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Daida K, Yoshino H, Malik L, Baker B, Ishiguro M, Genner R, Paquette K, Li Y, Nishioka K, Masuzugawa S, Hirano M, Takahashi K, Kolmogolv M, Billingsley KJ, Funayama M, Blauwendraat C, Hattori N. The Utility of Long-Read Sequencing in Diagnosing Genetic Autosomal Recessive Parkinson's Disease: a genetic screening study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.14.24308784. [PMID: 39108517 PMCID: PMC11302705 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.14.24308784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Mutations within the genes PRKN and PINK1 are the leading cause of early onset autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the genetic cause of most early-onset PD (EOPD) cases still remains unresolved. Long-read sequencing has successfully identified many pathogenic structural variants that cause disease, but this technology has not been widely applied to PD. We recently identified the genetic cause of EOPD in a pair of monozygotic twins by uncovering a complex structural variant that spans over 7 Mb, utilizing Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) long-read sequencing. In this study, we aimed to expand on this and assess whether a second variant could be detected with ONT long-read sequencing in other unresolved EOPD cases reported to carry one heterozygous variant in PRKN or PINK1. Methods ONT long-read sequencing was performed on patients with one reported PRKN/PINK1 pathogenic variant. EOPD patients with an age at onset younger than 50 were included in this study. As a positive control, we also included EOPD patients who had already been identified to carry two known PRKN pathogenic variants. Initial genetic testing was performed using either short-read targeted panel sequencing for single nucleotide variants and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for copy number variants. Results 48 patients were included in this study (PRKN "one-variant" n = 24, PINK1 "one-variant" n = 12, PRKN "two-variants" n = 12). Using ONT long-read sequencing, we detected a second pathogenic variant in six PRKN "one-variant" patients (26%, 6/23) but none in the PINK1 "one-variant" patients (0%, 0/12). Long-read sequencing identified one case with a complex inversion, two instances of structural variant overlap, and three cases of duplication. In addition, in the positive control PRKN "two-variants" group, we were able to identify both pathogenic variants in PRKN in all the patients (100%, 12/12). Conclusions This data highlights that ONT long-read sequencing is a powerful tool to identify a pathogenic structural variant at the PRKN locus that is often missed by conventional methods. Therefore, for cases where conventional methods fail to detect a second variant for EOPD, long-read sequencing should be considered as an alternative and complementary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Daida
- Integrative Neurogenomics Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Yoshino
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Laksh Malik
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Breeana Baker
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mayu Ishiguro
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rylee Genner
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly Paquette
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuanzhe Li
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Nishioka
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Makito Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenta Takahashi
- Division of Neurology and Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Mikhail Kolmogolv
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kimberley J Billingsley
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manabu Funayama
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Integrative Neurogenomics Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaborative Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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Funayama M, Nishioka K, Li Y, Hattori N. Molecular genetics of Parkinson's disease: Contributions and global trends. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:125-130. [PMID: 35821405 PMCID: PMC9968657 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by motor dysfunction. Aging is the greatest risk factor for developing PD. Recent molecular genetic studies have revealed that genetic factors, in addition to aging and environmental factors, play an important role in the development of the disorder. Studies of familial PD have identified approximately 20 different causative genes. PRKN is the most frequently detected causative gene in Japan. The PRKN gene is located at a common fragile site, and both copy number variants as well as single nucleotide variants are frequently detected. The location and variety of variant types makes an accurate genetic diagnosis difficult with conventional genetic testing. In sporadic PD, genome-wide association studies have revealed more than 200 genes that are potential drivers for the development of PD. Many of these studies have been conducted in Caucasian populations alone, which has limited the identification of all genetic risk factors for sporadic PD, particularly as genetic backgrounds vary widely by race. The Global Parkinson's Genetics Program is a global undertaking meant to address the issue of regional differences in genetic studies of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Funayama
- Research Institute of Disease of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Kenya Nishioka
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuanzhe Li
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Research Institute of Disease of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaborative Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0106, Japan
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Huang T, Gao CY, Wu L, Gong PY, Wang JZ, Tian YY, Zhang YD. Han Chinese family with early-onset Parkinson's disease carries novel compound heterozygous mutations in the PARK2 gene. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01372. [PMID: 31386307 PMCID: PMC6749482 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify deletions, duplications, and point mutations in 55 previously reported genes associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and certain genes associated with tremor, spinocerebellar ataxia, and dystonia in a Han Chinese pedigree with early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD). PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical examinations and genomic analyses were performed on six subjects belonging to three generations of a Han Chinese family. Target region capture and high-throughput sequencing were used to screen these genes associated with PD, tremor, spinocerebellar ataxia, and dystonia. The multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) method was applied to detect rearrangements in PARK2 exons. Direct Sanger sequencing of samples from all subjects further verified the detected abnormal PRKRA, SPTBN2, and ATXN2 gene fragments. RESULTS Two family members were diagnosed with PD based on the clinical manifestations, imaging analyses. PARK2 gene heterozygous deletion of exon 3 and heterozygous duplication of exon 6 were identified in them (II-3 and 4). A single heterozygous deletion of exon 3 in PARK2 was detected in II-5 and III-10. A single duplication of exon 6 in PARK2 was detected in I1. Both the heterozygous mutation c.2834G>A (p. R945H) in exon 16 and the heterozygous mutation c.1924 C>T (p. R642W) in exon 14 of the SPTBN2 gene were identified in II-3, II-4, and III-10. The heterozygous mutation c.2989 C>T (p. R997X) in exon 24 of the ATXN2 gene was detected in II-4 and II-5, and the heterozygous mutation c.170 C>A (p. S57Y) in exon 2 of the PRKRA gene was detected in II-3, II-4, and III-10. Other mutations in some genes associated with PD, tremor, spinocerebellar ataxia, and dystonia were not detected. CONCLUSIONS Novel compound heterozygous mutations were identified in a Han Chinese pedigree and might represent a cause of EOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen-Yu Gao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng-Yu Gong
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji-Zheng Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Hefei, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - You-Yong Tian
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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