1
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Zeng X, Geng W, Zhang Y, Yin J, Xu G, Yu M, Li L, Jia J. Thioredoxin-1 inhibits the activation of IRE1 by targeting Hsp90/p-Cdc37 chaperone complex in Parkinson disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102000. [PMID: 37437766 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). Our previous study has revealed that thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) attenuated IRE1 activation in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)/1-methy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD models. However, its exact mechanism has been largely unclear. In this research, it was reported for the first time that the protein levels of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and phosphorylated cell division cycle 37 (p-Cdc37) were significantly decreased and the interaction of Hsp90/p-Cdc37 complex with IRE1 was disturbed in MPP+/MPTP-induced PD models. Trx-1 overexpression reversed the expression of Hsp90 and p-Cdc37 in cultured cells and the substantia nigra pars compacta of mice. More importantly, Trx-1 overexpression enhanced the interaction of Hsp90/p-Cdc37 complex with IRE1. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that Trx-1 inhibited IRE1 activation in PD by elevating the expression of Hsp90 and p-Cdc37 and strengthening the interaction of Hsp90/p-Cdc37 complex and IRE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiansi Zeng
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Wenshuo Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Jiayi Yin
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Li Li
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Jinjing Jia
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing 314001, China.
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2
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Kuhlmann N, Milnerwood AJ. A Critical LRRK at the Synapse? The Neurobiological Function and Pathophysiological Dysfunction of LRRK2. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:153. [PMID: 32973447 PMCID: PMC7482583 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of LRRK2 mutations causal to Parkinson's disease (PD) in the early 2000s, the LRRK2 protein has been implicated in a plethora of cellular processes in which pathogenesis could occur, yet its physiological function remains elusive. The development of genetic models of LRRK2 PD has helped identify the etiological and pathophysiological underpinnings of the disease, and may identify early points of intervention. An important role for LRRK2 in synaptic function has emerged in recent years, which links LRRK2 to other genetic forms of PD, most notably those caused by mutations in the synaptic protein α-synuclein. This point of convergence may provide useful clues as to what drives dysfunction in the basal ganglia circuitry and eventual death of substantia nigra (SN) neurons. Here, we discuss the evolution and current state of the literature placing LRRK2 at the synapse, through the lens of knock-out, overexpression, and knock-in animal models. We hope that a deeper understanding of LRRK2 neurobiology, at the synapse and beyond, will aid the eventual development of neuroprotective interventions for PD, and the advancement of useful treatments in the interim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Kuhlmann
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Austen J Milnerwood
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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3
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Serrano A, Qiao X, Matos JO, Farley L, Cilenti L, Chen B, Tatulian SA, Teter K. Reversal of Alpha-Synuclein Fibrillization by Protein Disulfide Isomerase. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:726. [PMID: 32850841 PMCID: PMC7406567 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregates of α-synuclein contribute to the etiology of Parkinson's Disease. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a chaperone and oxidoreductase, blocks the aggregation of α-synuclein. An S-nitrosylated form of PDI that cannot function as a chaperone is associated with elevated levels of aggregated α-synuclein and is found in brains afflicted with Parkinson's Disease. The protective role of PDI in Parkinson's Disease and other neurodegenerative disorders is linked to its chaperone function, yet the mechanism of neuroprotection remains unclear. Using Thioflavin-T fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy, we show here for the first time that PDI can break down nascent fibrils of α-synuclein. Mature fibrils were not affected by PDI. Another PDI family member, ERp57, could prevent but not reverse α-synuclein aggregation. The disaggregase activity of PDI was effective at a 1:50 molar ratio of PDI:α-synuclein and was blocked by S-nitrosylation. PDI could not reverse the aggregation of malate dehydrogenase, which indicated its disaggregase activity does not operate on all substrates. These findings establish a previously unrecognized disaggregase property of PDI that could underlie its neuroprotective function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Serrano
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Xin Qiao
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Jason O Matos
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Lauren Farley
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Lucia Cilenti
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Suren A Tatulian
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Ken Teter
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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4
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Ho RXY, Amraei R, De La Cena KOC, Sutherland EG, Mortazavi F, Stein T, Chitalia V, Rahimi N. Loss of MINAR2 impairs motor function and causes Parkinson's disease-like symptoms in mice. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa047. [PMID: 32954300 PMCID: PMC7425422 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is the second most common human neurodegenerative disease. Motor control impairment represents a key clinical hallmark and primary clinical symptom of the disease, which is further characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the accumulation of α-synuclein aggregations. We have identified major intrinsically disordered NOTCH2-associated receptor 2 encoded by KIAA1024L, a previously uncharacterized protein that is highly conserved in humans and other species. In this study, we demonstrate that major intrinsically disordered NOTCH2-associated receptor 2 expression is significantly down-regulated in the frontal lobe brain of patients with Lewy body dementia. Major intrinsically disordered NOTCH2-associated receptor 2 is predominantly expressed in brain tissue and is particularly prominent in the midbrain. Major intrinsically disordered NOTCH2-associated receptor 2 interacts with neurogenic locus notch homologue protein 2 and is localized at the endoplasmic reticulum compartments. We generated major intrinsically disordered NOTCH2-associated receptor 2 knockout mouse and demonstrated that the loss of major intrinsically disordered NOTCH2-associated receptor 2 in mouse results in severe motor deficits such as rigidity and bradykinesia, gait abnormalities, reduced spontaneous locomotor and exploratory behaviour, symptoms that are highly similar to those observed in human Parkinson’s spectrum disorders. Analysis of the major intrinsically disordered NOTCH2-associated receptor 2 knockout mice brain revealed significant anomalies in neuronal function and appearance including the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the pars compacta, which was accompanied by an up-regulation in α-synuclein protein expression. Taken together, these data demonstrate a previously unknown function for major intrinsically disordered NOTCH2-associated receptor 2 in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Xi-Yeen Ho
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Razie Amraei
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Evan G Sutherland
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Farzad Mortazavi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Thor Stein
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Boston University Alzheimer Disease and CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vipul Chitalia
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nader Rahimi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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5
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Hai-jiao W, Ge T, Li-na Z, Deng C, Da X, Shan-Shan C, Liu L. The efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for Parkinson disease patients with depression. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:19-27. [PMID: 29985089 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1495632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Hai-jiao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Wai Nan Guo Xue Lane #, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tan Ge
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Wai Nan Guo Xue Lane #, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhu Li-na
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Wai Nan Guo Xue Lane #, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Deng
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Wai Nan Guo Xue Lane #, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Da
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Wai Nan Guo Xue Lane #, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chu Shan-Shan
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Wai Nan Guo Xue Lane #, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Wai Nan Guo Xue Lane #, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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6
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Ren X, Zhao Y, Xue F, Zheng Y, Huang H, Wang W, Chang Y, Yang H, Zhang J. Exosomal DNA Aptamer Targeting α-Synuclein Aggregates Reduced Neuropathological Deficits in a Mouse Parkinson's Disease Model. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 17:726-740. [PMID: 31437653 PMCID: PMC6709346 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The α-synuclein aggregates are the main component of Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease (PD) brain, and they showed immunotherapy could be employed to alleviate α-synuclein aggregate pathology in PD. Recently we have generated DNA aptamers that specifically recognize α-synuclein. In this study, we further investigated the in vivo effect of these aptamers on the neuropathological deficits associated with PD. For efficient delivery of the aptamers into the mouse brain, we employed modified exosomes with the neuron-specific rabies viral glycoprotein (RVG) peptide on the membrane surface. We demonstrated that the aptamers were efficiently packaged into the RVG-exosomes and delivered into neurons in vitro and in vivo. Functionally, the aptamer-loaded RVG-exosomes significantly reduced the α-synuclein preformed fibril (PFF)-induced pathological aggregates, and rescued synaptic protein loss and neuronal death. Moreover, intraperitoneal administration of these exosomes into the mice with intra-striatally injected α-synuclein PFF reduced the pathological α-synuclein aggregates and improved motor impairments. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the aptamers targeting α-synuclein aggregates could be effectively delivered into the mouse brain by the RVG-exosomes and reduce the neuropathological and behavioral deficits in the mouse PD model. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of the RVG-exosome delivery of aptamer to alleviate the brain α-synuclein pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Ren
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fenqin Xue
- Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haixia Huang
- Department of Physiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yongchang Chang
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jianliang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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7
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Manoutcharian K, Perez-Garmendia R, Gevorkian G. Recombinant Antibody Fragments for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 15:779-788. [PMID: 27697033 PMCID: PMC5771054 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x01666160930121647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant antibody fragments are promising alternatives to full-length immunoglobulins and offer important advantages compared with conventional monoclonal antibodies: extreme specificity, higher affinity, superior stability and solubility, reduced immunogenicity as well as easy and inexpensive large-scale production. OBJECTIVE In this article we will review and discuss recombinant antibodies that are being evaluated for neurodegenerative diseases in pre-clinical models and in clinical studies and will summarize new strategies that are being developed to optimize their stability, specificity and potency for advancing their use. METHODS Articles describing recombinant antibody fragments used for neurological diseases were selected (PubMed) and evaluated for their significance. RESULTS Different antibody formats such as single-chain fragment variable (scFv), single-domain antibody fragments (VHHs or sdAbs), bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), intrabodies and nanobodies, are currently being studied in pre-clinical models of cancer as well as infectious and autoimmune diseases and many of them are being tested as therapeutics in clinical trials. Immunotherapy approaches have shown therapeutic efficacy in several animal models of Alzheimer´s disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Huntington disease (HD), transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) and multiple sclerosis (MS). It has been demonstrated that recombinant antibody fragments may neutralize toxic extra- and intracellular misfolded proteins involved in the pathogenesis of AD, PD, DLB, FTD, HD or TSEs and may target toxic immune cells participating in the pathogenesis of MS. CONCLUSION Recombinant antibody fragments represent a promising tool for the development of antibody-based immunotherapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Manoutcharian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico DF. Mexico
| | - Roxanna Perez-Garmendia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico DF. Mexico
| | - Goar Gevorkian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Apartado Postal 70228, Cuidad Universitaria, Mexico DF, CP 04510, Mexico. 0
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8
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Obeso J, Stamelou M, Goetz C, Poewe W, Lang A, Weintraub D, Burn D, Halliday G, Bezard E, Przedborski S, Lehericy S, Brooks D, Rothwell J, Hallett M, DeLong M, Marras C, Tanner C, Ross G, Langston J, Klein C, Bonifati V, Jankovic J, Lozano A, Deuschl G, Bergman H, Tolosa E, Rodriguez-Violante M, Fahn S, Postuma R, Berg D, Marek K, Standaert D, Surmeier D, Olanow C, Kordower J, Calabresi P, Schapira A, Stoessl A. Past, present, and future of Parkinson's disease: A special essay on the 200th Anniversary of the Shaking Palsy. Mov Disord 2017; 32:1264-1310. [PMID: 28887905 PMCID: PMC5685546 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews and summarizes 200 years of Parkinson's disease. It comprises a relevant history of Dr. James Parkinson's himself and what he described accurately and what he missed from today's perspective. Parkinson's disease today is understood as a multietiological condition with uncertain etiopathogenesis. Many advances have occurred regarding pathophysiology and symptomatic treatments, but critically important issues are still pending resolution. Among the latter, the need to modify disease progression is undoubtedly a priority. In sum, this multiple-author article, prepared to commemorate the bicentenary of the shaking palsy, provides a historical state-of-the-art account of what has been achieved, the current situation, and how to progress toward resolving Parkinson's disease. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.A. Obeso
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Stamelou
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Department, HYGEIA Hospital and Attikon Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - C.G. Goetz
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - W. Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A.E. Lang
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - D. Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Parkinson’s Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers (PADRECC and MIRECC), Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - D. Burn
- Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - G.M. Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - E. Bezard
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
- China Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Lab Animal Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S. Przedborski
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, the Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - S. Lehericy
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière – ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche – CENIR, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - D.J. Brooks
- Clinical Sciences Department, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J.C. Rothwell
- Human Neurophysiology, Sobell Department, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - M. Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - M.R. DeLong
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - C. Marras
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson’s disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - C.M. Tanner
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Center, Department of Neurology, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Parkinson’s Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - G.W. Ross
- Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | | | - C. Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - V. Bonifati
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Jankovic
- Parkinson’s Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - A.M. Lozano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - G. Deuschl
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - H. Bergman
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Jerusalem, Israel
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - E. Tolosa
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Rodriguez-Violante
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Clinical Neurodegenerative Research Unit, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S. Fahn
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - R.B. Postuma
- Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D. Berg
- Klinikfür Neurologie, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
| | - K. Marek
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - D.G. Standaert
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - D.J. Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - C.W. Olanow
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - J.H. Kordower
- Research Center for Brain Repair, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - P. Calabresi
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Medicine, Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A.H.V. Schapira
- University Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - A.J. Stoessl
- Pacific Parkinson’s Research Centre, Division of Neurology & Djavadf Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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9
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Aksoy D, Solmaz V, Çavuşoğlu T, Meral A, Ateş U, Erbaş O. Neuroprotective Effects of Eexenatide in a Rotenone-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Am J Med Sci 2017; 354:319-324. [PMID: 28918840 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKROUND Several studies suggest an association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus; these 2 diseases are both known to affect the common molecular pathways. As a synthetic agonist for the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor, exenatide has been evaluated as a neuroprotective agent in multiple animal models. Rotenone models of PD have great potential for the investigation of PD pathology and motor and nonmotor symptoms, as well as the role of gene-environment interactions in PD causation and pathogenesis. Therefore, in this study, the neurochemical, behavioral and histologic effects of exenatide on a rotenone-induced rat model of PD were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen adult male rats were randomly divided into the following 3 groups (n = 6): 1 group received stereotaxical infusion of dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle, group 1) and the others received stereotaxical infusion of rotenone (groups 2 and 3). Apomorphine-induced rotation test was applied to the rats after 10 days. Thereafter, group 2 was administered isotonic saline, whereas group 3 was administered exenatide for 28 days. RESULTS Malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels increased in the rats with PD induced by rotenone, whereas malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels markedly decreased in the rats treated with exenatide. The apomorphine-induced rotation test scores of exenatide-treated rats were determined to be lower compared with the untreated group. Additionally, treatment with exenatide significantly reduced the loss of dopaminergic neurons in striatum. CONCLUSIONS These results have shown that exenatide has neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in a rotenone-induced rat model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dürdane Aksoy
- Department of Neurology, Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Volkan Solmaz
- Department of Neurology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Türker Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Meral
- Department of Biochemistry, Dumlupınar University Evliya Celebi Education and Research Hospital, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Utku Ateş
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bilim University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oytun Erbaş
- Department of Physiology, Bilim University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Styczyńska-Soczka K, Zechini L, Zografos L. Validating the Predicted Effect of Astemizole and Ketoconazole Using a Drosophila Model of Parkinson's Disease. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2017; 15:106-112. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2017.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
Parkinson disease is the second-most common neurodegenerative disorder that affects 2-3% of the population ≥65 years of age. Neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, which causes striatal dopamine deficiency, and intracellular inclusions containing aggregates of α-synuclein are the neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson disease. Multiple other cell types throughout the central and peripheral autonomic nervous system are also involved, probably from early disease onwards. Although clinical diagnosis relies on the presence of bradykinesia and other cardinal motor features, Parkinson disease is associated with many non-motor symptoms that add to overall disability. The underlying molecular pathogenesis involves multiple pathways and mechanisms: α-synuclein proteostasis, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, axonal transport and neuroinflammation. Recent research into diagnostic biomarkers has taken advantage of neuroimaging in which several modalities, including PET, single-photon emission CT (SPECT) and novel MRI techniques, have been shown to aid early and differential diagnosis. Treatment of Parkinson disease is anchored on pharmacological substitution of striatal dopamine, in addition to non-dopaminergic approaches to address both motor and non-motor symptoms and deep brain stimulation for those developing intractable L-DOPA-related motor complications. Experimental therapies have tried to restore striatal dopamine by gene-based and cell-based approaches, and most recently, aggregation and cellular transport of α-synuclein have become therapeutic targets. One of the greatest current challenges is to identify markers for prodromal disease stages, which would allow novel disease-modifying therapies to be started earlier.
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Inflammatory pre-conditioning restricts the seeded induction of α-synuclein pathology in wild type mice. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:1. [PMID: 28049533 PMCID: PMC5210310 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell-to-cell transmission of α-synuclein (αSyn) is hypothesized to play an important role in disease progression in synucleinopathies. This process involves cellular uptake of extracellular amyloidogenic αSyn seeds followed by seeding of endogenous αSyn. Though it is well known that αSyn is an immunogenic protein that can interact with immune receptors, the role of innate immunity in regulating induction of αSyn pathology in vivo is unknown. Herein, we explored whether altering innate immune activation affects induction of αSyn pathology in wild type mice. Methods We have previously demonstrated that recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated expression of the inflammatory cytokine, Interleukin (IL)-6, in neonatal wild type mice brains leads to widespread immune activation in the brain without overt neurodegeneration. To investigate how IL-6 expression affects induction of αSyn pathology, we injected mouse wild type αSyn fibrils in the hippocampus of AAV-IL-6 expressing mice. Control mice received AAV containing an Empty vector (EV) construct. Two separate cohorts of AAV-IL-6 and AAV-EV mice were analyzed in this study: 4 months or 2 months following intrahippocampal αSyn seeding. Results Here, we show that IL-6 expression resulted in widespread gliosis and concurrently reduced αSyn inclusion pathology induced by a single intra-hippocampal injection of exogenous amyloidogenic αSyn. The reduction in αSyn inclusion pathology in IL-6 expressing mice was time-dependent. Suppression of αSyn pathology was accompanied by reductions in both argyrophilic and p62 immunoreactive inclusions. Conclusions Our data supports a beneficial role of inflammatory priming of the CNS in wild type mice challenged with exogenous αSyn. A likely mechanism is efficient astroglial scavenging of exogenous αSyn, at least early in the disease process, and in the absence of human αSyn transgene overexpression. Given evidence that a pro-inflammatory environment may restrict seeding of αSyn pathology, this can be used to design anti-αSyn immunobiotherapies by harnessing innate immune function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-016-0142-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Lindholm D, Pham DD, Cascone A, Eriksson O, Wennerberg K, Saarma M. c-Abl Inhibitors Enable Insights into the Pathophysiology and Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:254. [PMID: 27833551 PMCID: PMC5080529 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder causing movement disabilities and several non-motor symptoms in afflicted patients. Recent studies in animal models of PD and analyses of brain specimen from PD patients revealed an increase in the level and activity of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Abelson (c-Abl) in dopaminergic neurons with phosphorylation of protein substrates, such as α-synuclein and the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Parkin. Most significantly inhibition of c-Abl kinase activity by small molecular compounds used in the clinic to treat human leukemia have shown promising neuroprotective effects in cell and animal models of PD. This has raised hope that similar beneficial outcome may also be observed in the treatment of PD patients by using c-Abl inhibitors. Here we highlight the background for the current optimism, reviewing c-Abl and its relationship to pathophysiological pathways prevailing in PD, as well as discussing issues related to the pharmacology and safety of current c-Abl inhibitors. Clearly more rigorously controlled and well-designed trials are needed before the c-Abl inhibitors can be used in the neuroclinic to possibly benefit an increasing number of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lindholm
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, HelsinkiFinland
| | - Dan D Pham
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, HelsinkiFinland
| | - Annunziata Cascone
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ove Eriksson
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
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Yuan L, Song Z, Deng X, Zheng W, Guo Y, Yang Z, Deng H. Systematic analysis of genetic variants in Han Chinese patients with sporadic Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33850. [PMID: 27653456 PMCID: PMC5032117 DOI: 10.1038/srep33850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. Accumulated evidence confirms that genetic factors play a considerable role in PD pathogenesis. To examine whether point variants or haplotypes are associated with PD development, genotyping of 35 variants in 22 PD-related genes was performed in a well-characterized cohort of 512 Han Chinese PD patients and 512 normal controls. Both Pearson's χ2 test and haplotype analysis were used to evaluate whether variants or their haplotypes were associated with PD in this cohort. The only statistically significant differences in genotypic and allelic frequencies between the patients and the controls were in the DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C10 gene (DNAJC10) variant rs13414223 (P = 0.004 and 0.002, respectively; odds ratio = 0.652, 95% confidence interval: 0.496-0.857). No other variants or haplotypes exhibited any significant differences between these two groups (all corrected P > 0.05). Our findings indicate that the variant rs13414223 in the DNAJC10 gene, a paralog of PD-related genes DNAJC6 and DNAJC13, may play a protective role in PD. This suggests it may be a PD-associated gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamei Yuan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Song
- Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiong Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Medical Information, Information Security and Big Data Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Lindholm D, Mäkelä J, Di Liberto V, Mudò G, Belluardo N, Eriksson O, Saarma M. Current disease modifying approaches to treat Parkinson's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1365-79. [PMID: 26616211 PMCID: PMC11108524 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by the degeneration and death of midbrain dopamine and non-dopamine neurons in the brain leading to motor dysfunctions and other symptoms, which seriously influence the quality of life of PD patients. The drug L-dopa can alleviate the motor symptoms in PD, but so far there are no rational therapies targeting the underlying neurodegenerative processes. Despite intensive research, the molecular mechanisms causing neuronal loss are not fully understood which has hampered the development of new drugs and disease-modifying therapies. Neurotrophic factors are by virtue of their survival promoting activities attract candidates to counteract and possibly halt cell degeneration in PD. In particular, studies employing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its family member neurturin (NRTN), as well as the recently described cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) and the mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) have shown positive results in protecting and repairing dopaminergic neurons in various models of PD. Other substances with trophic actions in dopaminergic neurons include neuropeptides and small compounds that target different pathways impaired in PD, such as increased cell stress, protein handling defects, dysfunctional mitochondria and neuroinflammation. In this review, we will highlight the recent developments in this field with a focus on trophic factors and substances having the potential to beneficially influence the viability and functions of dopaminergic neurons as shown in preclinical or in animal models of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lindholm
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Minerva Medical Research Institute, Biomedicum-2 Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Johanna Mäkelä
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Medical Research Institute, Biomedicum-2 Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Division of Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Division of Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| | - Natale Belluardo
- Division of Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ove Eriksson
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 56, Viikinkaari 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Volpicelli-Daley LA, Standaert DG. Invisible Killers. Mov Disord 2016; 31:44. [PMID: 26748962 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Volpicelli-Daley
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David G Standaert
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Rodríguez-Nogales C, Garbayo E, Carmona-Abellán MM, Luquin MR, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Brain aging and Parkinson's disease: New therapeutic approaches using drug delivery systems. Maturitas 2015; 84:25-31. [PMID: 26653838 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is unknown, aging being the strongest risk factor for brain degeneration. Understanding PD pathogenesis and how aging increases the risk of disease would aid the development of therapies able to slow or prevent the progression of this neurodegenerative disorder. In this review we provide an overview of the most promising therapeutic targets and strategies to delay the loss of dopaminergic neurons observed both in PD and aging. Among them, handling alpha-synuclein toxicity, enhancing proteasome and lysosome clearance, ameliorating mitochondrial disruptions and modifying the glial environment are so far the most promising candidates. These new and conventional drugs may present problems related to their labile nature and to the difficulties in reaching the brain. Thus, we highlight the latest types of drug delivery system (DDS)-based strategies for PD treatment, including DDS for local and systemic drug delivery. Finally, the ongoing challenges for the discovery of new targets and the opportunities for DDS-based therapies to improve and efficacious PD therapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rodríguez-Nogales
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Spain
| | - E Garbayo
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - M M Carmona-Abellán
- Laboratory of Regenerative Therapy, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Division, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Spain
| | - M R Luquin
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Regenerative Therapy, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Division, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Spain
| | - M J Blanco-Prieto
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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