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He Y, Wang Z, Zuo M, Zhang S, Li W, Chen S, Yuan Y, Yang Y, Liu Y. The impact of neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders on the risk of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3532. [PMID: 38779749 PMCID: PMC11112403 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders have been proved that they can comorbid more often with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) than general population. However, the potential causal association between these disorders and iNPH has not been assessed. Thus, our study aims to investigate the causal relationship between them based on a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS Random effects of the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method were conducted to obtain the causal association among the neurocognitive disorders, psychiatric disorders, and iNPH. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 12 neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders were downloaded via the OpenGWAS database, GWAS Catalog, and Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, whereas GWAS data of iNPH were obtained from the FinnGen consortium round 9 release, with 767 cases and 375,610 controls of European ancestry. We also conducted the sensitivity analysis in these significant causal inferences using weighted median model, Cochrane's Q test, MR-Egger regression, MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier detect and the leave-one-out analysis. RESULTS For most of the neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders, no causal association was established between them and iNPH. We have found that iNPH (odds ratio [OR] = 1.030, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.011-1.048, p = .001) is associated with increased risk for schizophrenia, which failed in validation of sensitivity analysis. Notably, genetically predicted Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with increased risk of iNPH (OR = 1.256, 95% CI: 1.045-1.511, p = .015). CONCLUSION Our study has revealed the potential causal effect in which PD associated with an increased risk of iNPH. Further study is warranted to investigate the association between PD and iNPH and the potential underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze He
- Department of NeurosurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Mingrong Zuo
- Department of Pediatric NeurosurgeryWest China Women's and Children's Hospital, Sichuan University West China Second University HospitalChengduChina
| | - Shuxin Zhang
- Department of Critical Care MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wenhao Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Siliang Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yunbo Yuan
- Department of NeurosurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of NeurosurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Hao Y, Su Y, He Y, Zhang W, Liu Y, Guo Y, Chen X, Liu C, Han S, Wang B, Liu Y, Zhao W, Mu L, Wang J, Peng H, Han J, Kong Q. Impaired cerebral microvascular endothelial cells integrity due to elevated dopamine in myasthenic model. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:10. [PMID: 38178152 PMCID: PMC10765813 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-03005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease characterized by pathogenic antibodies that target structures of the neuromuscular junction. However, some patients also experience autonomic dysfunction, anxiety, depression, and other neurological symptoms, suggesting the complex nature of the neurological manifestations. With the aim of explaining the symptoms related to the central nervous system, we utilized a rat model to investigate the impact of dopamine signaling in the central nervous and peripheral circulation. We adopted several screening methods, including western blot, quantitative PCR, mass spectrum technique, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry. In this study, we observed increased and activated dopamine signaling in both the central nervous system and peripheral circulation of myasthenia gravis rats. Furthermore, changes in the expression of two key molecules, Claudin5 and CD31, in endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier were also examined in these rats. We also confirmed that dopamine incubation reduced the expression of ZO1, Claudin5, and CD31 in endothelial cells by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Overall, this study provides novel evidence suggesting that pathologically elevated dopamine in both the central nervous and peripheral circulation of myasthenia gravis rats impair brain-blood barrier integrity by inhibiting junction protein expression in brain microvascular endothelial cells through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hao
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yinchun Su
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yifan He
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xingfan Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunhan Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Siyu Han
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Buyi Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yushuang Liu
- Medicine Department of Guangzhou Geriatric Hospital, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lili Mu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haisheng Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Junwei Han
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Qingfei Kong
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
- The Heilongjiang Provincial Joint Laboratory of Basic Medicine and Multiple Organ System Diseases (International Cooperation), Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
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Rinaldi D, Alborghetti M, Bianchini E, Sforza M, Galli S, Pontieri FE. Monoamine-oxidase Type B Inhibitors and Cognitive Functions in Parkinson's Disease: Beyond the Primary Mechanism of Action. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1214-1223. [PMID: 36065929 PMCID: PMC10286595 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220905102144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Symptoms of cognitive impairment are rather common since the early stage of Parkinson's disease (PD); they aggravate with disease progression and may lead to dementia in a significant proportion of cases. Worsening of cognitive symptoms in PD patients depends on the progression of subcortical dopaminergic damage as well as the involvement of other brain neurotransmitter systems in cortical and subcortical regions. Beyond the negative impact on disability and quality of life, the presence and severity of cognitive symptoms may limit adjustments of dopamine replacement therapy along the disease course. This review focuses on the consequences of the administration of monoamine-oxidase type Binhibitors (MAOB-I) on cognition in PD patients. Two drugs (selegiline and rasagiline) are available for the treatment of motor symptoms of PD as monotherapy or in combination with L-DOPA or dopamine agonists in stable and fluctuating patients; a further drug (safinamide) is usable in fluctuating subjects solely. The results of available studies indicate differential effects according to disease stage and drug features. In early, non-fluctuating patients, selegiline and rasagiline ameliorated prefrontal executive functions, similarly to other dopaminergic drugs. Benefit on some executive functions was maintained in more advanced, fluctuating patients, despite the tendency of worsening prefrontal inhibitory control activity. Interestingly, high-dose safinamide improved inhibitory control in fluctuating patients. The benefit of high-dose safinamide on prefrontal inhibitory control mechanisms may stem from its dual mechanism of action, allowing reduction of excessive glutamatergic transmission, in turn secondary to increased cortical dopaminergic input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domiziana Rinaldi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
| | - Marika Alborghetti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bianchini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Michela Sforza
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Galli
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco E. Pontieri
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
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Affective disorders and сognitive impairment in the early stages of Parkinson's disease. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА 2022. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (BP) is the second most important age-related neurodegenerative disease in developed societies after Alzheimer's disease with a prevalence of 41 per 100,000 in the fourth decade of life to more than 1900 per 100,000 people over 80 years old.
Parkinson's disease (BP) is the second most important age-related neidgenerative disease in developed societies after Alzheimer's disease with a prevalence of 41 per 100,000 in the fourth decade of life to more than 1900 per 100,000 people over 80 years old.
Neurodegeneration associated with Parkinson's disease is likely to occur over several decades before the appearance of motor symptoms.
Affective and cognitive some of the most frequent non-engine manifestations of BP diseases that can lead to a variety of adverse outcomes
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Li M, Zhou L, Sun X, Yang Y, Zhang C, Wang T, Fu F. Dopamine, a co-regulatory component, bridges the central nervous system and the immune system. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112458. [PMID: 34847478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a crucial neurotransmitter that plays an important role in maintaining physiological function in human body. In the past, most studies focused on the relationship between the dopaminergic system and neurological-related diseases. However, it has been found recently that DA is an immunomodulatory mediator and many immune cells express dopamine receptors (DRs). Some immune cells can synthesize and secrete DA and then participate in regulating immune function. DRs agonists or antagonists can improve the dysfunction of immune system through classical G protein signaling pathways or other non-receptor-dependent pathways. This article will discuss the relationship between the dopaminergic system and the immune system. It will also review the use of DRs agonists or antagonists to treat chronic and acute inflammatory diseases and corresponding immunomodulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Yunqi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Ce Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China.
| | - Fenghua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China.
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He YB, Liu YL, Yang ZD, Lu JH, Song Y, Guan YM, Chen YM. Effect of ginsenoside-Rg1 on experimental Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:552. [PMID: 33850524 PMCID: PMC8027743 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that ginsenoside-Rg1 (G-Rg1) was able to mitigate the loss of dopaminergic neurons in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study provided a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies to pool current evidence on the effect of G-Rg1 on neurogenesis in the treatment of PD. Eligible studies were identified through a search from six databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, VIP, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and the Wanfang database. Primary outcomes were tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells in the nigra, Nissl staining-positive cells in the nigra, pole test time and dopamine (DA) levels in the striatum. A total of 18 eligible studies were identified, involving 343 animals. Of these, 13 reported a significant relationship between G-Rg1 and improved TH-positive cells in the nigra compared with the control group (P<0.00001). Furthermore, 3 studies reported a significant relationship between G-Rg1 and improved Nissl-positive cells in the nigra compared with the control group (P<0.00001). In addition, 4 studies reported a significant effect of G-Rg1 to reduce the total pole test time compared with that in the control group (P=0.001). A total of 3 studies indicated a significant association between G-Rg1 and improved DA levels in the striatum compared with the control group (P<0.00001). These results suggested that G-Rg1 has positive effects in attenuating damage in models of PD, and thus, it is a potential candidate neuroprotective drug for human PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Bo He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Lin Liu
- Reproductive Center, Sanya Maternal and Child Health Center, Sanya, Hainan 572000, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Dong Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, P.R. China
| | - Yao Song
- Department of Acupuncture, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ming Guan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Min Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Xie S, Niu W, Xu F, Wang Y, Hu S, Niu C. Differential expression and significance of miRNAs in plasma extracellular vesicles of patients with Parkinson's disease. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:673-688. [PMID: 33045885 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1835899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the feasibility of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Plasma EVs were isolated from 30 PD patients and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Plasma EVs miRNAs were analysed by qRT-PCR. SH-SY5Y cells were induced by different concentrations of 1-Methyl-4-phenil-pyridinium (MPP+) to obtain PD cellular model. The levels of miRNAs and α-synuclein (α-syn) in PD cellular model were analysed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the diagnostic usefulness of the miRNAs in plasma EVs for PD. The gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathways of the target genes of miRNAs were analysed by softwares. RESULTS The level of hsa-miR-30c-2-3p in plasma EVs was significantly higher in PD patients than that in controls, and the levels of hsa-miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-138-5p, hsa-miR-338-3p, hsa-miR-106b-3p and hsa-miR-431-5p in plasma EVs were lower in PD patients than that in controls. When compared with the control group, the area under the curve (AUC) values for hsa-miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-30c-2-3p, hsa-miR-138-5p, hsa-miR-431-5p, hsa-miR-338-3p and hsa-miR-106b-3p were all greater than 0.6. The target genes of hsa-miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-30c-2-3p, hsa-miR-138-5p and hsa-miR-338-3p were enriched in dopaminergic synapse and PD pathway. CONCLUSIONS The hsa-miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-30c-2-3p, hsa-miR-138-5p, hsa-miR-106b-3p, hsa-miR-338-3p and hsa-miR-431-5p may be used as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of PD, and the combined diagnostic accuracy of hsa-miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-30c-2-3p, hsa-miR-138-5p and hsa-miR-106b-3p was better. The target genes of hsa-miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-30c-2-3p, hsa-miR-138-5p and hsa-miR-338-3p may regulate the expression of dopamine by dopaminergic synapse and PD pathway.HighlightsIsolation and identification of plasma EVs.The miRNAs in plasma EVs may be used as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of PD.When SH-SY5Y cells were induced by different concentrations of MPP+, the levels of miRNAs and α-syn changed gradually.The target genes of miRNAs were enriched in dopaminergic synapse and PD pathway.The target genes of miRNAs may regulate the expression of dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishuai Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, Hefei, PR China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Wanxiang Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, Hefei, PR China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, Hefei, PR China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, Hefei, PR China
| | - Shanshan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, Hefei, PR China
| | - Chaoshi Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, Hefei, PR China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
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Xia QP, Cheng ZY, He L. The modulatory role of dopamine receptors in brain neuroinflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 76:105908. [PMID: 31622861 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a general pathological feature of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, primarily caused by activation of astrocytes and microglia, as well as the infiltration of peripheral immune cells. Inhibition of neuroinflammation is an important strategy in the treatment of brain disorders. Dopamine (DA) receptor, a significant G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is classified into two families: D1-like (D1 and D5) and D2-like (D2, D3 and D4) receptor families, according to their downstream signaling pathways. Traditionally, DA receptor forms a wide variety of psychological activities and motor functions, such as voluntary movement, working memory and learning. Recently, the role of DA receptor in neuroinflammation has been investigated widely, mainly focusing on nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, renin-angiotensin system, αB-crystallin, as well as invading peripheral immune cells, including T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and monocytes. This review briefly outlined the functions and signaling pathways of DA receptor subtypes as well as its role in inflammation-related glial cells, and subsequently summarized the mechanisms of DA receptors affecting neuroinflammation. Meaningfully, this article provided a theoretical basis for drug development targeting DA receptors in inflammation-related brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Peng Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhao-Yan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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9
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Cognitive performance in mid-stage Parkinson's disease: functional connectivity under chronic antiparkinson treatment. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 13:200-209. [PMID: 28942477 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) is related to the reorganization of brain topology. Although drug challenge studies have proven how levodopa treatment can modulate functional connectivity in brain circuits, the role of chronic dopaminergic therapy on cognitive status and functional connectivity has never been investigated. We sought to characterize brain functional topology in mid-stage PD patients under chronic antiparkinson treatment and explore the presence of correlation between reorganization of brain architecture and specific cognitive deficits. We explored networks topology and functional connectivity in 16 patients with PD and 16 matched controls through a graph theoretical analysis of resting state-functional MRI data, and evaluated the relationships between network metrics and cognitive performance. PD patients showed a preserved small-world network topology but a lower clustering coefficient in comparison with healthy controls. Locally, PD patients showed lower degree of connectivity and local efficiency in many hubs corresponding to functionally relevant areas. Four disconnected subnetworks were also identified in regions responsible for executive control, sensory-motor control and planning, motor coordination and visual elaboration. Executive functions and information processing speed were directly correlated with degree of connectivity and local efficiency in frontal, parietal and occipital areas. While functional reorganization appears in both motor and cognitive areas, the clinical expression of network imbalance seems to be partially compensated by the chronic levodopa treatment with regards to the motor but not to the cognitive performance. In a context of reduced network segregation, the presence of higher local efficiency in hubs regions correlates with a better cognitive performance.
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Ogasawara T, Nejime M, Takada M, Matsumoto M. Primate Nigrostriatal Dopamine System Regulates Saccadic Response Inhibition. Neuron 2018; 100:1513-1526.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Tyebji S, Seizova S, Hannan AJ, Tonkin CJ. Toxoplasmosis: A pathway to neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 96:72-92. [PMID: 30476506 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that resides, in a latent form, in the human central nervous system. Infection with Toxoplasma drastically alters the behaviour of rodents and is associated with the incidence of specific neuropsychiatric conditions in humans. But the question remains: how does this pervasive human pathogen alter behaviour of the mammalian host? This fundamental question is receiving increasing attention as it has far reaching public health implications for a parasite that is very common in human populations. Our current understanding centres on neuronal changes that are elicited directly by this intracellular parasite versus indirect changes that occur due to activation of the immune system within the CNS, or a combination of both. In this review, we explore the interactions between Toxoplasma and its host, the proposed mechanisms and consequences on neuronal function and mental health, and discuss Toxoplasma infection as a public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiraz Tyebji
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3052, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Simona Seizova
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3052, Australia.
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Christopher J Tonkin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3052, Australia.
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Batton AD, Blaha CD, Bieber A, Lee KH, Boschen SL. Stimulation of the subparafascicular thalamic nucleus modulates dopamine release in the inferior colliculus of rats. Synapse 2018; 73:e22073. [PMID: 30291737 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although dopamine is commonly studied for its role in incentive motivation, cognition, and various neuropsychiatric disorders, evidence from Parkinson's disease (PD) patients that present auditory deficits suggest that dopamine is also involved in central auditory processing. It has been recently discovered that the subparafascicular thalamic nucleus (SPF) sends dopaminergic projections to the inferior colliculus (IC), an important convergence hub for the ascending and descending auditory pathways. In the present study, our aim was to provide neurochemical evidence that activation of SPF neurons evokes dopamine release in the IC of anesthetized rats using fast-scan cyclic and paired pulse voltammetry in combination with carbon fiber microelectrodes. Electrical stimulation of the SPF (60 and 90 Hz) evoked dopamine release in the IC in a frequency-dependent manner, with higher frequencies evoking greater amplitude dopamine responses. Optogenetic-evoked dopamine responses were similar to the effects of electrical stimulation suggesting that electrical stimulation-evoked dopamine release was not due to nonspecific activation of fibers of passage, but rather to activation of SPF cells projecting to the IC. Selective dopamine reuptake blockade enhanced the evoked dopamine response, while selective blockade of serotonin did not, confirming the selectivity of the neurochemical recordings to dopamine. Therefore, the SPF neuronal pathway functionally mediates dopamine release in the IC and thus may be involved in auditory processing deficits associated with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyana D Batton
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Charles D Blaha
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Allan Bieber
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kendall H Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Suelen L Boschen
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Effects of Antiparkinson Medication on Cognition in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. Can J Neurol Sci 2018; 45:375-404. [PMID: 29747716 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2018.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically review the effects of currently prescribed antiparkinson medication on cognition in patients with mild-to-moderate Parkinson's disease (PD) who were either cognitively intact or mildly impaired. METHODS English- and French-language studies published between 1969 and 2017 were accessed via MedLine, PsychNET, EMBASE and EBSCO databases. Methodological quality (MQ) was evaluated with the quality assessment instrument of the Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Review (scores from 0% to 44% indicate very low quality; scores from 45% to 64% indicate low quality; scores from 65% to 84% indicate medium quality; and scores from 85% to 100% indicate high quality). Hedges' g and Student's t-test were performed on all cognitive outcome measures reported. RESULTS In total, 14 studies assessed the cognitive effects of levodopa (L-D), pramipexole (PRX), selegiline (SEL) and rasagiline (RAS) in mild-to-moderate non-demented PD patients. The MQ was overall low, with an average score of 49.1%. Results for L-D showed deleterious effects on a test of cognitive inhibition, as well as benefits on tests of attention/processing speed/working memory, executive functions and episodic memory. Pramipexole was associated with a worsening of episodic memory and impulse control. Results on SEL indicated a deterioration of global cognition over time and of concept formation. Rasagiline had some benefits on working memory and verbal fluency. CONCLUSION Antiparkinson medications can have deleterious (L-D; PRX; SEL) and beneficial (L-D; RAS) effects on cognition. However, randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials with larger sample sizes are required to better elucidate this issue.
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Vaughn KA, Hernandez AE. Becoming a balanced, proficient bilingual: Predictions from age of acquisition & genetic background. JOURNAL OF NEUROLINGUISTICS 2018; 46:69-77. [PMID: 30038460 PMCID: PMC6054315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variants related to dopamine functioning (e.g., the ANKK1/TaqIa polymorphism within the DRD2 gene and the Val158Met polymorphism within the COMT gene) have previously been shown to predict cognitive flexibility and learning (e.g., Colzato et al., 2010; Stelzel et al., 2010). Additionally, researchers have found that these genetic variants may also predict second language learning (Mamiya et al., 2016), although this relationship may change across the lifespan (Sugiura et al., 2011). The current study examined the role of the ANKK1/TaqIa and Val158Met polymorphisms along with age of second language acquisition (AoA) in order to predict levels of bilingual proficiency in Spanish-English bilinguals. Results indicated a three-way interaction such that the relationship between the genetic variants and bilingual proficiency depended on AoA. At earlier AoAs, having the genetic variant associated with higher levels of subcortical dopamine (A1+) predicted the highest levels of bilingual proficiency. At later AoAs, individuals with the genetic variant associated with cortical dopamine levels that are balanced between stability and flexibility (Val/Met) predicted the highest levels of bilingual proficiency. These results fit with theories about the development of language as a subcortical process early in life and as a cortical process later in life (Hernandez & Li, 2007), as well as the importance of both stability and flexibility in bilingual language development (Green & Abutalebi, 2013). Finally, this study raises questions about the direction of causality between bilingualism and cognitive control, which is central to the debate over the "bilingual advantage."
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A Common Function of Basal Ganglia-Cortical Circuits Subserving Speed in Both Motor and Cognitive Domains. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0200-17. [PMID: 29379873 PMCID: PMC5783269 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0200-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct regions of the frontal cortex connect with their basal ganglia and thalamic counterparts, constituting largely segregated basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical (BTC) circuits. However, any common role of the BTC circuits in different behavioral domains remains unclear. Indeed, whether dysfunctional motor and cognitive BTC circuits are responsible for motor slowing and cognitive slowing, respectively, in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a matter of debate. Here, we used an effortful behavioral paradigm in which the effects of task rate on accuracy were tested in movement, imagery, and calculation tasks in humans. Using nonlinear fitting, we separated baseline accuracy (Abase) and “agility” (ability to function quickly) components of performance in healthy participants and then confirmed reduced agility and preserved Abase for the three tasks in PD. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tractography, we explored the neural substrates underlying speeded performance of the three tasks in healthy participants, suggesting the involvement of distinct BTC circuits in cognitive and motor agility. Language and motor BTC circuits were specifically active during speeded performance of the calculation and movement tasks, respectively, whereas premotor BTC circuits revealed activity for speeded performance of all tasks. Finally, PD showed reduced task rate-correlated activity in the language BTC circuits for speeded calculation, in the premotor BTC circuit for speeded imagery, and in the motor BTC circuits for speeded movement, as compared with controls. The present study casts light on the anatomo-functional organization of the BTC circuits and their parallel roles in invigorating movement and cognition through a function of dopamine.
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Del-Monte J, Bayard S, Graziani P, Gély-Nargeot MC. Cognitive, Emotional, and Auto-Activation Dimensions of Apathy in Parkinson's Disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:230. [PMID: 29209182 PMCID: PMC5702439 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Apathy is one of the most frequent non-motor manifestations in Parkinson's disease (PD) that can lead to a whole range of deleterious outcomes. In 2006, Levy and Dubois proposed a model that distinguishes three different apathy aetiologies in PD divided into three subtypes of disrupted processing: “emotional-affective,” “cognitive,” and “auto-activation.” These three dimensions associated with dopamine depletion present in the pathology would lead to the emergence of apathy in PD. The aim of this mini-review was to describe and discuss studies that have explore links between apathy and the three subtypes of disrupted processing proposed by Levy and Dubois (2006) and as well as the links between these dimensions and dopamine depletion in Parkinson's disease. The lack of consensus regarding the emotional-affective correlates of apathy and the lack of evidence supporting the hypothesis of the auto-activation deficit, do not clearly confirm the validity of Levy and Dubois's model. Furthermore, the suggested association between dopaminergic depletion and apathy must also be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Del-Monte
- Social Psychology Laboratory EA 849, Aix-Marseille and Nîmes Universities, Nîmes, France
| | - Sophie Bayard
- Epsylon, Laboratory Dynamic of Human Abilities & Health Behaviors, Department of Sport Sciences, Psychology and Medicine, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierluigi Graziani
- Social Psychology Laboratory EA 849, Aix-Marseille and Nîmes Universities, Nîmes, France
| | - Marie C Gély-Nargeot
- Epsylon, Laboratory Dynamic of Human Abilities & Health Behaviors, Department of Sport Sciences, Psychology and Medicine, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
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Firbank MJ, O'Brien JT, Taylor JP. Long reaction times are associated with delayed brain activity in lewy body dementia. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 39:633-643. [PMID: 29094778 PMCID: PMC5813138 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant symptom of Lewy body dementia (LBD) is slow cognitive processing or bradyphrenia. In a previous fMRI task‐based study, we found slower responses in LBD, accompanied by greater deactivation in the default mode network. In this study, we investigated the timing and magnitude of the activations and deactivations with respect to reaction time to determine whether the slower responses in LBD were associated with delayed neuronal activity. Using fMRI, we examined the magnitude and latency of activations and deactivations during an event‐related attention task in 32 patients with LBD and 23 healthy controls using predefined regions of interest. Default mode network deactivations did not significantly differ in their timing between groups or task conditions, while the task‐related activations in the parietal, occipital, frontal, and motor cortex were all significantly later in the LBD group. Repeating the analysis with reaction time as a parametric modulator of activation magnitude produced similar findings, with the reaction time modulator being significant in a number of regions including the default mode network, suggesting that the increased deactivation in LBD is partly explained by slower task completion. Our data suggest that the default mode network deactivation is initiated at the start of the task, and remains deactivated until its end, with the increased magnitude of deactivation in LBD reflecting the more prolonged cognitive processing in these patients. These data add substantially to our understanding of the neural origins of bradyphrenia, which will be essential for determining optimum therapeutic strategies for cognitive impairment in LBD. Hum Brain Mapp 39:633–643, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Firbank
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, United Kingdom
| | - John T O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Paul Taylor
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, United Kingdom
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Weintraub D, Chahine LM, Hawkins KA, Siderowf A, Eberly S, Oakes D, Seibyl J, Stern MB, Marek K, Jennings D. Cognition and the course of prodromal Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2017; 32:1640-1645. [PMID: 29063713 PMCID: PMC5722226 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective data on cognition in prodromal Parkinson's disease are limited. The objectives of this study were to assess in prodromal PD (1) if baseline cognition predicts conversion to clinical PD, (2) if baseline dopamine transporter binding predicts longitudinal changes in cognition, and (3) if impaired olfaction predicts future cognitive decline. METHODS Prodromal participants were 136 hyposmic individuals enrolled in the Parkinson Associated Risk Study. We examined baseline neuropsychological test performance in PD converters versus nonconverters and the association between baseline dopamine transporter binding and change in cognition. An additional 73 normosmic individuals were included in analyses of the relationship between hyposmia and cognitive decline. RESULTS In prodromal participants, baseline cognitive scores did not significantly predict conversion, but converters performed numerically worse on 5 of the 6 cognitive domains assessed, with the greatest differences in executive function/working memory (0.68 standard deviation lower) and global cognition (0.64 standard deviation lower). Lower baseline dopamine transporter binding predicted greater future decline in processing speed/attention (P = 0.02). Hyposmia predicted greater future decline in language (P = 0.005) and memory (P = 0.01) abilities. CONCLUSIONS Given hyposmia in the general population predicts cognitive decline, the role of cognition in predicting conversion in prodromal PD needs to be assessed in large cohorts followed long-term. The dopamine system may be associated with changes in processing speed/attention in individuals at risk for PD. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- PD Research, Education and Clinical Center, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lana M. Chahine
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Keith A. Hawkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrew Siderowf
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shirley Eberly
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - David Oakes
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - John Seibyl
- The Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Matthew B. Stern
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kenneth Marek
- The Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Timed Release of Cerebrolysin Using Drug-Loaded Titanate Nanospheres Reduces Brain Pathology and Improves Behavioral Functions in Parkinson’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:359-369. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Marinelli L, Quartarone A, Hallett M, Frazzitta G, Ghilardi MF. The many facets of motor learning and their relevance for Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:1127-1141. [PMID: 28511125 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The final goal of motor learning, a complex process that includes both implicit and explicit (or declarative) components, is the optimization and automatization of motor skills. Motor learning involves different neural networks and neurotransmitters systems depending on the type of task and on the stage of learning. After the first phase of acquisition, a motor skill goes through consolidation (i.e., becoming resistant to interference) and retention, processes in which sleep and long-term potentiation seem to play important roles. The studies of motor learning in Parkinson's disease have yielded controversial results that likely stem from the use of different experimental paradigms. When a task's characteristics, instructions, context, learning phase and type of measures are taken into consideration, it is apparent that, in general, only learning that relies on attentional resources and cognitive strategies is affected by PD, in agreement with the finding of a fronto-striatal deficit in this disease. Levodopa administration does not seem to reverse the learning deficits in PD, while deep brain stimulation of either globus pallidus or subthalamic nucleus appears to be beneficial. Finally and most importantly, patients with PD often show a decrease in retention of newly learned skill, a problem that is present even in the early stages of the disease. A thorough dissection and understanding of the processes involved in motor learning is warranted to provide solid bases for effective medical, surgical and rehabilitative approaches in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Marinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Italy
| | - Angelo Quartarone
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Department of Neuroscience, University of Messina, Italy; The Fresco Institute for Parkinson's & Movement Disorders, NYU-Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giuseppe Frazzitta
- Department of Parkinson's Disease and Brain Injury Rehabilitation, "Moriggia-Pelascini" Hospital, Gravedona ed Uniti, Como, Italy
| | - Maria Felice Ghilardi
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; The Fresco Institute for Parkinson's & Movement Disorders, NYU-Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Yang S, Huang N, Jin YM, Zhang HQ, Su YH, Yang HG. Crystal shape engineering of anatase TiO2and its biomedical applications. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00804b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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GIRK Channels: A Potential Link Between Learning and Addiction. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 123:239-77. [PMID: 26422987 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability of drug-associated cues to reinitiate drug craving and seeking, even after long periods of abstinence, has led to the hypothesis that addiction represents a form of pathological learning, in which drugs of abuse hijack normal learning and memory processes to support long-term addictive behaviors. In this chapter, we review evidence suggesting that G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK/Kir3) channels are one mechanism through which numerous drugs of abuse can modulate learning and memory processes. We will examine the role of GIRK channels in two forms of experience-dependent long-term changes in neuronal function: homeostatic plasticity and synaptic plasticity. We will also discuss how drug-induced changes in GIRK-mediated signaling can lead to changes that support the development and maintenance of addiction.
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