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Theis H, Pavese N, Rektorová I, van Eimeren T. Imaging Biomarkers in Prodromal and Earliest Phases of Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:S353-S365. [PMID: 38339941 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Assessing imaging biomarker in the prodromal and early phases of Parkinson's disease (PD) is of great importance to ensure an early and safe diagnosis. In the last decades, imaging modalities advanced and are now able to assess many different aspects of neurodegeneration in PD. MRI sequences can measure iron content or neuromelanin. Apart from SPECT imaging with Ioflupane, more specific PET tracers to assess degeneration of the dopaminergic system are available. Furthermore, metabolic PET patterns can be used to anticipate a phenoconversion from prodromal PD to manifest PD. In this regard, it is worth mentioning that PET imaging of inflammation will gain significance. Molecular imaging of neurotransmitters like serotonin, noradrenaline and acetylcholine shed more light on non-motor symptoms. Outside of the brain, molecular imaging of the heart and gut is used to measure PD-related degeneration of the autonomous nervous system. Moreover, optical coherence tomography can noninvasively detect degeneration of retinal fibers as a potential biomarker in PD. In this review, we describe these state-of-the-art imaging modalities in early and prodromal PD and point out in how far these techniques can and will be used in the future to pave the way towards a biomarker-based staging of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Theis
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicola Pavese
- Aarhus University, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Newcastle University, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Irena Rektorová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine and St. Anne's University Hospital, International Clinical Research Center, ICRC, Brno, Czech Republic
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine and St. Anne's University Hospital, First Department of Neurology, Brno, Czech Republic
- Masaryk University, Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Thilo van Eimeren
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
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Akdemir ÜÖ, Bora Tokçaer A, Atay LÖ. Dopamine transporter SPECT imaging in Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonian disorders. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:400-410. [PMID: 33237660 PMCID: PMC8203173 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2008-253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging provides an objective tool for the assessment of dopaminergic function of presynaptic terminals which is valuable for the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders related to a striatal dopaminergic deficiency from movement disorders not related a striatal dopaminergic deficiency. DAT imaging with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can be used to confirm or exclude a diagnosis of dopamine deficient parkinsonism in cases where the diagnosis is unclear. It can also detect the dopaminergic dysfunction in presymptomatic subjects at risk for Parkinson’s disease (PD) since the reduced radiotracer binding to DATs in striatum is already present in the prodromal stage of PD. This review covers the rationale of using DAT SPECT imaging in the diagnosis of PD and other parkinsonian disorders, specifically focusing on the practical aspects of imaging and routine clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümit Özgür Akdemir
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Bora Tokçaer
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lütfiye Özlem Atay
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Moriya H, Tiger M, Tateno A, Sakayori T, Masuoka T, Kim W, Arakawa R, Okubo Y. Low dopamine transporter binding in the nucleus accumbens in geriatric patients with severe depression. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:424-430. [PMID: 32363761 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system is considered to be related to major depressive disorder (MDD). Especially, MDD in geriatric patients is characterized by anhedonia, which is assumed to be associated with reduced dopamine neurotransmission in the reward system. Dopamine transporter (DAT) is considered to reflect the function of the dopamine nerve system. However, previous DAT imaging studies using single photon emission computed tomography or positron emission tomography (PET) have shown inconsistent results. The radioligand [18 F]FE-PE2I for PET enables more precise evaluation of DAT availability. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the DAT availability in geriatric patients with MDD using [18 F]FE-PE2I. METHODS Eleven geriatric patients with severe MDD and 27 healthy controls underwent PET with [18 F]FE-PE2I, which has high affinity and selectivity for DAT. Binding potentials (BPND ) in the striatum (caudate and putamen), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and substantia nigra were calculated. BPND values were compared between MDD patients and healthy controls. RESULTS MDD patients showed significantly lower DAT BPND in the NAc (P = 0.009), and there was a trend of lower BPND in the putamen (P = 0.032) compared to controls. CONCLUSION We found low DAT in the NAc and putamen in geriatric patients with severe MDD, which could be related to dysregulation of the reward system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Moriya
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikael Tiger
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amane Tateno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakayori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Masuoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - WooChan Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Arakawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Okubo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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EANM practice guideline/SNMMI procedure standard for dopaminergic imaging in Parkinsonian syndromes 1.0. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:1885-1912. [PMID: 32388612 PMCID: PMC7300075 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04817-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This joint practice guideline or procedure standard was developed collaboratively by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI). The goal of this guideline is to assist nuclear medicine practitioners in recommending, performing, interpreting, and reporting the results of dopaminergic imaging in parkinsonian syndromes. Methods Currently nuclear medicine investigations can assess both presynaptic and postsynaptic function of dopaminergic synapses. To date both EANM and SNMMI have published procedural guidelines for dopamine transporter imaging with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) (in 2009 and 2011, respectively). An EANM guideline for D2 SPECT imaging is also available (2009). Since the publication of these previous guidelines, new lines of evidence have been made available on semiquantification, harmonization, comparison with normal datasets, and longitudinal analyses of dopamine transporter imaging with SPECT. Similarly, details on acquisition protocols and simplified quantification methods are now available for dopamine transporter imaging with PET, including recently developed fluorinated tracers. Finally, [18F]fluorodopa PET is now used in some centers for the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism, although procedural guidelines aiming to define standard procedures for [18F]fluorodopa imaging in this setting are still lacking. Conclusion All these emerging issues are addressed in the present procedural guidelines for dopaminergic imaging in parkinsonian syndromes.
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PD and DLB: Brain imaging in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 165:167-185. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Chung SJ, Yoo HS, Moon H, Oh JS, Kim JS, Park YH, Hong JY, Ye BS, Sohn YH, Lee PH. Early-onset drug-induced parkinsonism after exposure to offenders implies nigrostriatal dopaminergic dysfunction. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89:169-174. [PMID: 28912301 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-315873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The onset of parkinsonism in patients with drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) exhibits extensive individual variability following exposure to offending drugs. We investigated whether the individual variations in the onset time of parkinsonism reflected the underlying subtle dopaminergic dysfunction in DIP. METHODS We enrolled 71 patients with DIP who had visually normal striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability in 18F-FP-CIT positron emission tomography scans. According to their exposure durations to the offending drugs prior to onset of the parkinsonism, the patients were divided into the early-onset group (duration ≤6 months; n=35) and delayed-onset group (duration >6 months; n=36). We performed the quantitative analysis of the DAT availability in each striatal subregion between the groups. RESULTS No patients with DIP had DAT availability that was more than 2 SD below the normal mean of DAT availability. Compared with the delayed-onset group, the early-onset DIP group had decreased DAT availability in the striatal subregions including the posterior putamen (p=0.018), anterior putamen (p=0.011), caudate (p=0.035) and ventral striatum (p=0.027). After adjusting for age, sex and cross-cultural smell identification test scores, a multivariate analysis revealed that the DAT availability in the striatal subregions of the patients with DIP was significantly and positively associated with the natural logarithm of the duration of drug exposure. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a short exposure to the offending drugs before the development of parkinsonism would be associated with subtle nigrostriatal dopaminergic dysfunction in patients with DIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Jong Chung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Soo Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojeong Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsu S Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hee Park
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Hong
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Seok Ye
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young H Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cilia R, Tunesi S, Marotta G, Cereda E, Siri C, Tesei S, Zecchinelli AL, Canesi M, Mariani CB, Meucci N, Sacilotto G, Zini M, Barichella M, Magnani C, Duga S, Asselta R, Soldà G, Seresini A, Seia M, Pezzoli G, Goldwurm S. Survival and dementia inGBA-associated Parkinson's disease: The mutation matters. Ann Neurol 2016; 80:662-673. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.24777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cilia
- Parkinson Institute, ASST “Gaetano Pini-CTO”; Milan Italy
| | - Sara Tunesi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Unit of Medical Statistics and Cancer Epidemiology; University of Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (CPO); University Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”; Turin Italy
| | - Giorgio Marotta
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan Italy
| | | | - Chiara Siri
- Parkinson Institute, ASST “Gaetano Pini-CTO”; Milan Italy
| | - Silvana Tesei
- Parkinson Institute, ASST “Gaetano Pini-CTO”; Milan Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michela Zini
- Parkinson Institute, ASST “Gaetano Pini-CTO”; Milan Italy
| | | | - Corrado Magnani
- Department of Translational Medicine, Unit of Medical Statistics and Cancer Epidemiology; University of Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and Humanitas Clinical and Research Center; Rozzano Milan Italy
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and Humanitas Clinical and Research Center; Rozzano Milan Italy
| | - Giulia Soldà
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; and Humanitas Clinical and Research Center; Rozzano Milan Italy
| | - Agostino Seresini
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan Italy
| | - Manuela Seia
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan Italy
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Parkinson Institute, ASST “Gaetano Pini-CTO”; Milan Italy
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Correlation of 3D FLAIR and Dopamine Transporter Imaging in Patients With Parkinsonism. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016; 207:1089-1094. [PMID: 27489952 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.16.16092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to evaluate direct in vivo visualization of nigrosome-1 in substantia nigra (SN) with 3D FLAIR imaging and its diagnostic value in predicting the intactness of presynaptic dopaminergic function of the nigrostriatal pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five patients showing parkinsonism who underwent both 3D FLAIR and dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging were recruited. In total, 90 SNs were reviewed on axial 3D FLAIR images. We regarded oval or linear hyperintensities on the posterolateral side of SN as intact nigrosome-1. Two neuroradiologists independently evaluated the appearance of nigrosome-1, and disagreements were settled by consensus. Kappa values for interrater agreement were calculated. Diagnostic performances of the appearance of nigrosome-1 for predicting presynaptic dopaminergic function on DAT imaging and Parkinson disease (PD) were calculated. RESULTS The diagnostic performances of a loss of nigrosome-1 on 3D FLAIR images were sensitivity of 85.7%, specificity of 85.4%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 83.7%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 87.2% for predicting impaired presynaptic dopaminergic function on DAT imaging, and sensitivity of 94.7%, specificity of 76.9%, PPV of 85.7%, and NPV of 90.9% for predicting PD. When only oval hyperintensity was considered as intact nigrosome-1, its sensitivity and NPV were increased up to 95.2% and 91.7%, respectively, for predicting impaired presynaptic dopaminergic function on DAT imaging, and both increased to 100% for predicting PD. Interobserver agreement for the appearance of nigrosome-1 on 3D FLAIR images was substantial (κ = 0.625). CONCLUSION Nigrosome-1 could be visualized on 3D FLAIR images, and its loss can be used to predict presynaptic dopaminergic function and to diagnose PD with high accuracy.
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Rodriguez-Porcel F, Jamali S, Duker AP, Espay AJ. Dopamine transporter scanning in the evaluation of patients with suspected Parkinsonism: a case-based user’s guide. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 16:23-9. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1120160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Starkstein S, Gellar S, Parlier M, Payne L, Piven J. High rates of parkinsonism in adults with autism. J Neurodev Disord 2015; 7:29. [PMID: 26322138 PMCID: PMC4553212 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-015-9125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While it is now recognized that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is typically a life-long condition, there exist only a handful of systematic studies on middle-aged and older adults with this condition. Methods We first performed a structured examination of parkinsonian motor signs in a hypothesis-generating, pilot study (study I) of 19 adults with ASD over 49 years of age. Observing high rates of parkinsonism in those off atypical neuroleptics (2/12, 17 %) in comparison to published population rates for Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonism, we examined a second sample of 37 adults with ASD, over 39 years of age, using a structured neurological assessment for parkinsonism. Results Twelve of the 37 subjects (32 %) met the diagnostic criteria for parkinsonism; however, of these, 29 subjects were on atypical neuroleptics, complicating interpretation of the findings. Two of eight (25 %) subjects not taking atypical neuroleptic medications met the criteria for parkinsonism. Combining subjects who were not currently taking atypical neuroleptic medications, across both studies, we conservatively classified 4/20 (20 %) with parkinsonism. Conclusions We find a high frequency of parkinsonism among ASD individuals older than 39 years. If high rates of parkinsonism and potentially Parkinson’s disease are confirmed in subsequent studies of ASD, this observation has important implications for understanding the neurobiology of autism and treatment of manifestations in older adults. Given the prevalence of autism in school-age children, the recognition of its life-long natural history, and the recognition of the aging of western societies, these findings also support the importance of further systematic study of other aspects of older adults with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Starkstein
- Fremantle Hospital, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia Australia ; Autism Association of Western Australia, Western Australia, WA 6008 Australia ; School of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia Australia
| | - Scott Gellar
- Fremantle Hospital, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia Australia
| | - Morgan Parlier
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 3367, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Leslie Payne
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 3367, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Joseph Piven
- Fremantle Hospital, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia Australia ; Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 3367, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
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Abstract
Interferon has been used to treat chronic viral hepatitis and several malignancies. However, it may cause various neuropsychiatric adverse effects including parkinsonism. We report a rare case of interferon alpha-2a therapy-related parkinsonism in a 67-year-old man with metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma and our experience of using Tc-99m-TRODAT-1 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) as a tool for evaluation of parkinsonism. Physicians should be alert to the possibility of interferon alpha-2a-related parkinsonism.
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Ba F, Martin WW. Dopamine transporter imaging as a diagnostic tool for parkinsonism and related disorders in clinical practice. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 21:87-94. [PMID: 25487733 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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