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Changaris DG. Extended Wrist Rotation Simplified. Cureus 2024; 16:e54319. [PMID: 38371435 PMCID: PMC10871871 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Extended wrist rotation provides a simple clinical measure of rigidity in movement disorders. The supinator-pronator muscles of the forearm form an agonist-antagonist pair that can be isolated for diagnosis and monitoring. Patients rarely can isolate these muscles without extraordinary training and body awareness. Clinicians may find documenting the impact of the shoulder girdle, wrist, and hand movements overburdensome. A preliminary study shows that restricting the olecranon and keeping the wrist in line with the hand can provide a simple, reproducible measure of rigidity. We study a two-handed "handshake" examination and the use of a pulley-based goniometer. This preliminary analysis indicates that both offer the same observer and between-observer reliability. Two-way analysis of variance showed no statistical differences or outliers.
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Pande S, Ang K, Myat MW, Neo S, Subramaniam S. Spinal segmental myoclonus following spinal surgery. Br J Neurosurg 2023; 37:393-395. [PMID: 32530327 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2020.1777262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A 44-year-old male was admitted with L5/S1 spondylodiscitis complicated by a posterior epidural abscess that was compressing the thecal sac with severe narrowing of the canal and compression of the cauda equine. He underwent computed tomography (CT) guided drainage followed by L5/S1 decompression laminectomy and was started on a 6-week course of intravenous antibiotics with good response. He remained well and afebrile with inflammatory markers showing improvement. During this period, he developed intermittent myoclonic movements of right lower limb with severe pain over the back radiating to the gluteal region which hindered his rehabilitation potential. He was diagnosed with spinal segmental myoclonus based on clinical findings and history of recent spinal surgery. He was successfully treated with a course of clonazepam and continues to make functional improvements during his rehabilitation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant Pande
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kokcher Ang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - May Win Myat
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shermyn Neo
- Neurology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Surisetti BK, Prasad S, Holla VV, Kamble N, Yadav R, Pal PK. Movement Disorders Associated With Radiotherapy and Surgical Procedures. J Mov Disord 2023; 16:42-51. [PMID: 36628430 PMCID: PMC9978251 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.22092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Occasionally, movement disorders can occur following interventional procedures including but not limited to radiotherapy, dental procedures, and cardiac, cerebral and spinal surgeries. The majority of these disorders tend to be unexpected sequelae with variable phenomenology and latency, and they can often be far more disabling than the primary disease for which the procedure was performed. Owing to poor knowledge and awareness of the problem, delays in diagnosing the condition are common, as are misdiagnoses as functional movement disorders. This narrative review discusses the phenomenology, pathophysiology, and potential treatments of various movement disorders caused by interventional procedures such as radiotherapy and neurological and non-neurological surgeries and procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Kumar Surisetti
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shweta Prasad
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vikram Venkappayya Holla
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitish Kamble
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,Corresponding author: Pramod Kumar Pal, MD, DNB, DM, FRCP Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029, India / Tel: +91-80-26995147 / Fax: +91-80-26564830 / E-mail:
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Gutti NB, Kalita J, Pandey PC. Paroxysmal spinal hemidystonia in neuromyelitis optica. Intern Med J 2022; 52:1429-1433. [PMID: 35973954 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Paroxysmal dystonia occurs because of genetic or structural lesion in the basal ganglia or thalamus, and there is paucity of reporting in spinal pathology. We report a patient with paroxysmal hemidystonia admitted to a tertiary care hospital, India, and review the literature on spinal dystonia in neuromyelitis optica (NMO). A 19-year-old woman presented with recurrent visual loss and quadriparesis. She developed paroxysmal hemidystonia after 18 days of a second episode of quadriplegia, during which her muscle power improved to Grade 3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of her spine showed central T2 hyperintensity extending from C2 to C7 vertebral level, and a cranial MRI was normal. Tibial somatosensory evoked potentials were unrecordable. Aquaporin-4 antibody was positive in serum, confirming the diagnosis of NMO. Paroxysmal hemidystonia responded to carbamazepine 200 mg thrice daily. Paroxysmal dystonia may occur in a patient with myelitis and may respond to carbamazepine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra B Gutti
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jayantee Kalita
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prakash C Pandey
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Yang X, Li H, Hallett M, Wan X, Wu Y. Scar Dancing Syndrome: Peripheral Trauma Induced Involuntary Hyperkinesia around Surgical Incision. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2021; 8:267-272. [PMID: 33816653 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peripherally induced movement disorders represent a rare and debated complication of peripheral trauma. It is difficult to determine a causal relationship between peripheral injuries and subsequent movement disorders. Cases Here, we introduce and characterize four patients with post-surgical scar-associated movement disorders, a peripherally-induced rippling movement disorder confined to the muscles just under a long surgical incision scar, appearing weeks to months after surgery. This novel 'scar dancing' syndrome does not spread to adjacent muscles and persists during sleep. Conclusion Scar dancing syndrome expands the phenotypic spectrum of peripherally induced movement disorders, in which movement disorder is confined to a long surgical incision site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Xinhua Wan
- Department of Neurology Peking Union Medical College Hospital Beijing China
| | - Yiwen Wu
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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Sardana V, Sharma SK. Delayed Propriospinal Myoclonus Following Dorsal Spinal Cord Surgery. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2019; 22:491-493. [PMID: 31736579 PMCID: PMC6839301 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_195_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral disorders are known to be associated with myoclonus, but spinal pathologies have received little attention as a causative factor in movement disorders. Propriospinal myoclonus (PSM) is a rare hyperkinetic movement disorder caused by activity of a spinal pattern generator localized in a few segments of the spinal cord, spreading to other intraspinal segments via propriospinal pathways. Majority of cases of PSM are reported as functional movement disorders. Structural lesions were found in only a small number of reported cases. We present this rare case report of a patient who developed PSM 2 years following spinal surgery, done 5 years ago for D6–D7 vertebral body collapse. To the best of our knowledge, only few cases of PSM have been reported after spinal surgery and none from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Sardana
- Department of Neurology, Government Medical College, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Government Medical College, Kota, Rajasthan, India
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Christodoulides I, Giamouriadis A, Bashford J, Barkas K. Spinal myoclonus: a rare presentation of cervical myelopathy. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2018-225455. [PMID: 30061134 PMCID: PMC6069946 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-225455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoclonus describes a movement disorder characterised by brief, abrupt and involuntary contractions of muscles or groups of muscles, usually associated with intracranial lesions, with limited evidence linking it to spinal pathologies. The pathophysiology of spinal myoclonus is extensive and multifactorial. Infection, intramedullary and extramedullary space-occupying lesions, trauma, vascular abnormalities, degenerative processes and cervical spondylosis have been implicated with the disease, the latter been associated with cervical stenosis with no reported cases linking it to an underlying cervical disc herniation. Although medical therapy with clonazepam, levetiracetam, valproate, tetrabenazine hydrochloride and spinal block injections has been equivocal, spinal myoclonus secondary to disc herniation requires surgical intervention. This report describes a case of segmental spinal myoclonus, secondary to a herniated cervical intervertebral disc. After corpectomy and a cage-augmented fusion technique, the myoclonic symptoms resolved. To our knowledge, this was the first report to describe the successful management of discogenic spinal myoclonus with spinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James Bashford
- Department of Neurosurgery, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Konstantinos Barkas
- Department of Neurosurgery, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Abstract
Peripherally induced movement disorders may be defined as involuntary or abnormal movements triggered by trauma to the cranial or peripheral nerves or roots. Although patients often recall some history of trauma before the onset of a movement disorder, determining the true relationship of the disorder to the earlier trauma is often difficult. The pathophysiology of these disorders is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Jankovic
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Abdo WF, Bloem BR, Eijk JJ, Geurts AC, van Alfen N, van de Warrenburg BP. Atypical dystonic shoulder movements following neuralgic amyotrophy. Mov Disord 2009; 24:293-6. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.22398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Shimizu F, Kawai M, Koga M, Ogasawara JI, Negoro K, Kanda T. [Case of painful muscle spasm induced by thoracic vertebral fracture: successful treatment with lumbar sympathetic ganglia block]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2008; 48:733-6. [PMID: 19086429 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.48.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report a 70-year-old man, who developed painful involuntary muscle contraction of the left leg after the lumbar discectomy, which exacerbated after a vertebral fracture of Th12. This involuntary movement was accompanied with the abnormal position of left leg simulating triple flexion response, and was induced by active or passive movement of his left knee and foot joints. Several drugs including benzodiazepines and dantrolene were ineffective, although treatment with baclofen or carbamazepine was effective. These findings suggest that hyperexcitability of the anterior horn cells following the disturbance of spinal inhibitory interneurons was involved. Electophysiological studies suggested the disturbance of left lumber nerve roots. The spinal root blocks from L3 to S1 were performed, after which the painful involuntary muscle spasm was resolved. The lumbar sympathetic ganglia block was also effective; suggesting that abnormal afferent neuronal input to spinal cord was caused by the nerve root trauma which triggered the formation of secondary abnormal network in the spine. Lumbar sympathetic ganglia block should be recommended to a therapeutic option for the refractory painful muscle spasm of the leg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Shimizu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine
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Lee JY, Chung KJ, Chung MH, Choi YR, Won RS, Kim YJ. A case of spinal myoclonus with radiculopathy following spine surgery - A case report -. Korean J Anesthesiol 2008. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2008.55.4.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kook Jin Chung
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Hwa Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ryong Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Rim Soo Won
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Jae Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Capelle HH, Wöhrle JC, Weigel R, Grips E, Bäzner HJ, Krauss JK. Propriospinal myoclonus due to cervical disc herniation. Case report. J Neurosurg Spine 2005; 2:608-11. [PMID: 15945438 DOI: 10.3171/spi.2005.2.5.0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Propriospinal myoclonus is a rare form of spinal myoclonus. In most cases the cause has remained unclear. Secondary propriospinal myoclonus has been described secondary to various disorders including trauma, tumor, and infection. Thus far, propriospinal myoclonus caused by cervical disc herniation has not been reported. In the present report, the authors describe the case of a 53-year-old man who presented with radicular symptoms of the right C-6 nerve root and myoclonic twitches predominantly affecting the abdominal muscles but spreading to adjacent muscles. The spread was triggered and enforced by certain movements. Magnetic resonance imaging studies revealed a C-6 nerve root compression at the C5-6 level on the right side but no cervical myelopathy. Electromyography studies confirmed the diagnosis of propriospinal myoclonus. After discectomy and cage-augmented fusion via an anterior approach, the myoclonic movement disorder gradually subsided. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on successful treatment of propriospinal myoclonus by spinal disc surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Holger Capelle
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Klinikum Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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