stimulation. Dap5 ablation, ranking highly in all three screens, increases translation while enhancing tumor killing. Loss of Icam1-mediated homotypic T cell clustering amplifies cell expansion and effector functions after both acute and intense stimulation. Lastly, Ctbp1 inactivation induces functional T cell persistence exclusively upon chronic stimulation. Our results functionally annotate fitness regulators based on their unique or shared contribution to traits limiting T cell antitumor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Pu Lin
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pierre L Levy
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Astrid Alflen
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Georgi Apriamashvili
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten A Ligtenberg
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David W Vredevoogd
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Onno B Bleijerveld
- Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ferhat Alkan
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yuval Malka
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Hoekman
- Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ettai Markovits
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52612, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Austin George
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joleen J H Traets
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar Krijgsman
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex van Vliet
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joanna Poźniak
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlos Ariel Pulido-Vicuña
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Beaunelle de Bruijn
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susan E van Hal-van Veen
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Boshuizen
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pim W van der Helm
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judit Díaz-Gómez
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hamdy Warda
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie M Behrens
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paula Mardesic
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bilal Dehni
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nils L Visser
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gal Markel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel; Davidoff Cancer Center and Samueli Integrative Cancer Pioneering Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel
| | - William J Faller
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Reuven Agami
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michal J Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-oncology and Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52612, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel; Davidoff Cancer Center and Samueli Integrative Cancer Pioneering Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel; Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Daniel S Peeper
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schlabach MR, Lin S, Collester ZR, Wrocklage C, Shenker S, Calnan C, Xu T, Gannon HS, Williams LJ, Thompson F, Dunbar PR, LaMothe RA, Garrett TE, Colletti N, Hohmann AF, Tubo NJ, Bullock CP, Le Mercier I, Sofjan K, Merkin JJ, Keegan S, Kryukov GV, Dugopolski C, Stegmeier F, Wong K, Sharp FA, Cadzow L, Benson MJ. Rational design of a SOCS1-edited tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy using CRISPR/Cas9 screens. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163096. [PMID: 38099496 PMCID: PMC10721144 DOI: 10.1172/jci163096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy have shown promise in the treatment of patients with refractory solid tumors, with improvement in response rates and durability of responses nevertheless sought. To identify targets capable of enhancing the antitumor activity of T cell therapies, large-scale in vitro and in vivo clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 screens were performed, with the SOCS1 gene identified as a top T cell-enhancing target. In murine CD8+ T cell-therapy models, SOCS1 served as a critical checkpoint in restraining the accumulation of central memory T cells in lymphoid organs as well as intermediate (Texint) and effector (Texeff) exhausted T cell subsets derived from progenitor exhausted T cells (Texprog) in tumors. A comprehensive CRISPR tiling screen of the SOCS1-coding region identified sgRNAs targeting the SH2 domain of SOCS1 as the most potent, with an sgRNA with minimal off-target cut sites used to manufacture KSQ-001, an engineered TIL therapy with SOCS1 inactivated by CRISPR/Cas9. KSQ-001 possessed increased responsiveness to cytokine signals and enhanced in vivo antitumor function in mouse models. These data demonstrate the use of CRISPR/Cas9 screens in the rational design of T cell therapies.
Collapse
|
4
|
Adoptive cell therapies in thoracic malignancies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2077-2098. [PMID: 35129636 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has gained great interest in thoracic malignancies in the last decade, first in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but also more recently in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). However, while 15-20% of patients will greatly benefit from immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs), a vast majority will rapidly exhibit resistance. Reasons for this are multiple: non-immunogenic tumors, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment or defects in immune cells trafficking to the tumor sites being some of the most frequent. Current progress in adoptive cell therapies could offer a way to overcome these hurdles and bring effective immune cells to the tumor site. In this review, we discuss advantages, limits and future perspectives of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) in thoracic malignancies from lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK), cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK), natural killer cells (NK), dendritic cells (DC) vaccines and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to TCR engineering and CARs. Trials are still in their early phases, and while there may still be many limitations to overcome, a combination of these different approaches with ICBs, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy could vastly improve the way we treat thoracic cancers.
Collapse
|
5
|
Gezgin G, Visser M, Ruano D, Santegoets SJ, de Miranda NF, van der Velden PA, Luyten GP, van der Burg SH, Verdegaal EM, Jager MJ. Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells Can Be Expanded Successfully from Primary Uveal Melanoma after Separation from Their Tumor Environment. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2022; 2:100132. [PMID: 36249685 PMCID: PMC9560540 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2022.100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate whether expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be obtained from primary uveal melanoma (UM) for potential use as adjuvant treatment in patients at risk of developing metastatic disease. Design Experimental research study. Participants Freshly obtained primary UM from 30 patients. Methods Three different methods were used to expand TILs: (1) direct culture from small fragments of fresh tumor tissue, (2) single-cell tissue preparation by enzymatic digestion and subsequent enrichment of mononuclear cells, and (3) selection of CD3+ T cells using magnetic beads. Surface expression of costimulatory and inhibitory T-cell markers and T-cell reactivity against autologous tumor cells was assessed. Clinical, histopathologic, genetic, and immunologic characteristics of the tumors were compared with the capacity to expand TILs and with their reactivity against autologous tumor cells. Main Outcome Measures The feasibility of expanding TILs from primary UM, testing their reactivity to autologous UM cells, and evaluating the impact of an immunomodulatory environment. Results Direct culture of tumor parts led to successful TIL culture in 4 of 22 tumors (18%), enrichment of mononuclear cells gave rise to TILs in 5 of 12 tumors (42%), while preselection of CD3+ T cells with magnetic beads resulted in TIL expansion in 17 of 25 tumors (68%). In 8 of 17 tumors (47%), the TIL cultures comprised UM-reactive T cells. The presence of UM-reactive T cells among TILs was not related to clinical, histologic, genetic, or immunological tumor characteristics. Interestingly, RNA-Seq analysis showed that approximately half of the UM tumors displayed an increased expression of immunomodulatory molecules related to T-cell suppression, such as galectin 3, programmed death-ligand 1, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, and lymphocyte activating 3, potentially explaining why T cells require optimal removal of tumor components for expansion. Conclusions The need to separate TILs from their tumor microenvironment for their successful expansion and the presence of UM-reactive T cells among TILs suggests that these UM-reactive T cells are strongly suppressed in vivo and that UM is immunogenic. These findings indicate that adoptive TIL therapy could be an option as an adjuvant treatment in primary UM patients at high risk of developing metastatic disease.
Collapse
|
6
|
Chu J, Wang C, Ma Q, Dai H, Xu J, Ogunnaike EA, Peng F, Shi X, Wang C. Coupling programmed cell death 1-positive tumor-infiltrating T cells with anti-programmed cell death 1 antibody improves the efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapy. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:291-301. [PMID: 34690063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has shown great success in clinical trials. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)-expressing TILs show high specificity to autologous tumor cells. However, limited therapeutic efficiency is observed as a result of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). METHODS Coupling PD-1+ex vivo-derived TILs with a monoclonal antibody against anti-PD-1 (aPD-1) reinvigorated the anti-tumor response of TILs against solid tumor without altering their high tumor targeting ability. RESULTS Using a melanoma-bearing mouse model, PD-1+ TILs blocked with aPD-1 (PD-1+ TILs-aPD-1) exhibited a high capability for tumor targeting as well as improved anti-tumor response in TIME. Tumor growth was substantially delayed in the mice treated with PD-1+ TILs-aPD-1. CONCLUSIONS The strategy utilizing TIL therapy coupled with immune checkpoint antibodies may extend to other therapeutic targets of ACT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Chu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenya Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingle Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huaxing Dai
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Edikan A Ogunnaike
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fei Peng
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaolin Shi
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zur RT, Adler G, Shamalov K, Tal Y, Ankri C, Cohen CJ. Adoptive T-cell Immunotherapy: Perfecting Self-Defenses. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2022; 113:253-294. [PMID: 35165867 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91311-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As an important part of the immune system, T lymphocytes exhibit undoubtedly an important role in targeting and eradicating cancer. However, despite these characteristics, their natural antitumor response may be insufficient. Numerous clinical trials in terminally ill cancer patients testing the design of novel and efficient immunotherapeutic approaches based on the adoptive transfer of autologous tumor-specific T lymphocytes have shown encouraging results. Moreover, this also led to the approval of engineered T-cell therapies in patients. Herein, we will expand on the development and the use of such strategies using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or genetically engineered T-cells. We will also comment on the requirements and potential hurdles encountered when elaborating and implementing such treatments as well as the exciting prospects for this kind of emerging personalized medicine therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Toledano Zur
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Galit Adler
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Katerina Shamalov
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yair Tal
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Chen Ankri
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Cyrille J Cohen
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Davis L, Tarduno A, Lu YC. Neoantigen-Reactive T Cells: The Driving Force behind Successful Melanoma Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236061. [PMID: 34885172 PMCID: PMC8657037 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer immunotherapy is a revolutionary type of cancer therapy. It uses the patient’s own immune system to fight and potentially cure cancer. The first major breakthrough of immunotherapy came from successful clinical trials for melanoma treatments. Since then, researchers have focused on understanding the science behind immunotherapy, so that patients with other types of cancer may also benefit. One of the major findings is that the T cells in melanoma patients may recognize a specific type of tumor antigen, called neoantigens, and then kill tumor cells that present these neoantigens. The neoantigens mainly arise from the DNA mutations found in tumor cells. These mutations are translated into mutated proteins that are then distinguished by T cells. In this article, we discuss the critical role of T cells in immunotherapy, as well as the clinical trials that shaped the treatments for melanoma. Abstract Patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma have experienced significant clinical responses after checkpoint blockade immunotherapy or adoptive cell therapy. Neoantigens are mutated proteins that arise from tumor-specific mutations. It is hypothesized that the neoantigen recognition by T cells is the critical step for T-cell-mediated anti-tumor responses and subsequent tumor regressions. In addition to describing neoantigens, we review the sentinel and ongoing clinical trials that are helping to shape the current treatments for patients with cutaneous melanoma. We also present the existing evidence that establishes the correlations between neoantigen-reactive T cells and clinical responses in melanoma immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindy Davis
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (L.D.); (A.T.)
| | - Ashley Tarduno
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (L.D.); (A.T.)
| | - Yong-Chen Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kverneland AH, Chamberlain CA, Borch TH, Nielsen M, Mørk SK, Kjeldsen JW, Lorentzen CL, Jørgensen LP, Riis LB, Yde CW, Met Ö, Donia M, Marie Svane I. Adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes supported by checkpoint inhibition across multiple solid cancer types. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003499. [PMID: 34607899 PMCID: PMC8491427 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has shown remarkable results in malignant melanoma (MM), while studies on the potential in other cancer diagnoses are sparse. Further, the prospect of using checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) to support TIL production and therapy remains to be explored. Study design TIL-based ACT with CPIs was evaluated in a clinical phase I/II trial. Ipilimumab (3 mg/kg) was administered prior to tumor resection and nivolumab (3 mg/kg, every 2 weeks ×4) in relation to TIL infusion. Preconditioning chemotherapy was given before TIL infusion and followed by low-dose (2 10e6 international units (UI) ×1 subcutaneous for 14 days) interleukin-2 stimulation. Results Twenty-five patients covering 10 different cancer diagnoses were treated with in vitro expanded TILs. Expansion of TILs was successful in 97% of recruited patients. Five patients had sizeable tumor regressions of 30%–63%, including two confirmed partial responses in patients with head-and-neck cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. Safety and feasibility were comparable to MM trials of ACT with the addition of expected CPI toxicity. In an exploratory analysis, tumor mutational burden and expression of the alpha-integrin CD103 (p=0.025) were associated with increased disease control. In vitro tumor reactivity was seen in both patients with an objective response and was associated with regressions in tumor size (p=0.028). Conclusion High success rates of TIL expansion were demonstrated across multiple solid cancers. TIL ACTs were found feasible, independent of previous therapy. Tumor regressions after ACT combined with CPIs were demonstrated in several cancer types supported by in vitro antitumor reactivity of the TILs. Trial registration numbers NCT03296137, and EudraCT No. 2017-002323-25.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Handrup Kverneland
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark.,National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christopher Aled Chamberlain
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Troels Holz Borch
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark.,National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Nielsen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark.,National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sofie Kirial Mørk
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark.,National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Julie Westerlin Kjeldsen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark.,National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Cathrine Lund Lorentzen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark.,National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lise Pyndt Jørgensen
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lene Buhl Riis
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christina Westmose Yde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Özcan Met
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark.,National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark .,National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Levin N, Paria BC, Vale NR, Yossef R, Lowery FJ, Parkhurst MR, Yu Z, Florentin M, Cafri G, Gartner JJ, Shindorf ML, Ngo LT, Ray S, Kim SP, Copeland AR, Robbins PF, Rosenberg SA. Identification and Validation of T-cell Receptors Targeting RAS Hotspot Mutations in Human Cancers for Use in Cell-based Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5084-5095. [PMID: 34168045 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunotherapies mediate the regression of human tumors through recognition of tumor antigens by immune cells that trigger an immune response. Mutations in the RAS oncogenes occur in about 30% of all patients with cancer. These mutations play an important role in both tumor establishment and survival and are commonly found in hotspots. Discovering T-cell receptors (TCR) that recognize shared mutated RAS antigens presented on MHC class I and class II molecules are thus promising reagents for "off-the-shelf" adoptive cell therapies (ACT) following insertion of the TCRs into lymphocytes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this ongoing work, we screened for RAS antigen recognition in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) or by in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). TCRs recognizing mutated RAS were identified from the reactive T cells. The TCRs were then reconstructed and virally transduced into PBLs and tested. RESULTS Here, we detect and report multiple novel TCR sequences that recognize nonsynonymous mutant RAS hotspot mutations with high avidity and specificity and identify the specific class-I and -II MHC restriction elements involved in the recognition of mutant RAS. CONCLUSIONS The TCR library directed against RAS hotspot mutations described here recognize RAS mutations found in about 45% of the Caucasian population and about 60% of the Asian population and represent promising reagents for "off-the-shelf" ACTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noam Levin
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Biman C Paria
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nolan R Vale
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rami Yossef
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Frank J Lowery
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Zhiya Yu
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria Florentin
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gal Cafri
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jared J Gartner
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Lien T Ngo
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Satyajit Ray
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sanghyun P Kim
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amy R Copeland
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul F Robbins
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nissani A, Lev-Ari S, Meirson T, Jacoby E, Asher N, Ben-Betzalel G, Itzhaki O, Shapira-Frommer R, Schachter J, Markel G, Besser MJ. Comparison of non-myeloablative lymphodepleting preconditioning regimens in patients undergoing adoptive T cell therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-001743. [PMID: 33990415 PMCID: PMC8127974 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adoptive cell therapy with T cells genetically engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) or tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL) demonstrates impressive clinical results in patients with cancer. Lymphodepleting preconditioning prior to cell infusion is an integral part of all adoptive T cell therapies. However, to date, there is no standardization and no data comparing different non-myeloablative (NMA) regimens. Methods In this study, we compared NMA therapies with different doses of cyclophosphamide or total body irradiation (TBI) in combination with fludarabine and evaluated bone marrow suppression and recovery, cytokine serum levels, clinical response and adverse events. Results We demonstrate that a cumulative dose of 120 mg/kg cyclophosphamide and 125 mg/m2 fludarabine (120Cy/125Flu) and 60Cy/125Flu preconditioning were equally efficient in achieving deep lymphopenia and neutropenia in patients with metastatic melanoma, whereas absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs) and absolute neutrophil counts were significantly higher following 200 cGyTBI/75Flu-induced NMA. Thrombocytopenia was most profound in 120Cy/125Flu patients. 30Cy/75Flu-induced preconditioning in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia resulted in a minor ALC decrease, had no impact on platelet counts and did not yield deep neutropenia. Following cell infusion, 120Cy/125Flu patients with objective tumor response had significantly higher ALC and significant lower inflammatory indexes, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Receiver-operating characteristics curve analysis 7 days after cell infusion was performed to determine the cut-offs, which distinguish between responding and non-responding patients in the 120Cy/125Flu cohort. NLR≤1.79 and PLR≤32.7 were associated with clinical response and overall survival. Cytokine serum levels did not associate with clinical response in patients with TIL. Patients in the 120Cy/125Flu cohort developed significantly more acute NMA-related adverse events, including thrombocytopenia, febrile neutropenia and cardiotoxicity, and stayed significantly longer in hospital compared with the 60Cy/125Flu and TBI/75Flu cohorts. Conclusions Bone marrow depletion and recovery were equally affected by 120Cy/125Flu and 60Cy/125Flu preconditioning; however, toxicity and consequently duration of hospitalization were significantly lower in the 60Cy/125Flu cohort. Patients in the 30Cy/75Flu and TBI/75Flu groups rarely developed NMA-induced adverse events; however, both regimens were not efficient in achieving deep bone marrow suppression. Among the regimens, 60Cy/125Flu preconditioning seems to achieve maximum effect with minimum toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Nissani
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Shaked Lev-Ari
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Tomer Meirson
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Elad Jacoby
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nethanel Asher
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Guy Ben-Betzalel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Orit Itzhaki
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ronnie Shapira-Frommer
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Oncology Division, Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Deparment of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal J Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Tel Hashomer, Israel .,Deparment of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Weinstein-Marom H, Gross G, Levi M, Brayer H, Schachter J, Itzhaki O, Besser MJ. Genetic Modification of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes via Retroviral Transduction. Front Immunol 2021; 11:584148. [PMID: 33488585 PMCID: PMC7817656 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.584148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) holds great promise for cancer treatment. One approach, which has regained wide interest in recent years, employs antitumor T cells isolated from tumor lesions ("tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes" or TIL). It is now appreciated that a considerable proportion of anti-melanoma TIL recognize new HLA-binding peptides resulting from somatic mutations, which occurred during tumor progression. The clinical efficacy of TIL can potentially be improved via their genetic modification, designed to enhance their survival, homing capacity, resistance to suppression, tumor killing ability and additional properties of clinical relevance. Successful implementation of such gene-based strategies critically depends on efficient and reproducible protocols for gene delivery into clinical TIL preparations. Here we describe an optimized protocol for the retroviral transduction of TIL. As the experimental system we employed anti-melanoma TIL cultures prepared from four patients, recombinant retrovirus encoding an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) as a model gene of interest and CD19+ and CD19- human cell lines serving as target cells. Transduction on day 7 of the rapid expansion protocol (REP) resulted in 69 ± 8% CAR positive TIL. Transduced, but not untransduced TIL, from the four patients responded robustly to CD19+, but not CD19- cell lines, as judged by substantial secretion of IFN-γ following co-culture. In light of the rekindled interest in antitumor TIL, this protocol can be incorporated into a broad range of gene-based approaches for improving the in-vivo survival and functionality of TIL in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Weinstein-Marom
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Laboratory of Immunology, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gideon Gross
- Laboratory of Immunology, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Michal Levi
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hadar Brayer
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orit Itzhaki
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal J. Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Innamarato P, Pilon-Thomas S. Reactive myelopoiesis and the onset of myeloid-mediated immune suppression: Implications for adoptive cell therapy. Cell Immunol 2020; 361:104277. [PMID: 33476931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) in combination with lymphodepleting chemotherapy is an effective strategy to induce the eradication of cancer, providing long-term regressions in patients. However, only a minority of patients that receive ACT with tumor-specific T cells exhibit durable benefit. Thus, there is an urgent need to characterize mechanisms of resistance and define strategies to alleviate immunosuppression in the context of ACT in cancer. This article reviews the importance of lymphodepleting regimens in promoting the optimal engraftment and expansion of T cells in hosts after adoptive transfer. In addition, we discuss the role of concomitant immunosuppression and the accumulation of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) during immune recovery after lymphodepleting regimens and mobilization regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Innamarato
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Shari Pilon-Thomas
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Predicting the Clinical Outcome of Lung Adenocarcinoma Using a Novel Gene Pair Signature Related to RNA-Binding Protein. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8896511. [PMID: 33195699 PMCID: PMC7643376 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8896511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer, and patients have varying prognoses. RNA-binding proteins (RBP) are deemed to be closely associated with tumorigenesis and development, but the exact mechanism is currently unknown. This study was aimed at constructing a new robust prognostic model based on RNA-binding protein-related gene pair scores for better clinical guidance. The model for this study was constructed based on data of lung adenocarcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Prognosis-related RBP gene pair models were created based on differentially expressed genes, and the accuracy of the models was verified in a different age, staging, and other subdatasets. A total of 379 RNA-binding protein-related genes were differentially expressed in tumor tissue. From these genes, we constructed a prognostic model consisting of 33 gene pairs, which were found to be significantly associated with survival in TCGA dataset (P < 0.0001, hazard ratio (HR) = 4.380 (3.139 to 6.111)) and different subdatasets. As expected, the results were verified in the GEO validation cohort (P = 7.8 × 10−3, HR = 1.597 (1.095 to 2.325)). We found that the signature exhibited an independent prognostic factor in both the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses (P < 0.001). CIBERSORT was applied to estimate the fractions of infiltrated immune cells in bulk tumor tissues. CD8 T cells, activated dendritic cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and activated CD4 memory T cells presented a significantly lower fraction in the high-risk group (P < 0.01). Patients in the high-risk group had significantly higher tumor mutational burden (TMB) (P = 4.953e − 04) and lower levels of immune cells (P = 3.473e − 05) and stromal cells (P = 0.005) in the tumor microenvironment than those in the low-risk group. Furthermore, the Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and various enrichment analyses have genuinely uncovered the interrelationships and potential functions of the RBP genes within the model. The results of the present study validated the importance of RNA-binding proteins in tumorigenesis and progression and support the RBP gene-related signature as a promising marker for prognosis prediction in lung adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
|
15
|
Lin B, Du L, Li H, Zhu X, Cui L, Li X. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes: Warriors fight against tumors powerfully. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110873. [PMID: 33068926 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor tissues. After isolation, screening and amplification in vitro, they will be implanted into patients and play a specific killing effect on tumors. Since TILs have not been genetically modified and come from the body of patients, there will be relatively few adverse reactions. This is also the advantage of TIL treatment. In recent years, its curative effect on solid tumors began to show its sharpness. However, due to the limitations of the immune microenvironment and the mutation of antigens, TIL's development was slowed down. This article reviews the research progress, biological characteristics, preparation and methods of enhancing the therapeutic effect of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, their roles in different tumors and prognosis, and emphasizes the important value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in anti-tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baisheng Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China
| | - Likun Du
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China; The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Clinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Meng L, He X, Zhang X, Zhang X, Wei Y, Wu B, Li W, Li J, Xiao Y. Predicting the clinical outcome of melanoma using an immune-related gene pairs signature. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240331. [PMID: 33031392 PMCID: PMC7544036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Melanoma is rare but dangerous skin cancer, and it can spread rather quickly in the advanced stages of the tumor. Abundant evidence suggests the relationship between tumor development and progression and the immune system. A robust gene risk model could provide an accurate prediction of clinical outcomes. The present study aimed to explore a robust signature of immune-related gene pairs (IRGPs) for estimating overall survival (OS) in malignant melanoma. METHODS Clinical and genetic data of skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was performed as a training dataset to identify candidate IRGPs for the prognosis of melanoma. Two independent datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE65904) and TCGA dataset (TCGA-UVM) were selected for external validation. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were then performed to explore the prognostic power of the IRGPs signature and other clinical factors. CIBERSORTx was applied to estimate the fractions of infiltrated immune cells in bulk tumor tissues. RESULTS A signature consisted of 33 IRGPs was established which was significantly associated with patients' survival in the TCGA-SKCM dataset (P = 2.0×10-16, Hazard Ratio (HR) = 4.220 (2.909 to 6.122)). We found the IRGPs signature exhibited an independent prognostic factor in all the three independent cohorts in both the univariate and multivariate Cox analysis (P<0.01). The prognostic efficacy of the signature remained unaffected regardless of whether BRAF or NRAS was mutated. As expected, the results were verified in the GSE65904 dataset and the TCGA-UVM dataset. We found an apparent shorter OS in patients of the high-risk group in the GSE65904 dataset (P = 2.1×10-3; HR = 1.988 (1.309 to 3.020)). The trend in the results of the survival analysis in TCGA-UVM was as we expected, but the result was not statistically significant (P = 0.117, HR = 4.263 (1.407 to 12.91)). CD8 T cells, activated dendritic cells (DCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), and activated CD4 memory T cells presented a significantly lower fraction in the high-risk group in the TCGA-SKCM dataset(P <0.01). CONCLUSION The results of the present study support the IRGPs signature as a promising marker for prognosis prediction in melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Meng
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PAP Beijing Corps Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxi He
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingtian Wei
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PAP Beijing Corps Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PAP Beijing Corps Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yueyong Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
McAvoy MB, Choi BD, Jones PS. Immune Therapy for Central Nervous System Metastasis. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2020; 31:627-639. [PMID: 32921357 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastases lead to substantial morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced malignancies. Although treatment options have traditionally included largely palliative measures, studies of brain metastasis response to immunotherapy are promising. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown efficacy in studies of patients with melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and lung cancer brain metastases. Patients with brain metastases are more frequently included in clinical trials, ushering in a new era in immunotherapy and management for patients with brain metastases. Gaining an understanding of the molecular determination for response to immunotherapies remains a major challenge and is an active area of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malia B McAvoy
- University of Washington Medical Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, Box 356470, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-6470, USA
| | - Bryan D Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Parkman Street, WAC 3, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Pamela S Jones
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Parkman Street, WAC 745, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Reactive Myelopoiesis Triggered by Lymphodepleting Chemotherapy Limits the Efficacy of Adoptive T Cell Therapy. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2252-2270. [PMID: 32615068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) in combination with lymphodepleting chemotherapy is an effective strategy to induce the eradication of tumors, providing long-term regression in cancer patients. Despite that lymphodepleting regimens condition the host for optimal engraftment and expansion of adoptively transferred T cells, lymphodepletion concomitantly promotes immunosuppression during the course of endogenous immune recovery. In this study, we have identified that lymphodepleting chemotherapy initiates the mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells that differentiate to immunosuppressive myeloid cells, leading to a dramatic increase of peripheral myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In melanoma and lung cancer patients, MDSCs rapidly expanded in the periphery within 1 week after completion of a lymphodepleting regimen and infusion of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). This expansion was associated with disease progression, poor survival, and reduced TIL persistence in melanoma patients. We demonstrated that the interleukin 6 (IL-6)-driven differentiation of mobilized hematopoietic progenitor cells promoted the survival and immunosuppressive capacity of post-lymphodepletion MDSCs. Furthermore, the genetic abrogation or therapeutic inhibition of IL-6 in mouse models enhanced host survival and reduced tumor growth in mice that received ACT. Thus, the expansion of MDSCs in response to lymphodepleting chemotherapy may contribute to ACT failure, and targeting myeloid-mediated immunosuppression may support anti-tumor immune responses.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lu YC, Wang XJ. Harnessing the power of the immune system in cancer immunotherapy and cancer prevention. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:675-678. [PMID: 32386070 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chen Lu
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|